基于生态水文阈值调控的内陆干旱区水资源多维均衡配置研究
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摘要
针对内陆干旱区城市发展和生态环境保护的强烈互斥性,在整体识别内陆干旱区水循环与生态演变耦合作用机理上,构建基于生态水文阈值调控的水资源多维均衡配置模型。模型分3个层次:以流域为单元的水资源系统耗水总量和地下水采补平衡;以行政分区为单元的经济社会系统水量平衡和水土平衡;以河道关键控制断面和灌区为单元的生态环境系统水生态平衡和水盐平衡,并给出相应的多重循环迭代算法。将该模型方法应用于我国内陆干旱区——塔里木河流域,结果显示:在平枯水平年通过累计新增节水灌溉面积85.1万hm~2,累计退减基本农田外灌溉面积41.5万hm~2,累计退减国民经济用水量为75亿m~3,可实现该地区水资源-经济社会-生态环境复合系统的有序良性演化和高效均衡发展,验证了该方法的可行性。
To tackle the strong conflict between urban development and ecological environment protection in inland arid regions,a multi-dimensional equilibrium allocation model of water resources based on eco-hydrological threshold regulation was constructed,after identifying the coupling mechanism between water cycle and ecological evolution. The model is divided into three layers; the first layer manages the total consumption of the water resources system and regulates the balance between groundwater exploitation and supplement in the basin; the second layer regulates the balance between water supply and demand and the balance between water resources and irrigation area from the economic and societal system in the administrative division; the third layer regulates the balance between water resources and ecological environment and the balance between water and salt of the environmental system in the key control channel sections and irrigation areas,as well as providing the corresponding multiple loop iteration algorithm. Applying the model to the Tarim River Basin located in China's inland arid region,the results show that,in the normal and dry years(occurrence no greater than 50% comparing to the long-term climatology),with an increased water-saving irrigation area of 0.85 million hectares,a reduced agricultural irrigation area of 0.41 million hectares,as well as a reduced water usage of national economy by 7.5 billion m~3,it is possible for the orderly benign evolution and efficient as well as balanced development of composite system integrated with the water resources,economic society and ecosystem,and the results also verify the feasibility of the method.
To tackle the strong conflict between urban development and ecological environment protection in inland arid regions,a multi-dimensional equilibrium allocation model of water resources based on eco-hydrological threshold regulation was constructed,after identifying the coupling mechanism between water cycle and ecological evolution. The model is divided into three layers; the first layer manages the total consumption of the water resources system and regulates the balance between groundwater exploitation and supplement in the basin; the second layer regulates the balance between water supply and demand and the balance between water resources and irrigation area from the economic and societal system in the administrative division; the third layer regulates the balance between water resources and ecological environment and the balance between water and salt of the environmental system in the key control channel sections and irrigation areas,as well as providing the corresponding multiple loop iteration algorithm. Applying the model to the Tarim River Basin located in China's inland arid region,the results show that,in the normal and dry years(occurrence no greater than 50% comparing to the long-term climatology),with an increased water-saving irrigation area of 0.85 million hectares,a reduced agricultural irrigation area of 0.41 million hectares,as well as a reduced water usage of national economy by 7.5 billion m~3,it is possible for the orderly benign evolution and efficient as well as balanced development of composite system integrated with the water resources,economic society and ecosystem,and the results also verify the feasibility of the method.
引文
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[3] SHEN Y,LI S,CHEN Y,et al. Estimation of regional irrigation water requirement and water supply risk in the arid region of Northwestern China 1989-2010[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2013,128(1):55-64.
[4] GUO Q,FENG Q,LI J. Environmental changes after ecological water conveyance in the lower reaches of Heihe River,northwest China[J]. Environ. Geol.,2009,58(7):1387-1396.
[5] CHEN Y,LI B,LI Z,et al. Water resource formation and conversion and water security in arid region of North?west China[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences,2016,26(7):939-952.
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[11]谢新民,赵文骏,裴源生,等.宁夏水资源优化配置与可持续利用战略研究[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2002.
[12]王浩,贾仰文.变化中的流域“自然-社会”二元水循环理论与研究方法[J].水利学报,2016,47(10):1219-1226.
[13]李佩成.咸海萎缩原因、后果、对策及启示[Z].杨凌:西北农业大学,1989.
[14]姚一平,瓦哈甫·哈力克,伏吉芮.西北干旱区绿洲沙漠化与盐渍化驱动力分析——以于田绿洲为例[J].黑龙江大学自然科学学报,2015(4):519-525.
[15]陈敏建,王浩,王芳.内陆干旱区水分驱动的生态演变机理[J].生态学报,2004(10):2108-2114.
[16]司书红,朱高峰,苏永红.西北内陆河流域的水循环特征及生态学意义[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(9):37-44.
[17]张一驰,于静洁,乔茂云,等.黑河流域生态输水对下游植被变化影响研究[J].水利学报,2011,42(7):757-765.
[18] HALL A,ROOD S,HIGGINS P. Resizing a river:a downscaled,seasonal flow regime promotes riparian restora?tion[J]. Restoration Ecology. 2011,19(3):351-359.
[19]黄粤,包安明,王士飞,等.间歇性输水影响下的2001-2011年塔里木河下游生态环境变化[J].地理学报,2013,68(9):1251-1262.
[20]陈亚宁,李卫红,陈亚鹏,等.塔里木河下游断流河道输水的生态响应与生态修复[J].干旱区研究,2006,23(4):521-530.
[21]徐海量,叶茂,李吉玫.塔里木河下游输水后地下水动态变化及天然植被的生态响应[J].自然科学进展,2007,17(4):460-470.
[22]陈亚宁,李卫红,徐海量,等.塔里木河下游地下水位对植被的影响[J].地理学报,2003,58(4):542-549.
[23]徐海量,陈亚宁,杨戈.塔里木河下游生态输水对植被和地下水位的影响[J].环境科学,2003,24(4):18-22.
[24] LI J,YU B,ZHAO C,et al. Physiological and morphological responses of Tamarix ramosissima and Populus eu?phratica to altered groundwater availability[J]. Tree Physiology,2013,33(1):57-68.
[25]陈亚宁,张宏锋,李卫红,等.新疆塔里木河下游物种多样性变化与地下水位的关系[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(2):158-165.
[26]邓铭江,王志杰,王姣妍.巴尔喀什湖生态水位演变分析及调控对策[J].水利学报,2011,42(4):403-413.
[27]钟瑞森,郝丽娜,包安明,等.干旱内陆河灌区地下水位调控措施及其效应[J].水力发电学报,2012,31(4):65-71.
[28]刘桂林,艾里西尔·库尔班,艾尔肯·艾白不拉,等.塔里木河下游生态输水后植被景观格局动态变化研究[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(1):161-168.
[29]罗家熊,等.新疆垦区盐碱地改良[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1985.
[30]邓潮洲,张希明,李利,等.河道输水对塔里木河下游胡杨生长状况的影响[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(2):312-318.
[31]娄溥礼.土壤积盐与地下水关系的分析[J].水利学报,1964(3):1-12.
[32]董新光,邓铭江,周金龙,等.论新疆平原灌区土壤盐碱化与水资源开发[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,24(5):14-17.
[33]胡顺军,艾尼瓦尔·吾买尔,田长彦,等.渭干河平原绿洲灌区合理灌排比探讨[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(1):23-26.
[34]杨劲松,陈小兵,周宏飞.新疆塔里木灌区水盐问题研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2007,18(2):69-73,77.
[35]刘平平.井渠结合灌区水资源联合调控模型研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[36]李鹏.变化环境对灌区水循环的影响研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[37]魏传江,韩素山,韩俊华.流域/区域水资源全要素优化配置关键技术及示范[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2012.
[38]胡祖光.基尼系数理论最佳值及其简易计算公式研究[J].经济研究,2004(9):60-69.
[39]邵东国,贺新春,黄显峰.基于净效益最大的水资源优化配置模型与方法[J].水利学报,2005,36(9):1050-1056.
[40]姚海娇,周宏飞,苏风春.从水土资源匹配关系看中亚地区水问题[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(3):391-395.
[41]新疆维吾尔自治区水利厅塔里木河流域管理局.塔里木河流域近期综合治理五年实施方案[R]. 2003.
[2]赵勇.西北诸河区水资源综合规划概要[J].中国水利,2011(23):127-129.
[3] SHEN Y,LI S,CHEN Y,et al. Estimation of regional irrigation water requirement and water supply risk in the arid region of Northwestern China 1989-2010[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2013,128(1):55-64.
[4] GUO Q,FENG Q,LI J. Environmental changes after ecological water conveyance in the lower reaches of Heihe River,northwest China[J]. Environ. Geol.,2009,58(7):1387-1396.
[5] CHEN Y,LI B,LI Z,et al. Water resource formation and conversion and water security in arid region of North?west China[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences,2016,26(7):939-952.
[6]王浩,陈敏建,秦大庸.西北地区水资源合理配置与承载能力研究[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2003.
[7]严登华,王浩,杨舒媛,等.干旱区流域生态水文耦合模拟与调控的若干思考[J].地球科学进展,2008(7):773-778.
[8]粟晓玲,康绍忠,石培泽.干旱区面向生态的水资源合理配置模型与应用[J].水利学报,2008,39(9):1111-1117.
[9]王浩,秦大庸,郭孟卓,等.干旱区水资源合理配置模式与计算方法[J].水科学进展,2004(6):689-694.
[10]宋郁东,樊自立,雷志栋,等.中国塔里木河水资源与生态问题研究[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,2000.
[11]谢新民,赵文骏,裴源生,等.宁夏水资源优化配置与可持续利用战略研究[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2002.
[12]王浩,贾仰文.变化中的流域“自然-社会”二元水循环理论与研究方法[J].水利学报,2016,47(10):1219-1226.
[13]李佩成.咸海萎缩原因、后果、对策及启示[Z].杨凌:西北农业大学,1989.
[14]姚一平,瓦哈甫·哈力克,伏吉芮.西北干旱区绿洲沙漠化与盐渍化驱动力分析——以于田绿洲为例[J].黑龙江大学自然科学学报,2015(4):519-525.
[15]陈敏建,王浩,王芳.内陆干旱区水分驱动的生态演变机理[J].生态学报,2004(10):2108-2114.
[16]司书红,朱高峰,苏永红.西北内陆河流域的水循环特征及生态学意义[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(9):37-44.
[17]张一驰,于静洁,乔茂云,等.黑河流域生态输水对下游植被变化影响研究[J].水利学报,2011,42(7):757-765.
[18] HALL A,ROOD S,HIGGINS P. Resizing a river:a downscaled,seasonal flow regime promotes riparian restora?tion[J]. Restoration Ecology. 2011,19(3):351-359.
[19]黄粤,包安明,王士飞,等.间歇性输水影响下的2001-2011年塔里木河下游生态环境变化[J].地理学报,2013,68(9):1251-1262.
[20]陈亚宁,李卫红,陈亚鹏,等.塔里木河下游断流河道输水的生态响应与生态修复[J].干旱区研究,2006,23(4):521-530.
[21]徐海量,叶茂,李吉玫.塔里木河下游输水后地下水动态变化及天然植被的生态响应[J].自然科学进展,2007,17(4):460-470.
[22]陈亚宁,李卫红,徐海量,等.塔里木河下游地下水位对植被的影响[J].地理学报,2003,58(4):542-549.
[23]徐海量,陈亚宁,杨戈.塔里木河下游生态输水对植被和地下水位的影响[J].环境科学,2003,24(4):18-22.
[24] LI J,YU B,ZHAO C,et al. Physiological and morphological responses of Tamarix ramosissima and Populus eu?phratica to altered groundwater availability[J]. Tree Physiology,2013,33(1):57-68.
[25]陈亚宁,张宏锋,李卫红,等.新疆塔里木河下游物种多样性变化与地下水位的关系[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(2):158-165.
[26]邓铭江,王志杰,王姣妍.巴尔喀什湖生态水位演变分析及调控对策[J].水利学报,2011,42(4):403-413.
[27]钟瑞森,郝丽娜,包安明,等.干旱内陆河灌区地下水位调控措施及其效应[J].水力发电学报,2012,31(4):65-71.
[28]刘桂林,艾里西尔·库尔班,艾尔肯·艾白不拉,等.塔里木河下游生态输水后植被景观格局动态变化研究[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(1):161-168.
[29]罗家熊,等.新疆垦区盐碱地改良[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1985.
[30]邓潮洲,张希明,李利,等.河道输水对塔里木河下游胡杨生长状况的影响[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(2):312-318.
[31]娄溥礼.土壤积盐与地下水关系的分析[J].水利学报,1964(3):1-12.
[32]董新光,邓铭江,周金龙,等.论新疆平原灌区土壤盐碱化与水资源开发[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,24(5):14-17.
[33]胡顺军,艾尼瓦尔·吾买尔,田长彦,等.渭干河平原绿洲灌区合理灌排比探讨[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(1):23-26.
[34]杨劲松,陈小兵,周宏飞.新疆塔里木灌区水盐问题研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2007,18(2):69-73,77.
[35]刘平平.井渠结合灌区水资源联合调控模型研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[36]李鹏.变化环境对灌区水循环的影响研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[37]魏传江,韩素山,韩俊华.流域/区域水资源全要素优化配置关键技术及示范[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2012.
[38]胡祖光.基尼系数理论最佳值及其简易计算公式研究[J].经济研究,2004(9):60-69.
[39]邵东国,贺新春,黄显峰.基于净效益最大的水资源优化配置模型与方法[J].水利学报,2005,36(9):1050-1056.
[40]姚海娇,周宏飞,苏风春.从水土资源匹配关系看中亚地区水问题[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(3):391-395.
[41]新疆维吾尔自治区水利厅塔里木河流域管理局.塔里木河流域近期综合治理五年实施方案[R]. 2003.
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