黑河流域上游水沙输移趋势及其成因分析
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摘要
利用黑河上游干流的主要水文站(札马什克、祁连和莺落峡水文站)近60年的实测径流、输沙及降水资料,采用M-K非参数检验法、累计距平法和相关分析法,研究其水沙输移趋势及成因。结果表明:黑河上游水沙年内分配不均匀,札马什克、祁连水文站径流量有显著增加趋势,输沙量呈缓慢增加趋势;受区间产流产沙及水库拦沙的影响,莺落峡站径流量与输沙量趋势变化完全相反。祁连和莺落峡站降水对径流增加的贡献率在30%以上,水库建设和水土流失对莺落峡站输沙减少的贡献率达101. 5%,水库拦沙是莺落峡水文站输沙量显著减少的主要原因,每年平均淤积90. 65×104t,水土流失也是20世纪90年代以前黑河上游输沙量增加的重要原因。
Based on the measured runoff,sediment transport and precipitation data of the main hydrological station in the upper reaches of Heihe River basin in the last 60 years,the water and sediment transport trends and causes were studied by the M-K non parametric test,the cumulative anomaly method and the correlation analysis method. The results showed that the distribution of water and sediment within a year was very uneven in the upper reaches of Heihe River,and the runoff took a significant increase trend at the Zhamashike and Qilian hydrological stations. However the sediment transports showed a slowly increasing trend. Affected by the intervening runoff and sediment production and the reservoir 's interception of sand,the trend of runoff and sediment transport at the Yingluoxia hydrological Station was completely opposite. The contribution rate of precipitation in the Qilian and Yingluoxia hydrological stations was over 30%; the contribution rate of reservoir construction and soil erosion to the reduction of sediment transport at the Yingluoxia hydrological station was 101. 5%. The main reason for the significant reduction in sediment discharge was the silt trapping of reservoir at the Yingluoxia hydrological station,and the average annual siltation sediment was 90. 65 × 104 t. Soil erosion was also an important reason for the increase of sediment discharge in the upper reaches of the Heihe River before the 1990 s.
Based on the measured runoff,sediment transport and precipitation data of the main hydrological station in the upper reaches of Heihe River basin in the last 60 years,the water and sediment transport trends and causes were studied by the M-K non parametric test,the cumulative anomaly method and the correlation analysis method. The results showed that the distribution of water and sediment within a year was very uneven in the upper reaches of Heihe River,and the runoff took a significant increase trend at the Zhamashike and Qilian hydrological stations. However the sediment transports showed a slowly increasing trend. Affected by the intervening runoff and sediment production and the reservoir 's interception of sand,the trend of runoff and sediment transport at the Yingluoxia hydrological Station was completely opposite. The contribution rate of precipitation in the Qilian and Yingluoxia hydrological stations was over 30%; the contribution rate of reservoir construction and soil erosion to the reduction of sediment transport at the Yingluoxia hydrological station was 101. 5%. The main reason for the significant reduction in sediment discharge was the silt trapping of reservoir at the Yingluoxia hydrological station,and the average annual siltation sediment was 90. 65 × 104 t. Soil erosion was also an important reason for the increase of sediment discharge in the upper reaches of the Heihe River before the 1990 s.
引文
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[15]赵琛,张兰慧,李金麟,等.黑河上游土壤含水量的空间分布与环境因子的关系[J].兰州大学学报(自科版),2014,50(3):338-347.
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[2]刘娜,谢永宏,张称意,等.澧水水沙变化特征及成因分析[J].水文,2014,34(2):87-92.
[3]Zhang Q,Xu C Y,Singh V P,et al. Multiscale variability of sediment load and streamflow of the lower Yangtze River basin:Possible causes and implications[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2009,368(1):96-104.
[4]Milliman J D,Farnsworth K L,Jones P D,et al. Climatic and anthropogenic factors affecting river discharge to the global ocean,1951–2000[J]. Global&Planetary Change,2008,62(3–4):187-194.
[5]丁永建,叶佰生,刘时银.祁连山中部地区40a来气候变化及其对径流的影响[J].冰川冻土,2000,22(3):193-199.
[6]王昱,连运涛,范严伟,等.黑河流域上游水沙变化特征及成因分析[J].水土保持通报,2018,39(2):1-9.
[7]王录仓,张晓玉.黑河流域近期气候变化对水资源的影响分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(4):60-65.
[8]欧阳潮波,王文龙,田勇,等. 60年来黄河河龙区间水沙变化特征及人类活动影响评价[J].泥沙研究,2016(4):55-61.
[9]姚俊强,杨青,韩雪云,等.气候变化对天山山区高寒盆地水资源变化的影响-以巴音布鲁克盆地为例[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(6):1167-1173.
[10]郭斌.黑河干流泥沙时空变化及其成因分析[J].甘肃水利水电技术,2011,47(3):9-11.
[11]信忠保,许炯心,余新晓.近50年黄土高原水土流失的时空变化[J].生态学报,2009,29(3):1129-1139.
[12]李占玲,徐宗学.黑河上游山区径流变化特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(9):51-56.
[13]王宇涵,杨大文,雷慧闽,等.冰冻圈水文过程对黑河上游径流的影响分析[J].水利学报,2015,46(9):1064-1071.
[14]崔亮,陈学林,安冬,等. 60年来黑河流域东部子水系中上游径流量、输沙量变化特征分析[J].水文,2015,35(1):82-87.
[15]赵琛,张兰慧,李金麟,等.黑河上游土壤含水量的空间分布与环境因子的关系[J].兰州大学学报(自科版),2014,50(3):338-347.
[16]田磊,任建华.关于加强黑河流域青海源头区治理的思考[J].中国水土保持,2010(11):32-34.
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