硒砂瓜连作对土壤真菌群落结构的影响
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摘要
硒砂瓜是宁夏地区重要的经济作物,其连作严重影响硒砂瓜产量和品质。目前硒砂瓜连作对土壤真菌群落结构的影响尚不清楚。本研究采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,探讨硒砂瓜连作对土壤真菌群落结构的影响。研究发现,硒砂瓜连作土壤中真菌群落多样性指数和丰富度指数随连作年限的增加先上升后下降。供试土壤样本中共检测到真菌8门、25纲、244属,其中子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、接合菌门(Zygomycota)是优势菌门,占90%以上。与对照相比,连作30年土壤中子囊菌门丰度下降32.51%,接合菌门丰度上升29.89%。供试土壤中真菌主要的优势属为被孢霉属(Mortierella)、绿僵菌属(Metarhiziun)、假霉样真菌属(Pseudallescheria)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)和青霉属(Penicillium)。与对照相比,连作5年土壤中假霉样真菌属丰度增加45.81%,连作10年土壤中镰刀菌属丰度增加26.74%,连作15年土壤中绿僵菌属下降26.83%,连作20年土壤中青霉属增加29.68%,连作25年土壤中绿僵菌属减少18.30%,连作30年土壤中被孢霉属丰度上升29.89%。土壤理化性质与硒砂瓜连作年限间无显著相关性,而与土壤真菌群落结构存在显著的相关性。土壤全磷、碱解氮、有效磷含量是影响土壤真菌群落最主要的因素。研究结果表明,导致硒砂瓜连作障碍的主要原因不是土壤理化性质变化,而是土壤真菌群落结构的改变。研究结果可为硒砂瓜土传病害的生物防治提供参考依据。
Selenium-melon is an important cash crop in Ningxia, but its yield and quality decrease when continuously cropped. The decrease may be related to soil fungal community changes that take place during continuous cropping, which was determined in this study. Soil samples from continuous cropping of selenium-melon were analyzed using Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing.The analysis showed that, after an initial increase, the diversity and density of the fungal community in the soil of continuous cropping decreased. Eight fungal phyla, 25 classes, and 244 genera were identified in the soil samples. Ascomycota and Zygomycota were the predominant phyla, accounting for > 90% of the fungi. The abundance decreased 32.51% for Ascomycota, but increased29.89% for Zygomycota, after 30 years of continuous cropping. The most predominant genera were Mortierella, Metarhiziun,Pseudallescheria, Fusarium, and Penicillium, and the abundance changes included a 45.81% increase for Pseudallescheria after 5 years, a 26.74% increase for Fusarium after 10 years, a 26.83% decrease for Metarhiziun after 15 years, a 29.68% increase for Penicillium after 20 years, a 18.30% decrease for Metarhiziun after 25 years, and a 29.89% increase for Mortierella after 30 years of continuous cropping. Soil physical and chemical properties were not related to years of continuous cropping, but affected the fungal community structure. Soil total phosphorus, alkaline nitrogen, and available phosphorus were the most influential factors for fungal genus changes. A significant positive correlation was observed between the abundance of Metarhizium and soil total potassium, between the abundance of Pseudomycetes and soil total phosphorus and available potassium, and between the abundance of Penicillium and soil pH, whereas a significant negative correlation was observed between the abundance of Fusarium and soil total phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen. Diminished production of selenium-melon in continuous cropping was related to soil fungal community changes rather than soil physicochemical properties, demonstrating that selenium-melon soil-borne diseases might be controlled through biological means.
Selenium-melon is an important cash crop in Ningxia, but its yield and quality decrease when continuously cropped. The decrease may be related to soil fungal community changes that take place during continuous cropping, which was determined in this study. Soil samples from continuous cropping of selenium-melon were analyzed using Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing.The analysis showed that, after an initial increase, the diversity and density of the fungal community in the soil of continuous cropping decreased. Eight fungal phyla, 25 classes, and 244 genera were identified in the soil samples. Ascomycota and Zygomycota were the predominant phyla, accounting for > 90% of the fungi. The abundance decreased 32.51% for Ascomycota, but increased29.89% for Zygomycota, after 30 years of continuous cropping. The most predominant genera were Mortierella, Metarhiziun,Pseudallescheria, Fusarium, and Penicillium, and the abundance changes included a 45.81% increase for Pseudallescheria after 5 years, a 26.74% increase for Fusarium after 10 years, a 26.83% decrease for Metarhiziun after 15 years, a 29.68% increase for Penicillium after 20 years, a 18.30% decrease for Metarhiziun after 25 years, and a 29.89% increase for Mortierella after 30 years of continuous cropping. Soil physical and chemical properties were not related to years of continuous cropping, but affected the fungal community structure. Soil total phosphorus, alkaline nitrogen, and available phosphorus were the most influential factors for fungal genus changes. A significant positive correlation was observed between the abundance of Metarhizium and soil total potassium, between the abundance of Pseudomycetes and soil total phosphorus and available potassium, and between the abundance of Penicillium and soil pH, whereas a significant negative correlation was observed between the abundance of Fusarium and soil total phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen. Diminished production of selenium-melon in continuous cropping was related to soil fungal community changes rather than soil physicochemical properties, demonstrating that selenium-melon soil-borne diseases might be controlled through biological means.
引文
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[11]单治彬,孔金玲,张永庭,等.面向对象的特色农作物种植遥感调查方法研究[J].地球信息科学学报,2018,20(10):1509-1519SHAN Z B,KONG J L,ZHANG Y T,et al.Remote sensing investigation method of object-oriented crops with special characteristics[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2018,20(10):1509-1519
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[18]王娟英,许佳慧,吴林坤,等.不同连作年限怀牛膝根际土壤理化性质及微生物多样性[J].生态学报,2017,37(17):5621-5629WANG J Y,XU J H,WU L K,et al.Analysis of physicochemical properties and microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil of Achyranthes bidentata under different cropping years[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(17):5621-5629
[19]阎海涛,殷全玉,丁松爽,等.生物炭对褐土理化特性及真菌群落结构的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(5):2412-2419YAN H T,YIN Q Y,DING S S,et al.Effect of biochar amendment on physicochemical properties and fungal community structures of cinnamon soil[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(5):2412-2419
[20]赵帆,赵密珍,王钰,等.不同连作年限草莓根际细菌和真菌多样性变化[J].微生物学通报,2017,44(6):1377-1386ZHAO F,ZHAO M Z,WANG Y,et al.Biodiversity of bacteria and fungi in rhizosphere of strawberry with different continuous cropping years[J].Microbiology China,2017,44(6):1377-1386
[21]MAZZOLA M,MANICI L M.Apple replant disease:Role of microbial ecology in cause and control[J].Annual Review of Phytopathology,2012,50:45-65
[22]康亚龙,孙文庆,刘建国,等.PLFA方法研究连作对加工番茄根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(4):594-604KANG Y L,SUN W Q,LIU J G,et al.Microbial community structure in rhizosphere soils of long-term continuously cropped processing tomato based on PLFA method[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(4):594-604
[23]SCHOCH C L,SUNG G H,LóPEZ-GIRáLDEZ F,et al.The Ascomycota tree of life:A phylum-wide phylogeny clarifies the origin and evolution of fundamental reproductive and ecological traits[J].Systematic Biology,2009,58(2):224-239
[24]BURNHAM-MARUSICH A R,BREEANA H,KVAM A J,et al.Conservation of Mannan Synthesis in fungi of the Zygomycota and Ascomycota reveals a broad diagnostic target[J].mSphere,2018,3(3):e00094-18
[25]OLDROYD G E D.Speak,friend,and enter:Signalling systems that promote beneficial symbiotic associations in plants[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2013,11(4):252-263
[26]GOMES N C M,FAGBOLA O,COSTA R,et al.Dynamics of fungal communities in bulk and maize rhizosphere soil in the tropics[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2003,69(7):3758-3766
[27]ZHANG H S,WU X H,LI G,et al.Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate-solubilizing fungus(Mortierella sp.)and their effects on Kostelelzkya virginica growth and enzyme activities of rhizosphere and bulk soils at different salinities[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2011,47(5):543-554
[28]LIAO X G,FANG W G,LIN L C,et al.Metarhizium robertsii produces an extracellular invertase(MrINV)that plays a pivotal role in rhizospheric interactions and root colonization[J].PLoS One,2013,8(10):e78118
[29]MANICI L M,KELDERER M,FRANKE-WHITTLE I H,et al.Relationship between root-endophytic microbial communities and replant disease in specialized apple growing areas in Europe[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2013,72:207-214
[30]罗清,彭程,叶波平.青霉属真菌研究新进展[J].药物生物技术,2016,23(5):452-456LUO Q,PENG C,YE B P.New advances in research of the genus Penicillium[J].Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,2016,23(5):452-456
[31]华菊玲,刘光荣,黄劲松.连作对芝麻根际土壤微生物群落的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(9):2936-2942HUA J L,LIU G R,HUANG J S.Effect of continuous cropping of sesame on rhizospheric microbial communities[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(9):2936-2942
[32]焦润安,徐雪风,杨宏伟,等.连作对马铃薯生长和土壤健康的影响及机制研究[J].干旱区农业研究,2018,36(4):94-100JIAO R A,XU X F,YANG H W,et al.Study on the effect and its mechanism of continuous cropping on potato growth and soil health[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2018,36(4):94-100
[33]秦越,马琨,刘萍.马铃薯连作栽培对土壤微生物多样性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(2):225-232QIN Y,MA K,LIU P.Effect of potato continuous cropping on genetic diversity of soil microorganisms[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2015,23(2):225-232
[34]HUHE,CHEN X J,HOU F J,et al.Bacterial and fungal community structures in loess plateau grasslands with different grazing intensities[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2017,8:606
[2]商鸿生.现代植物免疫学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013SHANG H S.Modern Immunology of Plants[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2013
[3]李锐,刘瑜,褚贵新,等.棉花连作对北疆土壤酶活性、致病菌及拮抗菌多样性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(4):432-440LI R,LIU Y,CHU G X,et al.Response of soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure,diversity to continuous cotton cropping in northern Xinjiang[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2015,23(4):432-440
[4]蒋婧,宋明华.植物与土壤微生物在调控生态系统养分循环中的作用[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(8):979-988JIANG J,SONG M H.Review of the roles of plants and soil microorganisms in regulating ecosystem nutrient cycling[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2010,34(8):979-988
[5]赵帆.不同连作年限草莓根际土壤微生物多样性变化[D].合肥:安徽大学,2018ZHAO F.Biodiversity of microorganism in rhizosphere soil of strawberry with different continuous cropping years[D].Hefei:Anhui University,2018
[6]SONG X H,PAN Y,LI L Y,et al.Composition and diversity of rhizosphere fungal community in Coptis chinensis Franch.continuous cropping fields[J].PLoS One,2018,13(3):e0193811
[7]纪莉景,王连生,栗秋生,等.西瓜枯萎病菌分离及致病力测定[J].河北农业科学,2010,14(8):137-138JI L J,WANG L S,LI Q S,et al.Isolation and pathogenicity determination of watermelon wilt[J].Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,2010,14(8):137-138
[8]BOUGHALLEB N,EL MAHJOUB M.Frequency of Fusarium oxysporum F.sp.niveum and F.solani F.sp.cucurbitae from watermelon seeds and their effect on disease incidence[J].Research Journal of Parasitology,2007,2(1):32-38
[9]LING N,DENG K Y,SONG Y,et al.Variation of rhizosphere bacterial community in watermelon continuous mono-cropping soil by long-term application of a novel bioorganic fertilizer[J].Microbiological Research,2014,169(7/8):570-578
[10]袁旭东.中宁县无公害硒砂瓜机械化生产技术探讨[J].当代农机,2017,(11):61-63YUAN X D.Discussion on mechanized production technology of pollution-free selenium sand melon in Zhongning County[J].Contemporary Farm Machinery,2017,(11):61-63
[11]单治彬,孔金玲,张永庭,等.面向对象的特色农作物种植遥感调查方法研究[J].地球信息科学学报,2018,20(10):1509-1519SHAN Z B,KONG J L,ZHANG Y T,et al.Remote sensing investigation method of object-oriented crops with special characteristics[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2018,20(10):1509-1519
[12]刘苹,赵海军,万书波,等.连作对花生根系分泌物化感作用的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(3):639-644LIU P,ZHAO H J,WAN S B,et al.Effect of continuous cropping on allelopathy of peanut root exudates[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(3):639-644
[13]BOLGER A M,LOHSE M,USADEL B.Trimmomatic:Aflexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data[J].Bioinformatics,2014,30(15):2114-2120
[14]EDGAR R C.Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST[J].Bioinformatics,2010,26(19):2460-2461
[15]EDGAR R C.UPARSE:Highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads[J].Nature Methods,2013,10(10):996-998
[16]DESHPANDE V,WANG Q,GREENFIELD P,et al.Fungal identification using a Bayesian classifier and the Warcup training set of internal transcribed spacer sequences[J].Mycologia,2016,108(1):1-5
[17]KNUDSEN I M B,HOCKENHULL J,JENSEN D F.Biocontrol of seedling diseases of barley and wheat caused by Fusarium culmorum and Bipolaris sorokiniana:Effects of selected fungal antagonists on growth and yield components[J].Plant Pathology,1995,44(3):467-477
[18]王娟英,许佳慧,吴林坤,等.不同连作年限怀牛膝根际土壤理化性质及微生物多样性[J].生态学报,2017,37(17):5621-5629WANG J Y,XU J H,WU L K,et al.Analysis of physicochemical properties and microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil of Achyranthes bidentata under different cropping years[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(17):5621-5629
[19]阎海涛,殷全玉,丁松爽,等.生物炭对褐土理化特性及真菌群落结构的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(5):2412-2419YAN H T,YIN Q Y,DING S S,et al.Effect of biochar amendment on physicochemical properties and fungal community structures of cinnamon soil[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(5):2412-2419
[20]赵帆,赵密珍,王钰,等.不同连作年限草莓根际细菌和真菌多样性变化[J].微生物学通报,2017,44(6):1377-1386ZHAO F,ZHAO M Z,WANG Y,et al.Biodiversity of bacteria and fungi in rhizosphere of strawberry with different continuous cropping years[J].Microbiology China,2017,44(6):1377-1386
[21]MAZZOLA M,MANICI L M.Apple replant disease:Role of microbial ecology in cause and control[J].Annual Review of Phytopathology,2012,50:45-65
[22]康亚龙,孙文庆,刘建国,等.PLFA方法研究连作对加工番茄根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(4):594-604KANG Y L,SUN W Q,LIU J G,et al.Microbial community structure in rhizosphere soils of long-term continuously cropped processing tomato based on PLFA method[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(4):594-604
[23]SCHOCH C L,SUNG G H,LóPEZ-GIRáLDEZ F,et al.The Ascomycota tree of life:A phylum-wide phylogeny clarifies the origin and evolution of fundamental reproductive and ecological traits[J].Systematic Biology,2009,58(2):224-239
[24]BURNHAM-MARUSICH A R,BREEANA H,KVAM A J,et al.Conservation of Mannan Synthesis in fungi of the Zygomycota and Ascomycota reveals a broad diagnostic target[J].mSphere,2018,3(3):e00094-18
[25]OLDROYD G E D.Speak,friend,and enter:Signalling systems that promote beneficial symbiotic associations in plants[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2013,11(4):252-263
[26]GOMES N C M,FAGBOLA O,COSTA R,et al.Dynamics of fungal communities in bulk and maize rhizosphere soil in the tropics[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2003,69(7):3758-3766
[27]ZHANG H S,WU X H,LI G,et al.Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate-solubilizing fungus(Mortierella sp.)and their effects on Kostelelzkya virginica growth and enzyme activities of rhizosphere and bulk soils at different salinities[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2011,47(5):543-554
[28]LIAO X G,FANG W G,LIN L C,et al.Metarhizium robertsii produces an extracellular invertase(MrINV)that plays a pivotal role in rhizospheric interactions and root colonization[J].PLoS One,2013,8(10):e78118
[29]MANICI L M,KELDERER M,FRANKE-WHITTLE I H,et al.Relationship between root-endophytic microbial communities and replant disease in specialized apple growing areas in Europe[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2013,72:207-214
[30]罗清,彭程,叶波平.青霉属真菌研究新进展[J].药物生物技术,2016,23(5):452-456LUO Q,PENG C,YE B P.New advances in research of the genus Penicillium[J].Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,2016,23(5):452-456
[31]华菊玲,刘光荣,黄劲松.连作对芝麻根际土壤微生物群落的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(9):2936-2942HUA J L,LIU G R,HUANG J S.Effect of continuous cropping of sesame on rhizospheric microbial communities[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(9):2936-2942
[32]焦润安,徐雪风,杨宏伟,等.连作对马铃薯生长和土壤健康的影响及机制研究[J].干旱区农业研究,2018,36(4):94-100JIAO R A,XU X F,YANG H W,et al.Study on the effect and its mechanism of continuous cropping on potato growth and soil health[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2018,36(4):94-100
[33]秦越,马琨,刘萍.马铃薯连作栽培对土壤微生物多样性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(2):225-232QIN Y,MA K,LIU P.Effect of potato continuous cropping on genetic diversity of soil microorganisms[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2015,23(2):225-232
[34]HUHE,CHEN X J,HOU F J,et al.Bacterial and fungal community structures in loess plateau grasslands with different grazing intensities[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2017,8:606