涌泉根灌对陕北山地枣树土壤水分和水分利用效率的影响
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摘要
为探讨涌泉根灌条件下枣树生育期土壤水分动态和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响,2014年在陕北米脂远志山进行了山地枣树灌溉试验。结果表明,涌泉根灌枣树土壤含水率随灌水定额的增大而增大,并在30～60cm范围达到水分峰值,灌水定额越小,各不同土层土壤含水率差异越显著,在整个物候期根系主要吸收分布在0～60cm土层的水分;各灌水处理均在不同程度上影响了土壤含水率,特别是高灌水定额的处理在萌芽展叶期和果实膨大期的土壤含水率提高最显著。同样的灌溉定额在整个物候期内最优处理为仅在果实膨大期补灌一次,灌水定额为180m~3·hm~(-2);枣树的需水关键期为果实膨大期,在该时期灌水能够得到较高的产量。2014年的最适宜的灌溉制度为:萌芽展叶期灌水一次,灌水定额为135m~3·hm~(-2),果实膨大期灌水一次,灌水定额为180m~3·hm~(-2)。零灌溉条件下枣树产量达到800kg·亩-1,说明通过合理的管理,在旱区实施枣树零灌溉是有可能的。
In order to investigate the effects of soil water dynamics and water use efficiency(WUE)on jujube tree during its growth period under bubbled-root irrigation,the irrigation experiment on jujube tree in Yuanzhi mountain in Mizhi,northern shaanxi was conducted in2014.The results showed that the soil water content of jujube in bubbled-root irrigation increased with the increase of irrigation quota,and reached the peak value of water within the range of 30～60 cm.The soil moisture content was much more significant when the irrigation quota was smaller.The root system mainly absorbed water in 0～60 cm soil layer.All irrigation treatments affected the soil water content to some extent,especially the treatment with high irrigation rate increased the soil water content most significantly in the period of germination and leaf spreading and the period of fruit expansion.The optimal treatment of the same irrigation quota in the whole phenological period was only one additional irrigation in the fruit expansion period,and the irrigation quota was 180 m~3·hm~(-2).The key period of water demand for jujube is the period of fruit expansion.In 2014,the most suitable irrigation system was as follows:The irrigation should be done once in germination and leaf-spreading stage with the quota of 135 m~3·hm~(-2) and once in fruit growing stage with the quota of 180 m~3·hm~(-2).The yield of jujube tree reached 800 kg/mu under zero irrigation condition,indicating that zero irrigation of jujube tree in dry area is possible through reasonable management.
In order to investigate the effects of soil water dynamics and water use efficiency(WUE)on jujube tree during its growth period under bubbled-root irrigation,the irrigation experiment on jujube tree in Yuanzhi mountain in Mizhi,northern shaanxi was conducted in2014.The results showed that the soil water content of jujube in bubbled-root irrigation increased with the increase of irrigation quota,and reached the peak value of water within the range of 30～60 cm.The soil moisture content was much more significant when the irrigation quota was smaller.The root system mainly absorbed water in 0～60 cm soil layer.All irrigation treatments affected the soil water content to some extent,especially the treatment with high irrigation rate increased the soil water content most significantly in the period of germination and leaf spreading and the period of fruit expansion.The optimal treatment of the same irrigation quota in the whole phenological period was only one additional irrigation in the fruit expansion period,and the irrigation quota was 180 m~3·hm~(-2).The key period of water demand for jujube is the period of fruit expansion.In 2014,the most suitable irrigation system was as follows:The irrigation should be done once in germination and leaf-spreading stage with the quota of 135 m~3·hm~(-2) and once in fruit growing stage with the quota of 180 m~3·hm~(-2).The yield of jujube tree reached 800 kg/mu under zero irrigation condition,indicating that zero irrigation of jujube tree in dry area is possible through reasonable management.
引文
[1]何振嘉,董起广,杨凯,等.陕北黄土高原枣树需水规律与灌溉需水量研究[J].节水灌溉,2017(12):33-38.
[2]范俐.陕北红枣产业发展现状、存在问题及建议[J].陕西林业,2010(3):8.
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[4]邢清枝,任志远,王丽霞,等.基于生态足迹法的陕北地区水资源可持续利用评价[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(6):793-798.
[5]汪有科,徐福利,辛小桂.微灌技术在陕北山地红枣生产中的应用示范研究[J].水土保持通报,2008(4):198-204.
[6]王娟,马英杰,洪明,等.调亏灌溉对滴灌红枣生长与品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(3):126-129.
[7]张承林,付子轼.水分胁迫对荔枝幼树根系与梢生长的影响[J].果树学报,2005,22(4),339-342.
[8]Pérez J G,Romero P,Navarro J M,et al.Response of sweet orange’Lane Late’to deficit irrigation in two rootstocks.I:water relations,leaf gas exchange and vegetative growth[J].Irrigation Science,2008,26(5):415-425.
[9]Romero P,Botia P,Garcia F.Effects of regulated deficit irrigation under subsurface drip irrigation conditions on vegetative development and yield of mature almond trees[J].Plant Soil,2004,260:169-181.
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[11]武阳,王伟,雷廷武,等.调亏灌溉对滴灌成龄香梨果树生长及果实产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,11:118-124.
[12]费良军,曹俊,聂卫波.涌泉根灌土壤湿润体特性试验[J].灌排机械学报,2011,29(3):260-265.
[13]樊晓康,陈俊英,牛文全,等.涌泉根灌土壤湿润体影响因素的试验研究[J].节水灌溉,2011(10):1-4.
[14]李明思,康绍忠,孙海燕.点源滴灌滴头流量与湿润体关系研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(4):32-35.
[15]李耀刚,王文娥,胡笑涛,等.涌泉根灌条件下土壤水分运动数值模拟研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,31(3):42-47.
[16]汪有科,黎朋红,马理辉,等.涌泉根灌在黄土坡地的水分运移规律试验[J].灌排机械工程学报,2010,28,(5):449-454.
[17]周罕觅,张富仓,李志军,等.桃树需水信号及产量和果实品质对水分的响应研究[J].农业机械学报,2014,12(26):171-180.
[18]Verreynne J S,Rabe E K,Theron I.The effect of combined deficit irrigation and summer trunk girdling on the internal fruit quality of‘Marisol’Clementines[J].Scientia Horticulture Journal,2001,91:25-37.
[19]房玉林,孙伟,万力,等.调亏灌溉对酿酒葡萄生长及果实品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,13:2730-2738.
[20]Gelly M,Recasens I,Mata M,et al.Effects of stage II and postharvest deficit irrigation on peach quality during maturation and after cold storage[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2004,84(6):561-568.
[21]何振嘉,傅渝亮.涌泉根灌条件下覆盖方式对枣树土壤水分动态变化及产量的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2018(9):85-89,100.
[2]范俐.陕北红枣产业发展现状、存在问题及建议[J].陕西林业,2010(3):8.
[3]吴喜军,李怀恩.陕北地区水资源及其可利用量计算分析[J].水土保持通报,2011,33(2):296-300.
[4]邢清枝,任志远,王丽霞,等.基于生态足迹法的陕北地区水资源可持续利用评价[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(6):793-798.
[5]汪有科,徐福利,辛小桂.微灌技术在陕北山地红枣生产中的应用示范研究[J].水土保持通报,2008(4):198-204.
[6]王娟,马英杰,洪明,等.调亏灌溉对滴灌红枣生长与品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(3):126-129.
[7]张承林,付子轼.水分胁迫对荔枝幼树根系与梢生长的影响[J].果树学报,2005,22(4),339-342.
[8]Pérez J G,Romero P,Navarro J M,et al.Response of sweet orange’Lane Late’to deficit irrigation in two rootstocks.I:water relations,leaf gas exchange and vegetative growth[J].Irrigation Science,2008,26(5):415-425.
[9]Romero P,Botia P,Garcia F.Effects of regulated deficit irrigation under subsurface drip irrigation conditions on vegetative development and yield of mature almond trees[J].Plant Soil,2004,260:169-181.
[10]Hueso J J,Cuevas J.Loquat as a crop model for successful deficit irrigation[J].Irrigation Science,2008,26:269-276.
[11]武阳,王伟,雷廷武,等.调亏灌溉对滴灌成龄香梨果树生长及果实产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,11:118-124.
[12]费良军,曹俊,聂卫波.涌泉根灌土壤湿润体特性试验[J].灌排机械学报,2011,29(3):260-265.
[13]樊晓康,陈俊英,牛文全,等.涌泉根灌土壤湿润体影响因素的试验研究[J].节水灌溉,2011(10):1-4.
[14]李明思,康绍忠,孙海燕.点源滴灌滴头流量与湿润体关系研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(4):32-35.
[15]李耀刚,王文娥,胡笑涛,等.涌泉根灌条件下土壤水分运动数值模拟研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,31(3):42-47.
[16]汪有科,黎朋红,马理辉,等.涌泉根灌在黄土坡地的水分运移规律试验[J].灌排机械工程学报,2010,28,(5):449-454.
[17]周罕觅,张富仓,李志军,等.桃树需水信号及产量和果实品质对水分的响应研究[J].农业机械学报,2014,12(26):171-180.
[18]Verreynne J S,Rabe E K,Theron I.The effect of combined deficit irrigation and summer trunk girdling on the internal fruit quality of‘Marisol’Clementines[J].Scientia Horticulture Journal,2001,91:25-37.
[19]房玉林,孙伟,万力,等.调亏灌溉对酿酒葡萄生长及果实品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,13:2730-2738.
[20]Gelly M,Recasens I,Mata M,et al.Effects of stage II and postharvest deficit irrigation on peach quality during maturation and after cold storage[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2004,84(6):561-568.
[21]何振嘉,傅渝亮.涌泉根灌条件下覆盖方式对枣树土壤水分动态变化及产量的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2018(9):85-89,100.