叶面喷施锌离子对水稻各器官镉积累特性的影响
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摘要
为了探讨锌离子对稻米镉(Cd)积累特性的影响,在水稻开花期喷施不同浓度的ZnSO_4,对成熟期水稻各器官的Cd含量及其他必需元素的变化进行了分析。研究结果表明:在相同的Cd污染农田中,不同处理间晚稻各器官中的Cd含量明显高于早稻。与对照相比,叶面喷施5 mmol·L~(-1)和10 mmol·L~(-1)ZnSO_4能够显著降低晚稻和早稻籽粒和穗轴以及穗下节中的Cd含量,籽粒中的Cd含量和穗下节以及倒二节中的Cd含量还呈极显著正相关。此外,无论是对照还是各处理小区,晚稻和早稻穗下节中的Cd含量是穗轴和旗叶Cd含量的10倍左右,倒二节Cd含量是倒二节间中Cd含量的3倍左右。与此同时,喷施5 mmol·L~(-1)和10 mmol·L~(-1)的ZnSO_4使晚稻籽粒中的Zn含量分别增加13.81%和44.60%,早稻籽粒中的Zn含量分别增加39.02%和47.88%,但对籽粒中的Mg含量无显著影响。此外,喷施10 mmol·L~(-1)的ZnSO_4显著降低了早稻和晚稻籽粒中的K、Ca、Mn含量。由此可见,叶面喷施ZnSO_4主要通过提高Zn向籽粒的转运效率来抑制Cd由营养器官向穗轴及籽粒的转运,从而产生降Cd增Zn的明显效果。
In order to explore the effects of ZnSO_4 on the accumulation of cadmium in different organs of rice plants, different concentrations of zinc were sprayed during the anthesis period and quantities of cadmium as well as other essential elements in the organs were analyzed. Experimental results showed that when plants were grown in the same Cd-contaminated farmland, the cadmium content in different organs of late rice in different treatments was significantly higher than that in early rice. Compared with the control, foliar application with 5 mmol·L~(-1) and 10 mmol·L~(-1) ZnSO_4 was found to significantly reduce cadmium in grains and rachises and in the uppermost nodes of late rice and early rice. Grain Cd was significantly and positively correlated with Cd content in the uppermost nodes and in the second nodes. Furthermore, irrespective of the control plot or the treatment plot and regardless of late rice or early rice, the concentration of Cd in uppermost nodes was approximately 10 times higher than that in rachises and flag leaves, and the concentration of Cd in the second nodes was approximately three times higher than that in the second internodes. The results showed that Zn concentrations in grains of late rice increased by13.81% and 44.60%, and in grains of early rice increased by 39.02% and 47.88% respectively, after spraying with 5 mmol·L~(-1) and 10 mmol·L~(-1) of zinc. The concentration of K in grains and rachises decreased in late rice and early rice and foliar application with ZnSO_4 did not have a significant effect on the concentration of Mg in grains. Spraying with 10 mmol·L~(-1) of zinc significantly reduced levels of K, Ca and Mn in grains of late rice and early rice. These results indicate that foliar application with different concentrations of zinc is able to efficiently increase Zn level and decrease Cd quantity in grains by promoting Zn allocation and inhibiting Cd transport from vegetative organs to grains.
In order to explore the effects of ZnSO_4 on the accumulation of cadmium in different organs of rice plants, different concentrations of zinc were sprayed during the anthesis period and quantities of cadmium as well as other essential elements in the organs were analyzed. Experimental results showed that when plants were grown in the same Cd-contaminated farmland, the cadmium content in different organs of late rice in different treatments was significantly higher than that in early rice. Compared with the control, foliar application with 5 mmol·L~(-1) and 10 mmol·L~(-1) ZnSO_4 was found to significantly reduce cadmium in grains and rachises and in the uppermost nodes of late rice and early rice. Grain Cd was significantly and positively correlated with Cd content in the uppermost nodes and in the second nodes. Furthermore, irrespective of the control plot or the treatment plot and regardless of late rice or early rice, the concentration of Cd in uppermost nodes was approximately 10 times higher than that in rachises and flag leaves, and the concentration of Cd in the second nodes was approximately three times higher than that in the second internodes. The results showed that Zn concentrations in grains of late rice increased by13.81% and 44.60%, and in grains of early rice increased by 39.02% and 47.88% respectively, after spraying with 5 mmol·L~(-1) and 10 mmol·L~(-1) of zinc. The concentration of K in grains and rachises decreased in late rice and early rice and foliar application with ZnSO_4 did not have a significant effect on the concentration of Mg in grains. Spraying with 10 mmol·L~(-1) of zinc significantly reduced levels of K, Ca and Mn in grains of late rice and early rice. These results indicate that foliar application with different concentrations of zinc is able to efficiently increase Zn level and decrease Cd quantity in grains by promoting Zn allocation and inhibiting Cd transport from vegetative organs to grains.
引文
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[20]龙思斯,杨益新,宋正国,等.三种类型阻控剂对不同品种水稻富集镉的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报, 2016, 33(5):459-465.LONG Si-si, YANG Yi-xin, SONG Zheng-guo, et al. Effects of three inhibitors on the accumulation of cadmium in rice[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2016, 33(5):459-465.
[21] Liu Y, Zhang C, Zhao Y, et al. Effects of growing seasons and genotypes on the accumulation of cadmium and mineral nutrients in rice grown in cadmium contaminated soil[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 579:1282-1288.
[22] Cao F, Wang R, Cheng W, et al. Genotypic and environmental variation in cadmium, chromium, lead and copper in rice and approaches for reducing the accumulation[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2014, 496:275-281.
[23] Du Y, Hu X F, Wu X H, et al. Affects of mining activities on Cd pollution to the paddy soils and rice grain in Hunan Province, Central South China[J]. Environmental Monitoring&Assessment, 2013, 185(12):9843-9856.
[24] Shimojima E, Tamagawa I, Horiuchi M, et al. Observation of water and solute movement in a saline, bare soil, groundwater seepage area,Western Australia. Part 2. Annual water and solute balances[J]. Soil Research, 2015, 54(1):78-93.
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[2]阮玉龙,李向东,黎廷宇,等.喀斯特地区农田土壤重金属污染及其对人体健康的危害[J].地球与环境, 2015, 43(1):92-97.RUAN Yu-long, LI Xiang-dong, LI Ting-yu, et al. Heavy metal pollution in farmland soil and its harm to human health in karst area[J].Earth and Environment, 2015, 43(1):92-97.
[3] Kerkhove E V, Valérie Pennemans, Swennen Q. Cadmium and transport of ions and substances across cell membranes and epithelia[J]. Biometals, 2010, 23(5):823-855.
[4]贺前锋,李鹏祥,易凤姣,等.叶面喷施硒肥对水稻植株中镉、硒含量分布的影响[J].湖南农业科学, 2016(1):37-39.HE Qian-feng, LI Peng-xiang, YI Feng-jiao, et al. Effects of selenium fertilizer foliage application on distribution of cadmium and selenium in rice[J]. Hunan Agricultural Sciences, 2016(1):37-39.
[5]宋安军.镉污染条件下叶面喷施水杨酸、镁、谷氨酸对水稻镉等元素积累的影响[D].成都：四川农业大学, 2015.SONG An-jun. Effect of foliar spraying salicylicacid, magnesium and glutamic acid on the cadmium accumulation of cadmium and other elements in rice was influenced by cadmium pollution[D]. Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University, 2015.
[6] Ishimaru Y, Bashir K, Nishizawa N K. Zn uptake and translocation in rice plants[J]. Rice, 2011, 4(1):21-27.
[7]尹洁,赵艳玲,徐莜,等.锌对粳稻幼苗镉吸收转运特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2016, 35(5):834-841.YIN Jie, ZHAO Yan-ling, XU You, et al. Effects of zinc supply on absorption and translocation of cadmium in rice seedlings[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2016, 35(5):834-841.
[8]辜娇峰,杨文弢,周航,等.外源锌刺激下水稻对土壤镉的累积效应[J].环境科学, 2016, 37(9):3554-3561.GU Jiao-feng, YANG Wen-tao, ZHOU Hang, et al. Provoking effects of exogenous Zn on cadmium accumulation in rice[J]. Environmental Science, 2016, 37(9):3554-3561.
[9] Chaney R, Reeves P J, Simmons R, et al. An improved understanding of soil Cd risk to humans and low cost methods to phytoextract Cd from contaminated soils to prevent soil Cd risks[J]. Biometals, 2004, 17(5):549-553.
[10]史静,潘根兴,张乃明.镉胁迫对不同杂交水稻品种Cd/Zn吸收与积累的影响[J].环境科学学报, 2013, 33(10):2904-2910.SHI Jing, PAN Gen-xing, ZHANG Nai-ming. Effect of cadmium stress on Cd and Zn uptake and accumulation of different cultivars of hybrid rice[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2013, 33(10):2904-2910.
[11]付力成,王人民,孟杰,等.叶面锌/铁配施对水稻产量/品质及锌铁分布的影响及其品种差异[J].中国农业科学, 2010, 43(24):5009-5018.FU Li-cheng, WANG Ren-min, MENG Jie, et al. Effect of foliar application of zinc and iron fertilizers on distribution of zinc and iron,quality and yield of rice grain[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(24):5009-5018.
[12] Brown K H, Rivera J A, Bhutta Z, et al. International zinc nutrition consultative group(IZiNCG)technical document#1. Assessment of the risk of zinc deficiency in populations and options for its control[J].Food&Nutrition Bulletin, 2004, 25(2):99-203.
[13]索炎炎,吴士文,朱骏杰,等.叶面喷施锌肥对不同镉水平下水稻产量及元素含量的影响[J].浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）,2012, 38(4):449-458.SUO Yan-yan, WU Shi-wen, ZHU Jun-jie, et al. Effects of foliar Zn application on rice yield and element contents under different Cd levels[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Agric.&Life Sci.), 2012, 38(4):449-458.
[14]曲荣辉,张曦,李合莲,等.不同锌水平对低剂量镉在水稻中迁移能力的影响[J].中国生态农业学报, 2016, 24(4):517-523.QU Rong-hui, ZHANG Xi, LI He-lian, et al. Effects of zinc level on low dose cadmium transport in rice plant[J]. Chinese Journal of EcoAgriculture, 2016, 24(4):517-523.
[15]胡坤,喻华,冯文强,等.中微量元素和有益元素对水稻生长和吸收镉的影响[J].生态学报, 2011, 31(8):2341-2348.HU Kun, YU Hua, FENG Wen-qiang, et al. Effects of secondary, micro-and beneficial elements on rice growth and cadmium uptake[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(8):2341-2348.
[16]刘昭兵,纪雄辉,田发祥,等.碱性废弃物及添加锌肥对污染土壤镉生物有效性的影响及机制[J].环境科学, 2011, 32(4):1164-1170.LIU Zhao-bing, JI Xiong-hui, TIAN Fa-xiang, et al. Effects and mechanism of alkaline wastes application and zinc fertilizer addition on Cd bioavailability in contaminated soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Science, 2011, 32(4):1164-1170.
[17] Hart J J, Welch R M, Norvell W A, et al. Zinc effects on cadmium accumulation and partitioning in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat that differ in grain cadmium concentration[J]. New Phytologist, 2005,167(2):391-401.
[18]丁琼,杨俊兴,华珞,等.不同钝化剂配施硫酸锌对石灰性土壤中镉生物有效性的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2012, 31(2):312-317.DING Qiong, YANG Jun-xing, HUA Luo, et al. Effects and mechanism of alkaline wastes application and zinc fertilizer addition on Cd bioavailability in contaminated soil[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2012, 31(2):312-317.
[19]曹晨亮,王卫,马义兵,等.钝化剂-锌肥降低烟草镉含量长期效果研究[J].土壤学报, 2015, 52(3):628-636.CAO Chen-liang, WANG Wei, MA Yi-bing, et al. Effects of longterm amendment with passivant and zinc fertilizer on cadmium reduction in tobacco growing in a Cd contaminated field[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2015, 52(3):628-636.
[20]龙思斯,杨益新,宋正国,等.三种类型阻控剂对不同品种水稻富集镉的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报, 2016, 33(5):459-465.LONG Si-si, YANG Yi-xin, SONG Zheng-guo, et al. Effects of three inhibitors on the accumulation of cadmium in rice[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2016, 33(5):459-465.
[21] Liu Y, Zhang C, Zhao Y, et al. Effects of growing seasons and genotypes on the accumulation of cadmium and mineral nutrients in rice grown in cadmium contaminated soil[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 579:1282-1288.
[22] Cao F, Wang R, Cheng W, et al. Genotypic and environmental variation in cadmium, chromium, lead and copper in rice and approaches for reducing the accumulation[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2014, 496:275-281.
[23] Du Y, Hu X F, Wu X H, et al. Affects of mining activities on Cd pollution to the paddy soils and rice grain in Hunan Province, Central South China[J]. Environmental Monitoring&Assessment, 2013, 185(12):9843-9856.
[24] Shimojima E, Tamagawa I, Horiuchi M, et al. Observation of water and solute movement in a saline, bare soil, groundwater seepage area,Western Australia. Part 2. Annual water and solute balances[J]. Soil Research, 2015, 54(1):78-93.
[25] Xiao Y, Huang Z, Yang F, et al. Dynamics of soil moisture and salt content after infilturation of saline ice meltwater in saline-sodic soil columns[J]. Pedosphere, 2017, 27(6):1116-1124.
[26] Foster K J, Miklavcic S J. Modeling root zone effects on preferred pathways for the passive transport of ions and water in plant roots[J].Front Plant Sci, 7:914. http：//dx. doi. org/10. 3389/fpls. 2016. 00914.
[27] Fricke W. The significance of water co-transport for sustaining transpirational water flow in plants:A quantitative approach[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2015, 66(3):731-739.
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