复合固定硝化细菌降解小型景观水体中的氨氮
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摘要
以壳聚糖和聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混材料为基质,添加少量二氧化硅,包埋硝化菌制备固定化小球并通过正交实验探索得出其优化制备条件;探究了固定化硝化菌小球对模拟景观水中氨氮降解效果的影响,并对比游离菌的降解效果。结果表明,固定化硝化菌处理NH_4~+-N的质量浓度10 mg/L的模拟景观水中12 h,降解率在初次及重复使用1次的情况下均可达到94%以上。固定化菌株对温度、pH变化有着优良的耐受性且明显优于游离菌,其优化的固定化硝化菌小球质量与模拟景观水体积比为2 mg/100 mL,在温度30℃、pH为7、COD/ρ(TN)为2的条件下处理效果最好。测得其反应动力学符合Monod方程,其最大比降解速率为2.965μg/(L·s),饱和常数为60.49 mg/L。
Blending of chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) as substrates, a small amount of silica was added to immobilize nitrifying bacteria to prepare immobilized microspheres. The optimum preparation conditions and dosage were obtained by orthogonal experiment. The effect of immobilized nitrifying bacterial microspheres on ammonia nitrogen degradation in simulated landscape water was investigated, and compared with that of free bacteria. The results showed that the immobilized nitrifying bacterial could effectively remove ammonia nitrogen with mass concentration of 10 mg/L from landscape water in 12 h, and the degradation rate of ammonia nitrogen could reach over 94% under the condition of initial and repeated use. The immobilized nitrifying bacterial had the best effect when the ratio of immobilized nitrifying bacterial mass to simulated landscape water volume was 2 mg/100 mL,the temperature was 30℃, the p H was 7, and the COD/ρ(TN) was 2, their adaptability to temperature and pH was better than that of free bacteria. The reaction kinetics of immobilized nitrifying bacterial conformed to Monod equation, the maximum specific degradation rate was 2.965 μg/(L·s) and saturation constant was 60.49 mg/L.
Blending of chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) as substrates, a small amount of silica was added to immobilize nitrifying bacteria to prepare immobilized microspheres. The optimum preparation conditions and dosage were obtained by orthogonal experiment. The effect of immobilized nitrifying bacterial microspheres on ammonia nitrogen degradation in simulated landscape water was investigated, and compared with that of free bacteria. The results showed that the immobilized nitrifying bacterial could effectively remove ammonia nitrogen with mass concentration of 10 mg/L from landscape water in 12 h, and the degradation rate of ammonia nitrogen could reach over 94% under the condition of initial and repeated use. The immobilized nitrifying bacterial had the best effect when the ratio of immobilized nitrifying bacterial mass to simulated landscape water volume was 2 mg/100 mL,the temperature was 30℃, the p H was 7, and the COD/ρ(TN) was 2, their adaptability to temperature and pH was better than that of free bacteria. The reaction kinetics of immobilized nitrifying bacterial conformed to Monod equation, the maximum specific degradation rate was 2.965 μg/(L·s) and saturation constant was 60.49 mg/L.
引文
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[3]KISO Y,JUNG Y J,ICHINA RI T,et al.Wastewater treatment performance of a filtration bio-reactor equipped with a mesh as afilter material[J].Water Res,2000,34(17):4143-4150.
[4]申婷婷,李小明,岳秀.微生物固定化技术的研究及应用[J].广州化工,2011,39(20):3-5.
[5]SCHIPPER L A,MCGILL A.Nitrogen transformation in adenitrification layer irrigated with dairy factory effluent[J].Water Res,2008,42(1011):2457-2464.
[6]杨旭俊,蔡冠竟,郑伟,等.固定化微生物技术在受污养殖水体和水华水域生物修复中的应用[J].微生物学通报,2015,42(4):712-720.
[7]韩亚红,王红,段炼,等.CMC-膨润土固定高效菌降解对硝基苯酚的研究[J].非金属矿,2015,38(5):64-66.
[8]陈杰,汪霞,赵彬,等.A.faecalis strain N R的包埋固定及其氨氮降解性能[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(6):3303-3311.
[9]李建新,王磊,孙宏魏.纳米二氧化硅的制备、改性和在塑料中的应用[J].安阳工学院学报,2008(2):43-45.
[10]DONG YW,ZHANGYQ,TUBJ,et al.Immobilization ofammoniaoxidizing bacteria by calcium alginate[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,73:809-814.
[11]MA Z Q,H P S,WEN S Y.A study of dynamics of degradation of organic wastewater by effective microorganisms[J].Industrial Water and Wastewater,2004,35(5):6-8.
[12]HUANG H,XIAO X,YAN B,et al.Ammonium removal from aqueous solutions by using natural Chinese(Chende)zeolite as adsorbent[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,175(1/3):247-252.
[13]RUIZ-MARTINEZ A,SERRALTA J,SECO A,et al.Effect of temperature on ammonium removal in Scenedesmus sp.[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,191:346-349.
[14]地表水环境质量标准:GB 3838-2002[S].
[15]HUANG X,LI W,ZHANG D,et al.Ammonium removal by a novel oli-gotrophic Acinetobacter sp.Y16 capable of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification at low temperature[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,146:44-50.
[16]BAKER I A.Design consideration and applications for wetland treatment of high-nitrate water[J].Water Science and Technology,1998,38(1):389-395.