两种景天修复Cd/Zn污染土壤效果的比较
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摘要
为对比研究重金属超富集植物东南景天与伴矿景天对酸性Cd/Zn污染土壤的提取修复效果,利用盆栽及田间试验同时种植两种景天。结果表明,(1)盆栽试验为期两年,种植东南景天的土壤Cd质量分数从3.51 mg·kg~(-1)降到0.46 mg·kg~(-1),土壤Zn质量分数从865 mg·kg~(-1)降为516 mg·kg~(-1);种植伴矿景天的土壤Cd质量分数从3.44 mg·kg~(-1)降到0.55 mg·kg~(-1),土壤Zn质量分数从852 mg·kg~(-1)降为577 mg·kg~(-1)。(2)田间试验为期一年,韶关种植东南景天的土壤Cd质量分数从1.38 mg·kg~(-1)降为1.07 mg·kg~(-1),土壤Zn质量分数从501 mg·kg~(-1)降为462 mg·kg~(-1);种植伴矿景天的土壤Cd质量分数从1.71 mg·kg~(-1)降为0.93 mg·kg~(-1),土壤Zn质量分数从585 mg·kg~(-1)降为505 mg·kg~(-1)。(3)在室内盆栽条件下,每年秋季种植的东南景天产量显著高于伴矿景天;东莞和韶关的伴矿景天在野外环境下均比东南景天具有更好的适应性及生长能力,生物产量远高于东南景天。(4)在盆栽试验条件下,东南景天重金属Cd、Zn修复能力与效果优于伴矿景天;而在野外田间试验条件下,伴矿景天对Cd、Zn的提取修复效果优于东南景天。综上,东南景天与伴矿景天对酸性Cd/Zn复合污染土壤均具有很好的提取修复效果。本研究对酸性Cd/Zn污染土壤的植物提取修复技术具有一定的参考意义。
In order to study the phytoremediation of hyperaccumulators Sedum alfredii and Sedum plumbizincicola on Cd/Zn contaminated soil and contrast the effects, pot and field experiments were conducted. Results showed that:(1) After two years of pot experiment, the mass fraction of Cd in Sedum alfredii planted soil decreased from 3.51 mg·kg~(-1) to 0.46 mg·kg~(-1) and the mass fraction of Zn in soil decreased from 865 mg·kg~(-1) to 516 mg·kg~(-1). Meanwhile, the mass fraction of Cd in Sedum plumbizincicola planted soil decreased from 3.44 mg·kg~(-1) to 0.55 mg·kg~(-1) and the mass fraction of Zn in soil decreased from 852 mg·kg~(-1) to 577 mg·kg~(-1).(2)After one year of field experiment in Shaoguan, the mass fraction of Cd in Sedum alfredii planted soil decreased from 1.38 mg·kg~(-1) to1.07 mg·kg~(-1) and the mass fraction of Zn in soil decreased from 501 mg·kg~(-1) to 462 mg·kg~(-1). Meanwhile, the mass fraction of Cd in Sedum plumbizincicola planted soil decreased from 1.71 mg·kg~(-1) to 0.93 mg·kg~(-1) and the mass fraction of Zn in soil decreased from585 mg·kg~(-1) to 505 mg·kg~(-1).(3) The biomass production of Sedum alfredii was significantly higher than that of Sedum plumbizincicola( shoots) every autumn in pot experiment. However, the result was opposite in field experiment, because Sedum plumbizincicola had better adaptability and growth ability than Sedum alfredii in Shaoguan and Dongguan field. And(4) remediation efficiency of Sedum alfredii was better than Sedum plumbizincicola in the pot experiment, but the result was opposite in field.Summing up, both Sedum alfredii and Sedum plumbizincicola had good phytoremediation effects on Cd/Zn contaminated soil. This study has reference significance for phytoremediation technology of acidic Cd/Zn contaminated soil.
In order to study the phytoremediation of hyperaccumulators Sedum alfredii and Sedum plumbizincicola on Cd/Zn contaminated soil and contrast the effects, pot and field experiments were conducted. Results showed that:(1) After two years of pot experiment, the mass fraction of Cd in Sedum alfredii planted soil decreased from 3.51 mg·kg~(-1) to 0.46 mg·kg~(-1) and the mass fraction of Zn in soil decreased from 865 mg·kg~(-1) to 516 mg·kg~(-1). Meanwhile, the mass fraction of Cd in Sedum plumbizincicola planted soil decreased from 3.44 mg·kg~(-1) to 0.55 mg·kg~(-1) and the mass fraction of Zn in soil decreased from 852 mg·kg~(-1) to 577 mg·kg~(-1).(2)After one year of field experiment in Shaoguan, the mass fraction of Cd in Sedum alfredii planted soil decreased from 1.38 mg·kg~(-1) to1.07 mg·kg~(-1) and the mass fraction of Zn in soil decreased from 501 mg·kg~(-1) to 462 mg·kg~(-1). Meanwhile, the mass fraction of Cd in Sedum plumbizincicola planted soil decreased from 1.71 mg·kg~(-1) to 0.93 mg·kg~(-1) and the mass fraction of Zn in soil decreased from585 mg·kg~(-1) to 505 mg·kg~(-1).(3) The biomass production of Sedum alfredii was significantly higher than that of Sedum plumbizincicola( shoots) every autumn in pot experiment. However, the result was opposite in field experiment, because Sedum plumbizincicola had better adaptability and growth ability than Sedum alfredii in Shaoguan and Dongguan field. And(4) remediation efficiency of Sedum alfredii was better than Sedum plumbizincicola in the pot experiment, but the result was opposite in field.Summing up, both Sedum alfredii and Sedum plumbizincicola had good phytoremediation effects on Cd/Zn contaminated soil. This study has reference significance for phytoremediation technology of acidic Cd/Zn contaminated soil.
引文
DENG L,LI Z,WANG J,et al.,2016.Long-term field phytoextraction of zinc/cadmium contaminated soil by sedum plumbizincicola under different agronomic strategies[J].International Journal of Phytoremediation,18(2):134-140.
LI Z,WU L H,HU P J,et al.,2014.Repeated phytoextraction of four metal-contaminated soils using the cadmium/zinc hyperaccumulator sedum plumbizincicola[J].Environmental Pollution,189:176-183.
MCGRATH S P,ZHAO F J,2003.Phytoextraction of metals and metalloids from contaminated soils[J].Current Opinion in biotechnology,14(3):227-282.
RASCIO N,NAVARI-IZZO F,2011.Heavy metal hyperaccumulating plants:how and why do they do it?And what makes them so interesting?[J].Plant Science,180(2):169-181.
鲍士旦,2000.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社.BAO S D,2000.Analysis of agrochemical soil[M].Third Edition.Beijing:China Agricultural Press.
韩存亮,黄泽宏,肖荣波,等,2018.粤北某矿区周边镉锌污染稻田土壤田间植物修复研究[J].生态环境学报,27(1):158-165.HAN C L,HUANG Z H,XIAO R B,et al.,2018.Field phytoremediation of cadmium and zinc contaminated paddy soil around a mining area in Northern Guangdong Province[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,27(1):158-165.
李盛,2013.镉超富集植物伴矿景天基因SpHMA2功能分析[D].太谷:山西农业大学.LI S,2013.The functional analysis of Cadmium-hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola gene SpHMA2[D].Taigu:Shanxi Agricultural University.
李思亮,李娜,徐礼生,等,2010.不同生境下锌镉在伴矿景天不同叶龄叶中的富集与分布特征[J].土壤,42(3):446-452.LI S L,LI N,XU L S,et al.,2010.Characters of Zn and Cd Accumulation and Distribution in Leaves of Sedum plumbizincicola at Different Ages[J].Soils,42(3):446-452.
刘玲,吴龙华,李娜,等,2009.种植密度对镉锌污染土壤伴矿景天植物修复效率的影响[J].环境科学,30(11):3422-3426.LIU L,WU L H,LI N,et al.,2009.Effect of Planting Densities on Yields and Zinc and Cadmium Uptake by Sedum plumbizincicola[J].Environmental Science,30(11):3422-3426.
刘朋,黄小宇,杨大力,等,2018.东南景天玉米轮作体系中黑网或黑膜覆盖对植物生长和镉锌含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,37(7):1545-1550.LIU P,HUANG X Y,YANG D L,et al.,2018.Effect of black-net or black-film coverage on plant growth and Cd and Zn contents in Sedum alfredii and corn rotation[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,37(7):1545-1550.
刘维明,黄增,邓超冰,等,2016.大环江流域重金属污染土壤的3种修复技术研究[J].江西农业学报,28(10):94-97.LIU W M,HUANG Z,DENG C B,et al.,2016.Study on Three Kinds of Remediation Technologies for Heavy-metal-contaminated Soil in Dahuanjiang River Basin[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,28(10):94-97.
骆永明,吴龙华,胡鹏杰,等,2015.镉锌污染土壤的超积累植物修复研究[M].北京:科学出版社.LUO Y M,WU L H,HU P J,et al.,2015.Hyperaccumulator phytoremediation of cadmium and zinc contaminated soil[M].Beijing:Science Press.
生态环境部,国家市场监督管理总局,2018.GB 15618,土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社:2.Ministry of Ecology and Environment,State Administration for Market Regulation,2018.GB 15618,Soil environmental quality risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land[M].Beijin:China Environmental Science Press:2
王丽丽,周通,李柱,等,2017.土壤紧实度对伴矿景天生长及镉锌吸收性的影响研究[J].土壤,49(5):951-957.WANG L L,ZHOU T,LI Z,et al.,2017.Effects of Soil Compaction on Phytoextraction of Cadmium and Zinc Polluted Soils by Sedum plumbizincicola[J].Soils,49(5):951-957.
吴龙华,周守标,毕德,等,2006.中国景天科植物一新种-伴矿景天[J].土壤,38(5):632-633.WU L H,ZHOU S B,BI D,et al.,2006.Sedum plumbizincicola,ANew Species of the Crassulaceae from Zhejiang,China[J].Soils,38(5):632-633.
熊愈辉,杨肖娥,叶正钱,等,2004.东南景天对镉、铅的生长反应与积累特性比较[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),32(6):101-106.XIONG Y H,YANG X E,YE Z Q,et al.,2004.Comparing the characteristics of growth response and accumulation of cadmium and lead by Sedum alfredii Hance[J].Journal of Northwest A&FUniversity(Natural Science Edition),32(6):101-106.
杨肖娥,龙新宪,倪吾钟,等,2002.东南景天(Sedum alfredii):一种新的锌超积累植物[J].科学通报,47(13):1003-1006.YANG X E,LONG X X,NI W Z,et al.,2002.Sedum alfredii H:Anew Zn hyperaccumulating plant first found in China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,47(13):1003-1006.
周东美,郝秀珍,薛艳,等,2004.污染土壤的修复技术研究进展[J].生态环境,13(2):234-242.ZHOU D M,HAO X Z,XUE Y,et al.,2004.Advances in remediation technologies of contaminated soils[J].Ecology and Environment,13(2):234-242.
周建利,邵乐,朱凰榕,等,2014.间套种及化学强化修复重金属污染酸性土壤:长期田间试验[J].土壤学报,51(5):1056-1065.ZHOU J L,SHAO L,ZHU H R,et al.,2014.Phytoremediation of Inter-cropping with Chemical Enhancement of Heavy-MetalContaminated Acid Soil:A Long-Term Field Experiment[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,51(5):1056-1065.
LI Z,WU L H,HU P J,et al.,2014.Repeated phytoextraction of four metal-contaminated soils using the cadmium/zinc hyperaccumulator sedum plumbizincicola[J].Environmental Pollution,189:176-183.
MCGRATH S P,ZHAO F J,2003.Phytoextraction of metals and metalloids from contaminated soils[J].Current Opinion in biotechnology,14(3):227-282.
RASCIO N,NAVARI-IZZO F,2011.Heavy metal hyperaccumulating plants:how and why do they do it?And what makes them so interesting?[J].Plant Science,180(2):169-181.
鲍士旦,2000.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社.BAO S D,2000.Analysis of agrochemical soil[M].Third Edition.Beijing:China Agricultural Press.
韩存亮,黄泽宏,肖荣波,等,2018.粤北某矿区周边镉锌污染稻田土壤田间植物修复研究[J].生态环境学报,27(1):158-165.HAN C L,HUANG Z H,XIAO R B,et al.,2018.Field phytoremediation of cadmium and zinc contaminated paddy soil around a mining area in Northern Guangdong Province[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,27(1):158-165.
李盛,2013.镉超富集植物伴矿景天基因SpHMA2功能分析[D].太谷:山西农业大学.LI S,2013.The functional analysis of Cadmium-hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola gene SpHMA2[D].Taigu:Shanxi Agricultural University.
李思亮,李娜,徐礼生,等,2010.不同生境下锌镉在伴矿景天不同叶龄叶中的富集与分布特征[J].土壤,42(3):446-452.LI S L,LI N,XU L S,et al.,2010.Characters of Zn and Cd Accumulation and Distribution in Leaves of Sedum plumbizincicola at Different Ages[J].Soils,42(3):446-452.
刘玲,吴龙华,李娜,等,2009.种植密度对镉锌污染土壤伴矿景天植物修复效率的影响[J].环境科学,30(11):3422-3426.LIU L,WU L H,LI N,et al.,2009.Effect of Planting Densities on Yields and Zinc and Cadmium Uptake by Sedum plumbizincicola[J].Environmental Science,30(11):3422-3426.
刘朋,黄小宇,杨大力,等,2018.东南景天玉米轮作体系中黑网或黑膜覆盖对植物生长和镉锌含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,37(7):1545-1550.LIU P,HUANG X Y,YANG D L,et al.,2018.Effect of black-net or black-film coverage on plant growth and Cd and Zn contents in Sedum alfredii and corn rotation[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,37(7):1545-1550.
刘维明,黄增,邓超冰,等,2016.大环江流域重金属污染土壤的3种修复技术研究[J].江西农业学报,28(10):94-97.LIU W M,HUANG Z,DENG C B,et al.,2016.Study on Three Kinds of Remediation Technologies for Heavy-metal-contaminated Soil in Dahuanjiang River Basin[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,28(10):94-97.
骆永明,吴龙华,胡鹏杰,等,2015.镉锌污染土壤的超积累植物修复研究[M].北京:科学出版社.LUO Y M,WU L H,HU P J,et al.,2015.Hyperaccumulator phytoremediation of cadmium and zinc contaminated soil[M].Beijing:Science Press.
生态环境部,国家市场监督管理总局,2018.GB 15618,土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社:2.Ministry of Ecology and Environment,State Administration for Market Regulation,2018.GB 15618,Soil environmental quality risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land[M].Beijin:China Environmental Science Press:2
王丽丽,周通,李柱,等,2017.土壤紧实度对伴矿景天生长及镉锌吸收性的影响研究[J].土壤,49(5):951-957.WANG L L,ZHOU T,LI Z,et al.,2017.Effects of Soil Compaction on Phytoextraction of Cadmium and Zinc Polluted Soils by Sedum plumbizincicola[J].Soils,49(5):951-957.
吴龙华,周守标,毕德,等,2006.中国景天科植物一新种-伴矿景天[J].土壤,38(5):632-633.WU L H,ZHOU S B,BI D,et al.,2006.Sedum plumbizincicola,ANew Species of the Crassulaceae from Zhejiang,China[J].Soils,38(5):632-633.
熊愈辉,杨肖娥,叶正钱,等,2004.东南景天对镉、铅的生长反应与积累特性比较[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),32(6):101-106.XIONG Y H,YANG X E,YE Z Q,et al.,2004.Comparing the characteristics of growth response and accumulation of cadmium and lead by Sedum alfredii Hance[J].Journal of Northwest A&FUniversity(Natural Science Edition),32(6):101-106.
杨肖娥,龙新宪,倪吾钟,等,2002.东南景天(Sedum alfredii):一种新的锌超积累植物[J].科学通报,47(13):1003-1006.YANG X E,LONG X X,NI W Z,et al.,2002.Sedum alfredii H:Anew Zn hyperaccumulating plant first found in China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,47(13):1003-1006.
周东美,郝秀珍,薛艳,等,2004.污染土壤的修复技术研究进展[J].生态环境,13(2):234-242.ZHOU D M,HAO X Z,XUE Y,et al.,2004.Advances in remediation technologies of contaminated soils[J].Ecology and Environment,13(2):234-242.
周建利,邵乐,朱凰榕,等,2014.间套种及化学强化修复重金属污染酸性土壤:长期田间试验[J].土壤学报,51(5):1056-1065.ZHOU J L,SHAO L,ZHU H R,et al.,2014.Phytoremediation of Inter-cropping with Chemical Enhancement of Heavy-MetalContaminated Acid Soil:A Long-Term Field Experiment[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,51(5):1056-1065.