中国东海水体中多氯联苯的浓度及其组成特征
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摘要
东海由于受到长江和闽浙沿岸工业污水输入以及电子垃圾处理场排放的影响,被认为是多氯联苯重污染区域。本研究利用"科学三号"科学考察船,于2012年10月执行的东海航次期间,从中国东海不同区域采集到11个表层水样,测定其中溶解态多氯联苯的浓度。中国东海水体中多氯联苯浓度为(0.59～1.68)ng/L,相比国内外海域,属于中低等水平。研究结果表明,海水多氯联苯浓度和盐度之间存在显著负相关性,说明沿岸河流冲淡水搬运的多氯联苯是东海水体中多氯联苯的重要来源;此外其组成以三氯,四氯和五氯为主,这与我国历史上多氯联苯的使用情况吻合。通过水体中不同氯代化合物浓度和对应K_(OW)理论浓度值的比较发现,两者之间整体吻合较好,表明化合物的物理化学属性是控制其在水体中浓度的重要因素。然而,东海近岸水体中六氯联苯污染程度略高于理论浓度值,这一潜在的污染来源可能和东海沿岸省市电子垃圾处理场有关。
The East China Sea(ECS) is considered a heavily polluted area of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) due to the input of industrial wastewater from the Yangtze River,Fujian and Zhejiang coastal runoff and emissions from adjacent e-waste disposal sites.In this study,eleven surface water samples were collected from the ECS to determine the occurrence of PCBs in the seawater by the "Science III" scientific research ship during October 2012.The PCB concentrations of the water from ECS ranged from 0.59 to 1.68 ng/L,and the values were at a middle-low level compared with other studying areas.There was a significant negative correlation between concentration of PCBs and salinity,indicating that the coastal runoff was an important way for PCBs transport in the ECS.The profile of PCB homologues was dominated by less chlorinated compounds,i.e.tri-PCBs,tetra-PCBs and penta-PCBs,which related to the historical production and usage of PCBs in china.The concentrations of different PCB congeners were consistent with the theoretical ones which obtained from the Kow values,indicating the physicochemical properties was an important factor affecting the occurrence of PCBs in the water.Besides,a relatively higher abundance of hexa-PCBs was observed in the seawater from the ECS,hinting that the e-wastes treatment emissions from coastal areas might be a potential source.
The East China Sea(ECS) is considered a heavily polluted area of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) due to the input of industrial wastewater from the Yangtze River,Fujian and Zhejiang coastal runoff and emissions from adjacent e-waste disposal sites.In this study,eleven surface water samples were collected from the ECS to determine the occurrence of PCBs in the seawater by the "Science III" scientific research ship during October 2012.The PCB concentrations of the water from ECS ranged from 0.59 to 1.68 ng/L,and the values were at a middle-low level compared with other studying areas.There was a significant negative correlation between concentration of PCBs and salinity,indicating that the coastal runoff was an important way for PCBs transport in the ECS.The profile of PCB homologues was dominated by less chlorinated compounds,i.e.tri-PCBs,tetra-PCBs and penta-PCBs,which related to the historical production and usage of PCBs in china.The concentrations of different PCB congeners were consistent with the theoretical ones which obtained from the Kow values,indicating the physicochemical properties was an important factor affecting the occurrence of PCBs in the water.Besides,a relatively higher abundance of hexa-PCBs was observed in the seawater from the ECS,hinting that the e-wastes treatment emissions from coastal areas might be a potential source.
引文
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[19] 林田,马传良,王丽芳,等.滇池沉积物中多氯联苯和有机氯农药的残留特征与风险评估[J].地球与环境,2014,42(5):625-630.
[20] 李英明,江桂斌,王亚韡,等.电子垃圾拆解地大气中二噁英、多氯联苯、多溴联苯醚的污染水平及相分配规律[J].科学通报,2008,53(2):165-171.
[21] 杨彦,王宗庆,王琼,等.电子垃圾拆解场多环境介质多氯联苯(PCBs)污染特征及风险评估[J].生态毒理学报,2014,9(1):133-144.
[2] 刘敏霞,杨玉义,李庆孝,等.中国近海海洋环境多氯联苯(PCBs)污染现状及影响因素[J].环境科学,2013,34(8):3309-3315.
[3] 白红妍,韩彬,孙丕喜,等.桑沟湾水体中多氯联苯的时空分布特征[J].环境化学,2013,32(4):557-563.
[4] ZHANG L F,SHI S X,DONG L,et al.Concentrations and possible sources of polychlorinated biphenyls in the surface water of the Yangtze River Delta,China[J].Chemosphere,2011,85(3):399-405.
[5] 谭培功,赵仕兰,曾宪杰,等.莱州湾海域水体中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的浓度水平和分布特征[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2006,36(3):439-446.
[6] 张祖麟,陈伟琪,哈里德,等.九龙江口水体中多氯联苯的研究[J].云南环境科学,2000,19(S1):124-126,129.
[7] 罗慧,王新红,汤丽,等.中国部分沿海海域水体中溶解态有机氯农药和多氯联苯的残留分布特征[J].海洋环境科学,2010,29(1):115-120.
[8] YAN S,RODENBURG L A,DACHS J,et al.Seasonal air-water exchange fluxes of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Hudson River Estuary[J].Environmental Pollution,2008,152(2):443-451.
[9] ZHANG S Y,ZHANG Q,DARISAW S,et al.Simultaneous quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),polychzlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in Mississippi river water,in New Orleans,Louisiana,USA[J].Chemosphere,2007,66(6):1057-1069.
[10] HOWELL N L,SUAREZ M P,RIFAI H S,et al.Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water,sediment,and aquatic biota in the Houston Ship Channel,Texas[J].Chemosphere,2008,70(4):593-606.
[11] GARCíA-FLOR N,GUITART C,BODINEAU L,et al.Comparison of sampling devices for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in the sea surface microlayer[J].Marine Environmental Research,2005,59(3):255-275.
[12] HUANG Y M,LI J,XU Y,et al.Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the equatorial Indian Ocean:Temporal trend,continental outflow and air-water exchange[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,80(1/2):194-199.
[13] ZHANG L,LOHMANN R.Cycling of PCBs and HCB in the surface ocean-lower atmosphere of the open pacific[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2010,44(10):3832-3838.
[14] LIN T,HU L M,SHI X F,et al.Distribution and sources of organochlorine pesticides in sediments of the coastal East China Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin.2012,64(8):1549-1555.
[15] LI Y Y,LIN T,CHEN Y J,et al.Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sediments of the coastal East China Sea:Occurrence,distribution and mass inventory[J].Environmental Pollution,2012,171:155-161.
[16] HAN D M,CURRELL M J.Persistent organic pollutants in China's surface water systems[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,580:602-625.
[17] YUAN J T,YU S L,ZHANG T,et al.QSPR models for predicting generator-column-derived octanol/water and octanol/air partition coefficients of polychlorinated biphenyls[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2016,128:171-180.
[18] LI Z X,LIN T,LI Y Y,et al.Atmospheric deposition and air-sea gas exchange fluxes of DDT and HCH in the Yangtze River Estuary,East China Sea[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2017,122(14):7664-7677.
[19] 林田,马传良,王丽芳,等.滇池沉积物中多氯联苯和有机氯农药的残留特征与风险评估[J].地球与环境,2014,42(5):625-630.
[20] 李英明,江桂斌,王亚韡,等.电子垃圾拆解地大气中二噁英、多氯联苯、多溴联苯醚的污染水平及相分配规律[J].科学通报,2008,53(2):165-171.
[21] 杨彦,王宗庆,王琼,等.电子垃圾拆解场多环境介质多氯联苯(PCBs)污染特征及风险评估[J].生态毒理学报,2014,9(1):133-144.
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