基于特征参数的频率域海洋可控源电磁数据反演影响因素分析
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摘要
为评估电磁场分量、发射频率和观测模式对频率域海洋可控源电磁(CSEM)一维反演的影响,对经典的海洋一维油气储层模型开展一系列反演试验。研究结果表明:采用混合观测模式及多分量、多频率数据可明显改善反演效果,进一步对挪威Troll油田的CSEM数据反演并进行特征参数分析,反演所得的电阻率模型与地震解释资料吻合,在进行大规模二维或三维反演前,结合测区已知地质钻井资料可建立反演初始模型,使用该模型对实际数据进行特征参数分析,可初步判断该数据是否适合反演。
In order to evaluate the effect of several factors, including the selection of electromagnetic(EM) field components, frequencies, and survey geometries, upon the inversion results for one-dimensional(1 D) frequency domain marine controlled-source electromagnetic(CSEM) problem, a series of numerical experiments on the 1 D canonical reservoir model were conducted. The results show that the inversion model can be greatly improved with multi-EM field components, multi-frequencies or the mixed survey geometries involved. Then, the real CSEM data from Troll filed of Norway was inverted, and the engenparameter analysis is performed for the inversion result. The obtained resistivity model is consistent with the seismic interpretation data. It is suggested that an appropriate starting reference model be constructed according to some prior information such as local geology and well data, and the engenparameter analysis be performed based on the model to evaluate the effectiveness of the data used for inversion.
In order to evaluate the effect of several factors, including the selection of electromagnetic(EM) field components, frequencies, and survey geometries, upon the inversion results for one-dimensional(1 D) frequency domain marine controlled-source electromagnetic(CSEM) problem, a series of numerical experiments on the 1 D canonical reservoir model were conducted. The results show that the inversion model can be greatly improved with multi-EM field components, multi-frequencies or the mixed survey geometries involved. Then, the real CSEM data from Troll filed of Norway was inverted, and the engenparameter analysis is performed for the inversion result. The obtained resistivity model is consistent with the seismic interpretation data. It is suggested that an appropriate starting reference model be constructed according to some prior information such as local geology and well data, and the engenparameter analysis be performed based on the model to evaluate the effectiveness of the data used for inversion.
引文
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[5] SILVA CREPALDI J L, PEREIRA BUONORA M P,FIGUEIREDO I. Fast marine CSEM inversion in the CMP domain using analytical derivatives[J]. Geophysics, 2011, 76(5):F303-F313.
[6] WEITEMEYER K, CONSTABLE S. Navigating marine electromagnetic transmitters using dipole field geometry[J].Geophysical Prospecting, 2014, 62(3):573-596.
[7] LI Yuguo, LI Gang. Electromagnetic field expressions in the wavenumber domain from both the horizontal and vertical electric dipoles[J]. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2016, 13(4):505-515.
[8]罗鸣,李予国,李刚.一维垂直各向异性介质频率域海洋可控源电磁资料反演方法[J].地球物理学报, 2016, 59(11):4349-4359.LUO Ming, LI Yuguo, LI Gang. Frequency-domain inversion of marine CSEM data in one-dimensional vertically anisotropic structures[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2016, 59(11):4349-4359.
[9] ABUBAKAR A, HABASHY T M, DRUSKIN V L, et al. 2.5D forward and inverse modeling for interpreting lowfrequency electromagnetic measurements[J]. Geophysics,2008, 73(4):F165-F177.
[10] ABUBAKAR A, HABASHY T M, LIN Y, et al. A modelcompression scheme for nonlinear electromagnetic inversions[J]. Geophysics, 2012, 77(5):E379-E389.
[11] MYER D, KEY K, CONSTABLE S. Marine CSEM of the Scarborough gas field, part 2:2D inversion[J]. Geophysics,2015, 80(3):E187-E196.
[12] KEY K. MARE2DEM:a 2—D inversion code for controlledsource electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data[J].Geophysical Journal International, 2016, 207(1):571-588.
[13] GUO Zhenwei, DONG Hefeng, KRISTENSEN?. Imageguided regularization of marine electromagnetic inversion[J].Geophysics, 2017, 82(4):E221-E232.
[14] NEWMAN G A, ALUMBAUGH D L. Three-dimensional massively parallel electromagnetic inversion:Theory[J].Geophysical Journal International, 1997, 128(2):345-354.
[15] COMMER M, NEWMAN G A. New advances in threedimensional controlled—source electromagnetic inversion[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2008, 172(2):513-535.
[16] ZHDANOV M S. Electromagnetic geophysics:Notes from the past and the road ahead[J]. Geophysics, 2010, 75(5):75A49-75A66.
[17] LI MAOKUN, ABUBAKAR A, LIU JIANGUO, et al. A compressed implicit Jacobian scheme for 3D electromagnetic data inversion[J]. Geophysics, 2011, 76(3):F173-F178.
[18] GRAYVER A V, STREICH R, RITTER O. Threedimensional parallel distributed inversion of CSEM data using a direct forward solver[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2013, 193(3):1432-1446.
[19]翁爱华,刘云鹤,贾定宇,等.地面可控源频率测深三维非线性共轭梯度反演[J].地球物理学报, 2012, 55(10):3506-3515.WENG Aihuai, LIU Yunhe, JIA Dingyu, et al. Threedimensional controlled source electromagnetic inversion using non-linear conjugate gradients[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2012, 55(10):3506-3515.
[20]林昌洪,谭捍东,舒晴,等.可控源音频大地电磁三维共轭梯度反演研究[J].地球物理学报, 2012, 55(11):3829-3838.LIN Changhong, TAN Handong, SHU Qing, et al. Threedimensional conjugate gradient inversion of CSAMT data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2012, 55(11):3829-3838.
[21]刘云鹤,殷长春.三维频率域航空电磁反演研究[J].地球物理学报, 2013, 56(12):4278-4287.LIU Yunhe, YIN Changchun. 3D inversion for frequencydomain HEM data[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2013,56(12):4278-4287.
[22]戴世坤,王顺国,张钱江,等.频率域可控源电磁法2.5D正反演[J].中国有色金属学报, 2013, 23(9):2513-2523.DAI Shikun, WANG Shunguo, ZHANG Qianjiang, et al. 2.5D forward and inversion of CSEM in frequency domain[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2013, 23(9):2513-2523.
[23]彭荣华,胡祥云,韩波.基于高斯牛顿法的频率域可控源电磁三维反演研究[J].地球物理学报, 2016, 59(9):3470-3481.PENG Ronghua, HU Xiangyun, HAN Bo. 3D inversion of frequency-domain CSEM data based on Gauss-Newton optimization[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2016, 59(9):3470-3481.
[24]赵宁,王绪本,秦策,等.三维频率域可控源电磁反演研究[J].地球物理学报, 2016, 59(1):330-341.ZHAO Ning, WANG Xuben, QIN Ce, et al. 3D frequencydomain CSEM inversion[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016, 59(1):330-341.
[25] CONSTABLE S, WEISS C J. Mapping thin resistors and hydrocarbons with marine EM methods:Insights from 1D modeling[J]. Geophysics, 2006, 71(2):G43-G51.
[26] EDWARDS R N. On the resource evaluation of marine gas hydrate deposits using sea—floor transient electric dipoledipole methods[J]. Geophysics, 1997, 62(1):63-74.
[27] SCHOLL C, EDWARDS R N. Marine downhole to seafloor dipole-dipole electromagnetic methods and the resolution of resistive targets[J]. Geophysics, 2007, 72(2)WA39-WA49.
[28] H?LZ S, SWIDINSKY A, SOMMER M, et al. The use of rotational invariants for the interpretation of marine CSEM data with a case study from the North Alex mud volcano,West Nile Delta[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2015,201(1):224-245.
[29] SWIDINSKY A, EDWARDS R N. Joint inversion of navigation and resistivity using a fixed transmitter and a towed receiver array:a transient marine CSEM model study[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2011, 186(3):987-996.
[30] LI Gang, LI Yuguo. Joint inversion for transmitter navigation and seafloor resistivity for frequency-domain marine CSEM data[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2017, 136:178-189.
[31] ANDERSON W L. Fast Hankel transforms using related and lagged convolutions[J]. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, 1982, 8(4):344-368.
[32] NOCEDAL J, WRIGHT S J. Numerical optimization[M].New York:Springer-Verlag, 1999:259-262.
[33] OLDENBURG D W, HABER E, SHEKHTMAN R. Three dimensional inversion of multisource time domain electromagnetic data[J]. Geophysics, 2013, 78(1):E47-E57.
[34] ZHDANOV M S. Geophysical Inverse Theory and regularization problems[M]. Amsterdam, The Netherlands:Elsevier, 2002.
[35] HABASHY T M, ABUBAKAR A. A general framework for constraint minimization for the inversion of electromagnetic measurements[J]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research,2004, 46:265-312.
[36] HU Wenyi, ABUBAKAR A, HABASHY T M. Simultaneous multifrequency inversion of full-waveform seismic data[J].Geophysics, 2009, 74(2):R1-R14.
[37] LANG S. Complex analysis[M]. New York:Springer, 2013:187-188.
[38] MORTEN J P, ROTH F, KARLSEN S A, et al. Field appraisal and accurate resource estimation from 3D quantitative interpretation of seismic and CSEM data[J]. The Leading Edge, 2012, 31(4):447-456.
[2] CONSTABLE S. Ten years of marine CSEM for hydrocarbon exploration[J]. Geophysics, 2010, 75(5):75A67-75A81.
[3] WEITEMEYER K, GAO Guozhong, CONSTABLE S, et al.The practical application of 2D inversion to marine controlled-source electromagnetic data[J]. Geophysics, 2010,75(6):F199-F211.
[4] KEY K. 1D inversion of multicomponent, multifrequency marine CSEM data:Methodology and synthetic studies for resolving thin resistive layers[J]. Geophysics, 2009, 74(2):F9-F20.
[5] SILVA CREPALDI J L, PEREIRA BUONORA M P,FIGUEIREDO I. Fast marine CSEM inversion in the CMP domain using analytical derivatives[J]. Geophysics, 2011, 76(5):F303-F313.
[6] WEITEMEYER K, CONSTABLE S. Navigating marine electromagnetic transmitters using dipole field geometry[J].Geophysical Prospecting, 2014, 62(3):573-596.
[7] LI Yuguo, LI Gang. Electromagnetic field expressions in the wavenumber domain from both the horizontal and vertical electric dipoles[J]. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2016, 13(4):505-515.
[8]罗鸣,李予国,李刚.一维垂直各向异性介质频率域海洋可控源电磁资料反演方法[J].地球物理学报, 2016, 59(11):4349-4359.LUO Ming, LI Yuguo, LI Gang. Frequency-domain inversion of marine CSEM data in one-dimensional vertically anisotropic structures[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2016, 59(11):4349-4359.
[9] ABUBAKAR A, HABASHY T M, DRUSKIN V L, et al. 2.5D forward and inverse modeling for interpreting lowfrequency electromagnetic measurements[J]. Geophysics,2008, 73(4):F165-F177.
[10] ABUBAKAR A, HABASHY T M, LIN Y, et al. A modelcompression scheme for nonlinear electromagnetic inversions[J]. Geophysics, 2012, 77(5):E379-E389.
[11] MYER D, KEY K, CONSTABLE S. Marine CSEM of the Scarborough gas field, part 2:2D inversion[J]. Geophysics,2015, 80(3):E187-E196.
[12] KEY K. MARE2DEM:a 2—D inversion code for controlledsource electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data[J].Geophysical Journal International, 2016, 207(1):571-588.
[13] GUO Zhenwei, DONG Hefeng, KRISTENSEN?. Imageguided regularization of marine electromagnetic inversion[J].Geophysics, 2017, 82(4):E221-E232.
[14] NEWMAN G A, ALUMBAUGH D L. Three-dimensional massively parallel electromagnetic inversion:Theory[J].Geophysical Journal International, 1997, 128(2):345-354.
[15] COMMER M, NEWMAN G A. New advances in threedimensional controlled—source electromagnetic inversion[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2008, 172(2):513-535.
[16] ZHDANOV M S. Electromagnetic geophysics:Notes from the past and the road ahead[J]. Geophysics, 2010, 75(5):75A49-75A66.
[17] LI MAOKUN, ABUBAKAR A, LIU JIANGUO, et al. A compressed implicit Jacobian scheme for 3D electromagnetic data inversion[J]. Geophysics, 2011, 76(3):F173-F178.
[18] GRAYVER A V, STREICH R, RITTER O. Threedimensional parallel distributed inversion of CSEM data using a direct forward solver[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2013, 193(3):1432-1446.
[19]翁爱华,刘云鹤,贾定宇,等.地面可控源频率测深三维非线性共轭梯度反演[J].地球物理学报, 2012, 55(10):3506-3515.WENG Aihuai, LIU Yunhe, JIA Dingyu, et al. Threedimensional controlled source electromagnetic inversion using non-linear conjugate gradients[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2012, 55(10):3506-3515.
[20]林昌洪,谭捍东,舒晴,等.可控源音频大地电磁三维共轭梯度反演研究[J].地球物理学报, 2012, 55(11):3829-3838.LIN Changhong, TAN Handong, SHU Qing, et al. Threedimensional conjugate gradient inversion of CSAMT data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2012, 55(11):3829-3838.
[21]刘云鹤,殷长春.三维频率域航空电磁反演研究[J].地球物理学报, 2013, 56(12):4278-4287.LIU Yunhe, YIN Changchun. 3D inversion for frequencydomain HEM data[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2013,56(12):4278-4287.
[22]戴世坤,王顺国,张钱江,等.频率域可控源电磁法2.5D正反演[J].中国有色金属学报, 2013, 23(9):2513-2523.DAI Shikun, WANG Shunguo, ZHANG Qianjiang, et al. 2.5D forward and inversion of CSEM in frequency domain[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2013, 23(9):2513-2523.
[23]彭荣华,胡祥云,韩波.基于高斯牛顿法的频率域可控源电磁三维反演研究[J].地球物理学报, 2016, 59(9):3470-3481.PENG Ronghua, HU Xiangyun, HAN Bo. 3D inversion of frequency-domain CSEM data based on Gauss-Newton optimization[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2016, 59(9):3470-3481.
[24]赵宁,王绪本,秦策,等.三维频率域可控源电磁反演研究[J].地球物理学报, 2016, 59(1):330-341.ZHAO Ning, WANG Xuben, QIN Ce, et al. 3D frequencydomain CSEM inversion[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016, 59(1):330-341.
[25] CONSTABLE S, WEISS C J. Mapping thin resistors and hydrocarbons with marine EM methods:Insights from 1D modeling[J]. Geophysics, 2006, 71(2):G43-G51.
[26] EDWARDS R N. On the resource evaluation of marine gas hydrate deposits using sea—floor transient electric dipoledipole methods[J]. Geophysics, 1997, 62(1):63-74.
[27] SCHOLL C, EDWARDS R N. Marine downhole to seafloor dipole-dipole electromagnetic methods and the resolution of resistive targets[J]. Geophysics, 2007, 72(2)WA39-WA49.
[28] H?LZ S, SWIDINSKY A, SOMMER M, et al. The use of rotational invariants for the interpretation of marine CSEM data with a case study from the North Alex mud volcano,West Nile Delta[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2015,201(1):224-245.
[29] SWIDINSKY A, EDWARDS R N. Joint inversion of navigation and resistivity using a fixed transmitter and a towed receiver array:a transient marine CSEM model study[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2011, 186(3):987-996.
[30] LI Gang, LI Yuguo. Joint inversion for transmitter navigation and seafloor resistivity for frequency-domain marine CSEM data[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2017, 136:178-189.
[31] ANDERSON W L. Fast Hankel transforms using related and lagged convolutions[J]. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, 1982, 8(4):344-368.
[32] NOCEDAL J, WRIGHT S J. Numerical optimization[M].New York:Springer-Verlag, 1999:259-262.
[33] OLDENBURG D W, HABER E, SHEKHTMAN R. Three dimensional inversion of multisource time domain electromagnetic data[J]. Geophysics, 2013, 78(1):E47-E57.
[34] ZHDANOV M S. Geophysical Inverse Theory and regularization problems[M]. Amsterdam, The Netherlands:Elsevier, 2002.
[35] HABASHY T M, ABUBAKAR A. A general framework for constraint minimization for the inversion of electromagnetic measurements[J]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research,2004, 46:265-312.
[36] HU Wenyi, ABUBAKAR A, HABASHY T M. Simultaneous multifrequency inversion of full-waveform seismic data[J].Geophysics, 2009, 74(2):R1-R14.
[37] LANG S. Complex analysis[M]. New York:Springer, 2013:187-188.
[38] MORTEN J P, ROTH F, KARLSEN S A, et al. Field appraisal and accurate resource estimation from 3D quantitative interpretation of seismic and CSEM data[J]. The Leading Edge, 2012, 31(4):447-456.
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