城市污水处理工艺:生命周期评价
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摘要
生命周期评价(LCA)作为环境管理中行之有效的重要工具,可对城市污水处理工艺技术的运行管理、能源资源利用及其环境影响等进行综合的评价,提供能源资源回收利用和削减(除)对环境不利影响的有效途径和方法,并为污水处理工艺技术的改进和优化提供重要依据。笔者旨在促进城市污水处理技术更好更快地向效能型和产能型及环境友好型方向发展,并结合LCA的主要内容和特点,重点评述了LCA在城市污水处理工艺,尤其是对基于高效厌氧处理技术实现有效水质处理和有效能源资源回收的关键性工艺的LCA研究和发展现状。
Life Cycle Assessment(LCA), as an effective and important tool in environmental management, can be applied to the comprehensive evaluation of operational management, utilization of energy and resources and their environmental impacts of municipal wastewater treatment technology, which will provide effective ways and means for recycling energy and resources, reducing or eliminating adverse environmental impacts and upgrading or optimizing the wastewater treatment processes as well. In order to promote the better and fast transformation of municipal wastewater treatment technology to the pattern of resource-utilization, energy-efficiency and production, a comprehensive review was made in this paper on the application of LCA in municipal wastewater treatment processes, especially in the key and high efficient anaerobic process and technologies characterized with high quality effluent and effective energy/resource use, based on the introduction to the main contents and characters of LCA.
Life Cycle Assessment(LCA), as an effective and important tool in environmental management, can be applied to the comprehensive evaluation of operational management, utilization of energy and resources and their environmental impacts of municipal wastewater treatment technology, which will provide effective ways and means for recycling energy and resources, reducing or eliminating adverse environmental impacts and upgrading or optimizing the wastewater treatment processes as well. In order to promote the better and fast transformation of municipal wastewater treatment technology to the pattern of resource-utilization, energy-efficiency and production, a comprehensive review was made in this paper on the application of LCA in municipal wastewater treatment processes, especially in the key and high efficient anaerobic process and technologies characterized with high quality effluent and effective energy/resource use, based on the introduction to the main contents and characters of LCA.
引文
[1] JENKINS D, WANNER J. Activated sludge-100 years and counting[M]. London:IWA Publishing, 2014.
[2] SANCHO I, LOPEZ-PALAU S, ARESPACOCHAGA N, et al. New concepts on carbon redirection in wastewater treatment plants:a review[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 647:1373-1384.
[3] MCCARTY P L, BAE J, KIM J. Domestic wastewater treatment as a net energy producer———can this be achieved?[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2011, 45(17):7100-7106.
[4]郝晓地,方晓敏,李季,等.污水碳中和运行潜能分析[J].中国给水排水,2018,34(10):11-16.
[5] NAUSHAD M. Life cycle assessment of wastewater treatment[M]. Boca Raton:CRC Press, 2018.
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[7] CHARTER M. Designing for the circular economy[M]. New York:Routledge Press, 2018.
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[9] GARF魱M, FLORES L, FERRER I. Life cycle assessment of wastewater treatment systems for small communities:activated sludge, constructed wetlands and high rate algal ponds[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017, 161:211-219.
[10] HU W, GUO Y, TIAN J, et al. Eco-efficiency of centralized wastewater treatment plants in industrial parks:a slack-based data envelopment analysis[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2019, 141:176-186.
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[14] COROMINAS L, FOLEY J, GUEST J S, et al. Life cycle assessment applied to wastewater treatment:state of the art[J]. Water Research, 2013,47(15):5480-5492.
[15] HAUSCHILD M Z, ROSENBAUM R K, OLSEN S I. Life cycle assessment:theory and practice[M]. Springer, 2017.
[16] PRADEL M, AISSANI L, VILLOT J, et al. From waste to added value product:towards a paradigm shift in life cycle assessment applied to wastewater sludge:a review[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016, 131:60-75.
[17] ZANNI S, CIPOLLA S S, DI FUSCO E, et al. Modeling for sustainability:Life cycle assessment application to evaluate environmental performance of water recycling solutions at the dwelling level[J]. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2019, 17:47-61.
[18] DE FEO G, FERRARA C. A procedure for evaluating the most environmentally sound alternative between two on-site small-scale wastewater treatment systems[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017, 164:124-136.
[19] ZANG Y, LI Y, WANG C, et al.Towards more accurate life cycle assessment of biological wastewater treatment plants:a review[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015, 107:676-692.
[20]黄希望,罗小勇,李轶,等.污水处理厂生命周期评价及不同工艺污水处理系统的环境影响比较分析[J].水资源保护,2014,30(1):90-94.
[21] PIAO W, KIM Y, KIM H, et al.Life cycle assessment and economic efficiency analysis of integrated management of wastewater treatment plants[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016, 113:325-337.
[22] O'CONNOR M, GARNIER G, BATCHELOR W. Life cycle assessment comparison of industrial effluent management strategies[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014, 79:168-181.
[23] CHEN G, WANG X, LI J, et al. Environmental, energy, and economic analysis of integrated treatment of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge:a case study in China[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2019, 647:1433-1443.
[24] VALENTE A, IRIBARREN D, DUFOUR J. How do methodological choices affect the carbon footprint of microalgal biodiesel? A harmonised life cycle assessment[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 207:560-568.
[25] LI Y, MANANDHAR A, LI G, et al. Life cycle assessment of integrated solid state anaerobic digestion and composting for on-farm organic residues treatment[J]. Waste Management, 2018, 76:294-305.
[26] MELLINO S, DE ANGELIS G, LIU G, et al. Life cycle assessment indicators of urban wastewater and sewagesludge treatment[J]. Elvira Buonocore, Ecological Indicators, 2018, 94:1-23.
[27]沈耀良.城市污水处理技术:过去现在将来[J].苏州科技大学学报(工程技术版), 2018, 31(4):1-13.
[28] ROBLESA魣, RUANO M V, CHARFI A, et al. A review on anaerobic membrane bioreactors(AnMBRs)focused on modelling and control aspects[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018, 270:612-626.
[29] SMITH A L, STADLER L B, CAO L, et al. Navigating wastewater energy recovery strategies:a life cycle comparison of wastewater energy recovery strategies:anaerobic membrane bioreactor and high rate activated sludge with anaerobic digestion[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2014, 48:5972-5981.
[30] PRETE R, ROBLES A, RUANO M V, et al. Environmental impact of submerged anaerobic MBR(SAnMBR)technology used to treat urban wastewater at different temperatures[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2013, 149:532-540.
[31] PRETE R, ROBLES A, RUANO M V, et al. Economic and environmental sustainability of submerged anaerobic MBR-based(AnMBR-based)technology as compared to aerobic-based technologies for moderate-/high-loaded urban wastewater treatment[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2016, 166:45-54.
[32] KRZEMINSKI P, LEVERETTE L, MALAMIS S, et al. Membrane bioreactors-a review on recent developments in energy reduction, fouling control, novel configurations, LCA and market prospects[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2017, 527:207-227.
[33] NAVAS-ANGUITA Z, CRUZ P L, MART魱N-GAMBOA M, et al. Simulation and life cycle assessment of synthetic fuels produced via biogas dry reforming and Fischer-Tropschsynthesis[J]. Fuel, 2019, 235:1492-1500.
[34] BUONOCORE E, MELLINO S, DE ANGELIS G, et al. Life cycle assessment indicators of urban wastewater and sewage sludge treatment[J].Ecological Indicators, 2018, 94(3):13-23.
[35] YOSHIDA H, HOEVE M, CHRISTENSEN T H, et al. Life cycle assessment of sewage sludge management options including long-term impacts after land application[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 174:538-547.
[36] CHEN G, WWANG X, LI J, et al. Environmental, energy, and economic analysis of integrated treatment ofmunicipal solid waste and sewage sludge:a case study in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 647:1433-1443.
[37] LI H, FENG K. Life cycle assessment of the environmental impacts and energy efficiency of an integration of sludge anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 195:476-485.
[38] MILLS N, PEARCE P, FARROW J, et al. Environmental&economic life cycle assessment of current&future sewage sludge to energy technologies[J]. Waste Management, 2014, 34(1):185-195.
[39] SUNDARRAJAN P, GOPINATH K P, GREETHAM D, et al. A review on cleaner production of biofuel feedstock from integrated CO2sequestration and wastewater treatment system[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 210:445-458.
[2] SANCHO I, LOPEZ-PALAU S, ARESPACOCHAGA N, et al. New concepts on carbon redirection in wastewater treatment plants:a review[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 647:1373-1384.
[3] MCCARTY P L, BAE J, KIM J. Domestic wastewater treatment as a net energy producer———can this be achieved?[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2011, 45(17):7100-7106.
[4]郝晓地,方晓敏,李季,等.污水碳中和运行潜能分析[J].中国给水排水,2018,34(10):11-16.
[5] NAUSHAD M. Life cycle assessment of wastewater treatment[M]. Boca Raton:CRC Press, 2018.
[6] The world commission on Environment and Development. Our Common Future[M]. Oxford:Oxford University press, 2009.
[7] CHARTER M. Designing for the circular economy[M]. New York:Routledge Press, 2018.
[8] LACY P, RURQVIST J. Waste to wealth:the circular economy advantage[M]. London:Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
[9] GARF魱M, FLORES L, FERRER I. Life cycle assessment of wastewater treatment systems for small communities:activated sludge, constructed wetlands and high rate algal ponds[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017, 161:211-219.
[10] HU W, GUO Y, TIAN J, et al. Eco-efficiency of centralized wastewater treatment plants in industrial parks:a slack-based data envelopment analysis[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2019, 141:176-186.
[11] GUVEN H, DERELI R K, OZGUN H, et al. Towards sustainable and energy efficient municipal wastewater treatment by up-concentration of organics[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2019, 70:145-168.
[12]曲久辉,王凯军,王洪臣,等.建设面向未来的中国污水处理概念厂[N].中国环境报,2014-01-07(10).
[13] VOLKART K, MUTEL C L, PANOS E. Integrating life cycle assessment and energy system modelling:methodology and application to the world energy scenarios[J]. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2018, 16:121-133.
[14] COROMINAS L, FOLEY J, GUEST J S, et al. Life cycle assessment applied to wastewater treatment:state of the art[J]. Water Research, 2013,47(15):5480-5492.
[15] HAUSCHILD M Z, ROSENBAUM R K, OLSEN S I. Life cycle assessment:theory and practice[M]. Springer, 2017.
[16] PRADEL M, AISSANI L, VILLOT J, et al. From waste to added value product:towards a paradigm shift in life cycle assessment applied to wastewater sludge:a review[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016, 131:60-75.
[17] ZANNI S, CIPOLLA S S, DI FUSCO E, et al. Modeling for sustainability:Life cycle assessment application to evaluate environmental performance of water recycling solutions at the dwelling level[J]. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2019, 17:47-61.
[18] DE FEO G, FERRARA C. A procedure for evaluating the most environmentally sound alternative between two on-site small-scale wastewater treatment systems[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017, 164:124-136.
[19] ZANG Y, LI Y, WANG C, et al.Towards more accurate life cycle assessment of biological wastewater treatment plants:a review[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015, 107:676-692.
[20]黄希望,罗小勇,李轶,等.污水处理厂生命周期评价及不同工艺污水处理系统的环境影响比较分析[J].水资源保护,2014,30(1):90-94.
[21] PIAO W, KIM Y, KIM H, et al.Life cycle assessment and economic efficiency analysis of integrated management of wastewater treatment plants[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016, 113:325-337.
[22] O'CONNOR M, GARNIER G, BATCHELOR W. Life cycle assessment comparison of industrial effluent management strategies[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014, 79:168-181.
[23] CHEN G, WANG X, LI J, et al. Environmental, energy, and economic analysis of integrated treatment of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge:a case study in China[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2019, 647:1433-1443.
[24] VALENTE A, IRIBARREN D, DUFOUR J. How do methodological choices affect the carbon footprint of microalgal biodiesel? A harmonised life cycle assessment[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 207:560-568.
[25] LI Y, MANANDHAR A, LI G, et al. Life cycle assessment of integrated solid state anaerobic digestion and composting for on-farm organic residues treatment[J]. Waste Management, 2018, 76:294-305.
[26] MELLINO S, DE ANGELIS G, LIU G, et al. Life cycle assessment indicators of urban wastewater and sewagesludge treatment[J]. Elvira Buonocore, Ecological Indicators, 2018, 94:1-23.
[27]沈耀良.城市污水处理技术:过去现在将来[J].苏州科技大学学报(工程技术版), 2018, 31(4):1-13.
[28] ROBLESA魣, RUANO M V, CHARFI A, et al. A review on anaerobic membrane bioreactors(AnMBRs)focused on modelling and control aspects[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018, 270:612-626.
[29] SMITH A L, STADLER L B, CAO L, et al. Navigating wastewater energy recovery strategies:a life cycle comparison of wastewater energy recovery strategies:anaerobic membrane bioreactor and high rate activated sludge with anaerobic digestion[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2014, 48:5972-5981.
[30] PRETE R, ROBLES A, RUANO M V, et al. Environmental impact of submerged anaerobic MBR(SAnMBR)technology used to treat urban wastewater at different temperatures[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2013, 149:532-540.
[31] PRETE R, ROBLES A, RUANO M V, et al. Economic and environmental sustainability of submerged anaerobic MBR-based(AnMBR-based)technology as compared to aerobic-based technologies for moderate-/high-loaded urban wastewater treatment[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2016, 166:45-54.
[32] KRZEMINSKI P, LEVERETTE L, MALAMIS S, et al. Membrane bioreactors-a review on recent developments in energy reduction, fouling control, novel configurations, LCA and market prospects[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2017, 527:207-227.
[33] NAVAS-ANGUITA Z, CRUZ P L, MART魱N-GAMBOA M, et al. Simulation and life cycle assessment of synthetic fuels produced via biogas dry reforming and Fischer-Tropschsynthesis[J]. Fuel, 2019, 235:1492-1500.
[34] BUONOCORE E, MELLINO S, DE ANGELIS G, et al. Life cycle assessment indicators of urban wastewater and sewage sludge treatment[J].Ecological Indicators, 2018, 94(3):13-23.
[35] YOSHIDA H, HOEVE M, CHRISTENSEN T H, et al. Life cycle assessment of sewage sludge management options including long-term impacts after land application[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 174:538-547.
[36] CHEN G, WWANG X, LI J, et al. Environmental, energy, and economic analysis of integrated treatment ofmunicipal solid waste and sewage sludge:a case study in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 647:1433-1443.
[37] LI H, FENG K. Life cycle assessment of the environmental impacts and energy efficiency of an integration of sludge anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 195:476-485.
[38] MILLS N, PEARCE P, FARROW J, et al. Environmental&economic life cycle assessment of current&future sewage sludge to energy technologies[J]. Waste Management, 2014, 34(1):185-195.
[39] SUNDARRAJAN P, GOPINATH K P, GREETHAM D, et al. A review on cleaner production of biofuel feedstock from integrated CO2sequestration and wastewater treatment system[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 210:445-458.
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