乳酸菌胞外多糖对水稻生长及土壤理化性质的影响
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摘要
为探讨微生物多糖在促进作物生长上的应用效果及其作用机理,以水稻准两优608为供试材料,将不同浓度(100、1 000 mg·L~(-1))乳酸菌胞外多糖施加于土壤,同时以相同浓度的葡萄糖作为对照,研究乳酸菌胞外多糖对水稻秧苗生物学性状及水稻根际土壤理化性质的影响,同时考查微生物多糖与单糖在水稻促生效果上的差异。结果表明:在土壤中添加不同浓度的乳酸菌多糖能促进水稻幼苗的生长,显著改善土壤结构,提高土壤团聚体稳定性,缓解土壤酸化,提高土壤酶活性,同时对土壤养分也有明显的改善效果。相关性分析表明,外源物质介导的土壤环境因子变化与水稻的生长作用关联极为密切。主成分分析结果证明,乳酸菌胞外多糖对水稻生长及土壤环境因子的作用效果与葡萄糖存在明显区别。乳酸菌胞外多糖可以作为一种新型植物生长调节剂应用于农业生产。
To explore the application potential of microbial polysaccharides and its regulatory mechanism on crop growth,rice cultivar Zhunliangyou 608 was used to investigate the effects of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from lactic acid bacteria on biological traits of rice seedlings and physicochemical properties of rice rhizosphere soil. It was shown that application of EPS could promote the growth of rice seedlings and improve rhizosphere soil environment,enhance soil structure,improve soil aggregate stability,mitigate soil acidification,increase soil enzyme activities,and improve soil nutrients. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that the mechanism of rice growth promotion by exopolysaccharides was different from that by glucose. The exopolysaccharides of lactic acid bacteria could be used as a new plant growth regulator.
To explore the application potential of microbial polysaccharides and its regulatory mechanism on crop growth,rice cultivar Zhunliangyou 608 was used to investigate the effects of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from lactic acid bacteria on biological traits of rice seedlings and physicochemical properties of rice rhizosphere soil. It was shown that application of EPS could promote the growth of rice seedlings and improve rhizosphere soil environment,enhance soil structure,improve soil aggregate stability,mitigate soil acidification,increase soil enzyme activities,and improve soil nutrients. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that the mechanism of rice growth promotion by exopolysaccharides was different from that by glucose. The exopolysaccharides of lactic acid bacteria could be used as a new plant growth regulator.
引文
[1]COMPANT S,CLMENT C,SESSITSCH A.Plant growthpromoting bacteria in the rhizo-and endosphere of plants:their role,colonization,mechanisms involved and prospects for utilization[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(5):669-678.
[2]HARDOIM P R,VAN OVERBEEK L S,VAN ELSAS J D.Properties of bacterial endophytes and their proposed role in plant growth[J].Trends in Microbiology,2008,16(10):463-471.
[3]SANDHYA V,ALI S Z.The production of exopolysaccharide by Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45 under various abiotic stress conditions and its role in soil aggregation[J].Microbiology,2015,84(4):512-519.
[4]闫亚南.产胞外多糖植物促生菌对小麦高效利用钾肥的影响及机制研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.YAN Y N.Effect of polysaccharide-producing plant growthpromoting bacteria on potassium unitization of wheat and the mechanism[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]XU Y,ROSSI F,COLICA G,et al.Use of cyanobacterial polysaccharides to promote shrub performances in desert soils:a potential approach for the restoration of desertified areas[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2013,49(2):143-152.
[6]马晓颖,杨镇,宋艳雨,等.不同微生物多糖对植物生长和植保素累积的影响[J].辽宁农业科学,2016(2):23-26.MA X Y,YANG Z,SONG Y Y,et al.The effects of different kinds of microbial polysaccharides on plant growth and phytoalexin accumulation[J].Liaoning Agricultural Sciences,2016(2):23-26.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]YANG Z,LI S,ZHANG X,et al.Capsular and slime-polysaccharide production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus JAAS8 isolated from Chinese sauerkraut:potential application in fermented milk products[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2010,110(1):53-57.
[8]RIMADA P S,ABRAHAM A G.Comparative study of different methodologies to determine the exopolysaccharide produced by kefir grains in milk and whey[J].Le Lait,2003,83(1):79-87.
[9]周虎,吕贻忠,杨志臣,等.保护性耕作对华北平原土壤团聚体特征的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(9):1973-1979.ZHOU H,LY Z,YANG Z C,et al.Effects of conservation tillage on soil aggregates in Huabei Plain,China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2007,40(9):1973-1979.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]上官王丽.产胞外多糖细菌多样性及其对土壤团聚体形成作用的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2013.SHANGGUAN W L.The diversity of exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria and their effects on aggregation in soils[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:25-114.
[12]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:274-340.
[13]杨兰芳,曾巧,李海波,等.紫外分光光度法测定土壤过氧化氢酶活性[J].土壤通报,2011,42(1):207-210.YANG L F,ZENG Q,LI H B,et al.Measurement of catalase activity in soil by ultraviolet spectrophotometry[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2011,42(1):207-210.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]吕虹瑞,吕俊平,刘琪,等.太原汾河蓄水区2014年丰水期叶绿素的时空变化及环境因子相关性分析[J].水生生物学报,2016,40(6):1278-1286.LH R,LJ P,LIU Q,et al.Temporal and spatial variation of chlorophyll and the correlation analysis with environmental factors in the Taiyuan Fenhe Water Reserve area in flooding season in 2014[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2016,40(6):1278-1286.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]ROLLAND F,MOORE B,SHEEN J.Sugar sensing and signaling in plants[J].The Plant Cell,2002,14(Suppl.):S185-S205.
[16]PRAXEDES S C,DAMATTA F M,LOUREIRO M E,et al.Effects of long-term soil drought on photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in mature robusta coffee(Coffea canephora Pierre var.kouillou)leaves[J].Environmental&Experimental Botany,2006,56(3):263-273.
[17]赵莹,杨克军,赵长江,等.外源糖调控玉米光合系统和活性氧代谢缓解盐胁迫[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(20):3962-3972.ZHAO Y,YANG K J,ZHAO C J,et al.Alleviation of the adverse effects of salt stress by regulating photosynthetic system and active oxygen metabolism in maize seedlings[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(20):3962-3972.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]王玉萍,于丹,李成,等.壳聚糖对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):180-185.WANG Y P,YU D,LI C,et al.Effect of chitosan on seed germination and seedling physiological characters of wheat under salt stress[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2016,34(1):180-185.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]李建伟,于立河,郭伟,等.外源糖氮调控对春小麦花后旗叶光合特性和物质转运的影响[J].作物杂志,2015(2):107-110.LI J W,YU L H,GUO W,et al.Effects of exogenous sugar and nitrogen on photosynthetic characteristics and assimilate translocation in flag leaf post-anthesis of spring wheat[J].Crops,2015(2):107-110.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]胡梦芸,李辉,张颖君,等.水分胁迫下葡萄糖对小麦幼苗光合作用和相关生理特性的影响[J].作物学报,2009,35(4):724-732.HU M Y,LI H,ZHANG Y J,et al.Photosynthesis and related physiological characteristics affected by exogenous glucose in wheat seedlings under water stress[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2009,35(4):724-732.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]周文杰,张鹏,秦嗣军,等.添加葡萄糖和淀粉对盆栽甜樱桃根区土壤碳代谢及根功能的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(11):3300-3308.ZHOU W J,ZHANG P,QIN S J,et al.Effects of exogenous glucose and starch on soil carbon metabolism of root zone and root function in potted sweet cherry[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(11):3300-3308.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]艾雪.沙漠结皮中耐盐碱细菌的分离及其固沙特性研究[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2015.AI X.Isolation of saline-alkali-tolerant bacterial strains from desert crust and its characteristics in sand fixation[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]曾勇军,周庆红,吕伟生,等.土壤酸化对双季早、晚稻产量的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(5):899-907.ZENG Y J,ZHOU Q H,LW S,et al.Effects of soil acidification on the yield of double season rice[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2014,40(5):899-907.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]陈平平,郭莉莉,唐利忠,等.土壤pH对不同酸性敏感型水稻品种氮利用效率与根际土壤生物学特性的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(4):757-767.CHEN P P,GUO L L,TANG L Z,et al.Effect of soil pHon nitrogen utilization efficiency and biological characters of rhizosphere soil of rice varieties with different acid-sensitivity[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2017,31(4):757-767.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]崔文明.乙酰化葡萄糖对盐碱土理化性质及作物生长影响机制的研究[D].太谷:山西农业大学,2015.CUI W M.The influence of acetyl glucose on saline alkali soil physical and chemical properties and crop growth[D].Taigu:Shanxi Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]刘学东,陈林,杨新国,等.放牧与围栏对荒漠草原土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2016,28(8):1389-1395.LIU X D,CHEN L,YANG X G,et al.Effects of grazing and fencing on nutrients and enzyme activities in desert steppe soil[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2016,28(8):1389-1395.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]陈心想,耿增超,王森,等.施用生物炭后塿土土壤微生物及酶活性变化特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(4):751-758.CHEN X X,GENG Z C,WANG S,et al.Effects of biochar amendment on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in loess soil[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2014,33(4):751-758.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]孙姗姗.水分胁迫下糖类浸种对玉米萌发及根际微生物的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2016.SUN S S.Under water stress carbohydrate soaking on germination of maize and rhizosphere microorganisms[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]HARDOIM P R,VAN OVERBEEK L S,VAN ELSAS J D.Properties of bacterial endophytes and their proposed role in plant growth[J].Trends in Microbiology,2008,16(10):463-471.
[3]SANDHYA V,ALI S Z.The production of exopolysaccharide by Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45 under various abiotic stress conditions and its role in soil aggregation[J].Microbiology,2015,84(4):512-519.
[4]闫亚南.产胞外多糖植物促生菌对小麦高效利用钾肥的影响及机制研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.YAN Y N.Effect of polysaccharide-producing plant growthpromoting bacteria on potassium unitization of wheat and the mechanism[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]XU Y,ROSSI F,COLICA G,et al.Use of cyanobacterial polysaccharides to promote shrub performances in desert soils:a potential approach for the restoration of desertified areas[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2013,49(2):143-152.
[6]马晓颖,杨镇,宋艳雨,等.不同微生物多糖对植物生长和植保素累积的影响[J].辽宁农业科学,2016(2):23-26.MA X Y,YANG Z,SONG Y Y,et al.The effects of different kinds of microbial polysaccharides on plant growth and phytoalexin accumulation[J].Liaoning Agricultural Sciences,2016(2):23-26.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]YANG Z,LI S,ZHANG X,et al.Capsular and slime-polysaccharide production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus JAAS8 isolated from Chinese sauerkraut:potential application in fermented milk products[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2010,110(1):53-57.
[8]RIMADA P S,ABRAHAM A G.Comparative study of different methodologies to determine the exopolysaccharide produced by kefir grains in milk and whey[J].Le Lait,2003,83(1):79-87.
[9]周虎,吕贻忠,杨志臣,等.保护性耕作对华北平原土壤团聚体特征的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(9):1973-1979.ZHOU H,LY Z,YANG Z C,et al.Effects of conservation tillage on soil aggregates in Huabei Plain,China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2007,40(9):1973-1979.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]上官王丽.产胞外多糖细菌多样性及其对土壤团聚体形成作用的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2013.SHANGGUAN W L.The diversity of exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria and their effects on aggregation in soils[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:25-114.
[12]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:274-340.
[13]杨兰芳,曾巧,李海波,等.紫外分光光度法测定土壤过氧化氢酶活性[J].土壤通报,2011,42(1):207-210.YANG L F,ZENG Q,LI H B,et al.Measurement of catalase activity in soil by ultraviolet spectrophotometry[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2011,42(1):207-210.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]吕虹瑞,吕俊平,刘琪,等.太原汾河蓄水区2014年丰水期叶绿素的时空变化及环境因子相关性分析[J].水生生物学报,2016,40(6):1278-1286.LH R,LJ P,LIU Q,et al.Temporal and spatial variation of chlorophyll and the correlation analysis with environmental factors in the Taiyuan Fenhe Water Reserve area in flooding season in 2014[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2016,40(6):1278-1286.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]ROLLAND F,MOORE B,SHEEN J.Sugar sensing and signaling in plants[J].The Plant Cell,2002,14(Suppl.):S185-S205.
[16]PRAXEDES S C,DAMATTA F M,LOUREIRO M E,et al.Effects of long-term soil drought on photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in mature robusta coffee(Coffea canephora Pierre var.kouillou)leaves[J].Environmental&Experimental Botany,2006,56(3):263-273.
[17]赵莹,杨克军,赵长江,等.外源糖调控玉米光合系统和活性氧代谢缓解盐胁迫[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(20):3962-3972.ZHAO Y,YANG K J,ZHAO C J,et al.Alleviation of the adverse effects of salt stress by regulating photosynthetic system and active oxygen metabolism in maize seedlings[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(20):3962-3972.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]王玉萍,于丹,李成,等.壳聚糖对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):180-185.WANG Y P,YU D,LI C,et al.Effect of chitosan on seed germination and seedling physiological characters of wheat under salt stress[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2016,34(1):180-185.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]李建伟,于立河,郭伟,等.外源糖氮调控对春小麦花后旗叶光合特性和物质转运的影响[J].作物杂志,2015(2):107-110.LI J W,YU L H,GUO W,et al.Effects of exogenous sugar and nitrogen on photosynthetic characteristics and assimilate translocation in flag leaf post-anthesis of spring wheat[J].Crops,2015(2):107-110.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]胡梦芸,李辉,张颖君,等.水分胁迫下葡萄糖对小麦幼苗光合作用和相关生理特性的影响[J].作物学报,2009,35(4):724-732.HU M Y,LI H,ZHANG Y J,et al.Photosynthesis and related physiological characteristics affected by exogenous glucose in wheat seedlings under water stress[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2009,35(4):724-732.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]周文杰,张鹏,秦嗣军,等.添加葡萄糖和淀粉对盆栽甜樱桃根区土壤碳代谢及根功能的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(11):3300-3308.ZHOU W J,ZHANG P,QIN S J,et al.Effects of exogenous glucose and starch on soil carbon metabolism of root zone and root function in potted sweet cherry[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(11):3300-3308.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]艾雪.沙漠结皮中耐盐碱细菌的分离及其固沙特性研究[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2015.AI X.Isolation of saline-alkali-tolerant bacterial strains from desert crust and its characteristics in sand fixation[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]曾勇军,周庆红,吕伟生,等.土壤酸化对双季早、晚稻产量的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(5):899-907.ZENG Y J,ZHOU Q H,LW S,et al.Effects of soil acidification on the yield of double season rice[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2014,40(5):899-907.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]陈平平,郭莉莉,唐利忠,等.土壤pH对不同酸性敏感型水稻品种氮利用效率与根际土壤生物学特性的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(4):757-767.CHEN P P,GUO L L,TANG L Z,et al.Effect of soil pHon nitrogen utilization efficiency and biological characters of rhizosphere soil of rice varieties with different acid-sensitivity[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2017,31(4):757-767.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]崔文明.乙酰化葡萄糖对盐碱土理化性质及作物生长影响机制的研究[D].太谷:山西农业大学,2015.CUI W M.The influence of acetyl glucose on saline alkali soil physical and chemical properties and crop growth[D].Taigu:Shanxi Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]刘学东,陈林,杨新国,等.放牧与围栏对荒漠草原土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2016,28(8):1389-1395.LIU X D,CHEN L,YANG X G,et al.Effects of grazing and fencing on nutrients and enzyme activities in desert steppe soil[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2016,28(8):1389-1395.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]陈心想,耿增超,王森,等.施用生物炭后塿土土壤微生物及酶活性变化特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(4):751-758.CHEN X X,GENG Z C,WANG S,et al.Effects of biochar amendment on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in loess soil[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2014,33(4):751-758.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]孙姗姗.水分胁迫下糖类浸种对玉米萌发及根际微生物的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2016.SUN S S.Under water stress carbohydrate soaking on germination of maize and rhizosphere microorganisms[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)