林火对北京平谷区油松林土壤化学性质的影响
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摘要
【目的】以北京平谷区油松林火烧迹地为研究对象,通过在不同火烧强度下养分含量、相关性关系以及主要养分比值的分析,探讨林火对北京平谷区油松林土壤化学性质的影响,以了解火烧后土壤养分资源的重新配置及其空间性差异,对火烧迹地的植被恢复和管理提供参考。【方法】按照过火强度,划分轻度火烧(L)、中度火烧(M)、重度火烧(H)3个强度的林地作为研究样地,选择相邻未过火林地(C)作为对照样地。调查和测定火灾发生后0.5年的0～10 cm、10～20 cm、20～30 cm的土壤养分含量,采用单因素、双因素方差分析、相关性分析、LSD事后检验,研究不同火烧强度下土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、速效氮(AN)、铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)、硝态氮(NO_3~--N)、全钾(TK)、速效钾(AK)、全磷(TP)、速效磷(AP)含量、碳氮比(C/N)、氮磷比(N/P)的变化。【结果】(1)不同火烧强度在相同土层下,林火对TN影响不显著(P>0.05),对TP影响显著(P<0.05),对其他所有指标影响极显著(P<0.01);不同土层下,林火对TK影响不显著,对其他所有指标影响极显著(P<0.01);各土壤养分在土壤中呈垂直分布特点。(2)火烧使土壤SOC、TN、AN含量呈现明显下降趋势,使TP、AP,TK,AK含量整体呈现增加趋势。(3)轻度过火使土壤NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N含量下降;中度过火使土壤表层NH_4~+-N含量升高、NO_3~--N含量下降,下层NH_4~+-N含量下降、NO_3~--N含量升高;重度过火使土壤NH_4~+-N含量升高,土壤表层NO_3~--N含量升高,下层NO_3~--N含量下降。(4)主要元素C、N、P三者之间相关性极显著(P<0.01),TK与其他土壤养分相关性较不明显(P>0.05)。(5)C/N比在轻中度过火后少量下降,在重度过火后上升。N/P过火后皆下降,且过火前随土层深度增加,过火后相反,随土层深度降低。【结论】林火对土壤化学性质的影响极其重要,相同强度火烧会对不同土层土壤化学性质影响有区别,不同强度火烧使各土壤化学性质产生显著变化,对土壤养分资源的重新配置产生重要影响。
[Objective] Based on the analysis of nutrient content,correlation and main nutrient ratio under different fire intensities in Beijing Pinggu District,the effects of forest fire on soil chemical properties of Pinus tabuliformis forest in Pinggu District,Beijing were studied. The reconfiguration of soil nutrient resources and their spatial differences provided a theoretical reference for vegetation restoration and management in burned areas. [Method] According to the fire intensity,the forest areas with lightintensity( L),moderate fire( M) and heavy fire( H) were divided into research sites,and adjacent unfired forest land( C) was selected as control. The soil nutrient content of 0-10 cm,10-20 cm,20-30 cm after 0. 5 year fire was investigated and determined. The analysis method used single factor,twoway ANOVA,correlation analysis,and LSD post-test to research soil organic carbon( SOC),total nitrogen( TN),available nitrogen( AN),ammonium nitrogen( NH+4-N),nitrate nitrogen( NO-3-N),total potassium( TK),available potassium( AK),total phosphorus( TP),available phosphorus( AP)content,carbon to nitrogen ratio( C/N),nitrogen to phosphorus ratio( N/P) under different fire effects.[Result]( 1) In the same soil layer under different fire intensities,the forest fire had no significant effect on TN( P > 0. 05),and had significant effect on TP( P < 0. 05),and had extremely significant influence on all other indexes( P < 0. 01). Under varied soil layers,the impact of forest fire on TK was not significant,and the impact on all other indexes was extremely significant( P < 0. 01); all the soil nutrients were vertically distributed in the soil;( 2) The burned fire made the soil SOC,TN,AN content showed a significant downward trend,and the TP,AP,TK,AK content showed an overall increase trend;( 3) The slight over-fire caused the soil NH+4-N and NO-3-N content to decrease; the moderate over-fire caused the soil surface NH+4-N content to increase,the NO-3-N content to decrease,the lower layer NH+4-N content to decrease,and NO-3-N content increased; severe over-fire increased the content of NH+4-N in the soil and the content of NO-3-N in the soil surface,and the content of NO-3-N in the lower layer decreased.( 4) The correlations between the main elements C,N and P were extremely significant( P < 0. 01),and the correlations between TK and other soil nutrients were not obvious( P >0. 05).( 5) The C/N ratio decreased slightly after a mild to moderate over-fire,and rised after a severe over-fire. N/P decreased after over-fire,and the depth of soil layer increased before the over-fire,and vice versa after the over-fire,with the depth of soil layer decreased. [Conclusion] Forest fire has significant effects on soil chemical properties,and same fire intensity has varied effects on the soil chemical properties in different soil layers. Different fire intensities can cause significant changes in each soil chemical properties,and have important effects on the reconfiguration of soil nutrient resource.
[Objective] Based on the analysis of nutrient content,correlation and main nutrient ratio under different fire intensities in Beijing Pinggu District,the effects of forest fire on soil chemical properties of Pinus tabuliformis forest in Pinggu District,Beijing were studied. The reconfiguration of soil nutrient resources and their spatial differences provided a theoretical reference for vegetation restoration and management in burned areas. [Method] According to the fire intensity,the forest areas with lightintensity( L),moderate fire( M) and heavy fire( H) were divided into research sites,and adjacent unfired forest land( C) was selected as control. The soil nutrient content of 0-10 cm,10-20 cm,20-30 cm after 0. 5 year fire was investigated and determined. The analysis method used single factor,twoway ANOVA,correlation analysis,and LSD post-test to research soil organic carbon( SOC),total nitrogen( TN),available nitrogen( AN),ammonium nitrogen( NH+4-N),nitrate nitrogen( NO-3-N),total potassium( TK),available potassium( AK),total phosphorus( TP),available phosphorus( AP)content,carbon to nitrogen ratio( C/N),nitrogen to phosphorus ratio( N/P) under different fire effects.[Result]( 1) In the same soil layer under different fire intensities,the forest fire had no significant effect on TN( P > 0. 05),and had significant effect on TP( P < 0. 05),and had extremely significant influence on all other indexes( P < 0. 01). Under varied soil layers,the impact of forest fire on TK was not significant,and the impact on all other indexes was extremely significant( P < 0. 01); all the soil nutrients were vertically distributed in the soil;( 2) The burned fire made the soil SOC,TN,AN content showed a significant downward trend,and the TP,AP,TK,AK content showed an overall increase trend;( 3) The slight over-fire caused the soil NH+4-N and NO-3-N content to decrease; the moderate over-fire caused the soil surface NH+4-N content to increase,the NO-3-N content to decrease,the lower layer NH+4-N content to decrease,and NO-3-N content increased; severe over-fire increased the content of NH+4-N in the soil and the content of NO-3-N in the soil surface,and the content of NO-3-N in the lower layer decreased.( 4) The correlations between the main elements C,N and P were extremely significant( P < 0. 01),and the correlations between TK and other soil nutrients were not obvious( P >0. 05).( 5) The C/N ratio decreased slightly after a mild to moderate over-fire,and rised after a severe over-fire. N/P decreased after over-fire,and the depth of soil layer increased before the over-fire,and vice versa after the over-fire,with the depth of soil layer decreased. [Conclusion] Forest fire has significant effects on soil chemical properties,and same fire intensity has varied effects on the soil chemical properties in different soil layers. Different fire intensities can cause significant changes in each soil chemical properties,and have important effects on the reconfiguration of soil nutrient resource.
引文
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