中日农村环境管理对比及对中国的启示
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摘要
日本与我国在历史上同属传统的东亚小农经济国家,在社会、经济、文化等方面的发展历程和存在的问题具有共通性。日本的农村生态环境管理随社会经济发展不断调整适应,政府也数次推动乡村振兴。对比研究中日两国农村环境管理及其背后的社会经济因素,虽然两国在农村环境管理上有相似性,但也有较大不同,我国不能完全照搬日本的农村环境管理体制机制,必须走一条适应我国国情的特色道路,循序渐进推进农业农村污染防治。在开展农村环保工作的具体举措上,日本也有较多可借鉴之处:一是以完善的法规政策体系保障农村环境管理;二是以精准的财政补贴支撑农村环境管理;三是以科学的规划和技术标准体系服务农村环境管理;四是以规范的行业和市场服务体系推动农村环境管理;五是以亲民务实的环境宣传教育助力农村环境管理。
Japan and China belong to the traditional small-scale peasant economy countries in East Asia in history,and they share the same social,economic and cultural development process and existing problems. Japan's rural social,economic and ecological environment management has been constantly adjusted and adapted to the development. During this period,the government also promoted the Rural Revitalization several times. A comparative study of rural environmental management and its social and economic factors between China and Japan shows that although there are similarities in rural environmental management between the two countries,there are also great differences. China can not completely copy the Japanese rural environmental management system and mechanism,and must take a characteristic road to adapt to China's national conditions,and step by step promote rural pollution prevention. Treatments carried out rural environmental protection in Japan have much to be learned: first,to guarantee rural environmental management with a sound legal and policy system; second,to support rural environmental management with precise financial subsidies; third,to serve rural environmental management with a scientific planning and technical standard system; and fourth,to promote rural environmental management with standardized industry and market service systems. Fifthly,to help rural environmental management with people-friendly and pragmatic environmental publicity and education.
Japan and China belong to the traditional small-scale peasant economy countries in East Asia in history,and they share the same social,economic and cultural development process and existing problems. Japan's rural social,economic and ecological environment management has been constantly adjusted and adapted to the development. During this period,the government also promoted the Rural Revitalization several times. A comparative study of rural environmental management and its social and economic factors between China and Japan shows that although there are similarities in rural environmental management between the two countries,there are also great differences. China can not completely copy the Japanese rural environmental management system and mechanism,and must take a characteristic road to adapt to China's national conditions,and step by step promote rural pollution prevention. Treatments carried out rural environmental protection in Japan have much to be learned: first,to guarantee rural environmental management with a sound legal and policy system; second,to support rural environmental management with precise financial subsidies; third,to serve rural environmental management with a scientific planning and technical standard system; and fourth,to promote rural environmental management with standardized industry and market service systems. Fifthly,to help rural environmental management with people-friendly and pragmatic environmental publicity and education.
引文
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[2]蓝庆新,张秋阳.日本城镇化发展经验对我国的启示[J].城市,2013(8):34-37.
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[4]国家统计局.1999-2007年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/ndtjgb/.
[5]日本环境省.环境省组织机构[EB/OL].http://www.env.go.jp/annai/soshiki/bukyoku.html.
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[8]国家统计局.2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201802/t20180228_1585631.html.
[9]周维宏.现代日本农村改革历程回顾[J].中国农村研究,2014(2):247-258.
[10]郭冬梅.战后日本农村地域社会的变迁[J].日本学论坛,2001(1):39-42.
[11]刘吉双.日本农村耕地保护制度与职业农民就近就地城镇化[J].学术交流,2017(8):135-140.
(1)亩,中国市制土地面积单位,1亩≈666.667m~2。
[2]蓝庆新,张秋阳.日本城镇化发展经验对我国的启示[J].城市,2013(8):34-37.
[3]南川秀树.日本环境问题:改善与经验[M].王伟,周晓娜,殷国梁,译.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2017.
[4]国家统计局.1999-2007年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/ndtjgb/.
[5]日本环境省.环境省组织机构[EB/OL].http://www.env.go.jp/annai/soshiki/bukyoku.html.
[6]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.国务院机构改革方案[EB/OL].(2018-03-17).http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2018-03/17/content_5275116.htm.
[7]国家统计局.第三次全国农业普查主要数据公报(第三号)[EB/OL].(2017-12-15).http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/nypcgb/qgnypcgb/201712/t20171215_1563589.html.
[8]国家统计局.2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201802/t20180228_1585631.html.
[9]周维宏.现代日本农村改革历程回顾[J].中国农村研究,2014(2):247-258.
[10]郭冬梅.战后日本农村地域社会的变迁[J].日本学论坛,2001(1):39-42.
[11]刘吉双.日本农村耕地保护制度与职业农民就近就地城镇化[J].学术交流,2017(8):135-140.
(1)亩,中国市制土地面积单位,1亩≈666.667m~2。