兴化湾污损生物群落结构及其时空格局
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摘要
于2017年6月至2018年5月在兴化湾口东北面进行污损生物周年挂板试验,全年共记录污损生物12门94种,群落组成以近岸暖水种为主,主要表现为典型的亚热带内湾型群落。网纹藤壶(Amphibalanus reticulatus)是最主要的优势种和代表种,其平均附着密度和湿重分别可达23 394ind./m~2和8 494. 4 g/m~2。其它优势种还有刚毛藻(Cladophora sp.)、叉节藻(Amphiroa sp.)、中胚花筒螅(Ectopleura crocea)、双列笔螅(Pennaria disticha)、细毛背鳞虫(Lepidonotus tenuisetosus)、翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)、福建牡蛎(Magallana angulata)、三角藤壶(Balanus trigonus)、加尔板钩虾(Stenothoe gallensis)、长鳃麦杆虫(Caprella equilibra)、角突麦杆虫(Caprella scaura)、大室别藻苔虫(Biflustra grandicella)、史氏菊海鞘(Botryllus schlosseri)等。夏季为污损生物的附着旺季,其附着厚度、覆盖面积、附着密度和湿重分别为30. 5 mm、100%、25 175 ind./m~2、8 783. 6 g/m~2,其次分别为秋季、春季和冬季,下半年的附着强度明显高于上半年,附着强度的垂直分布差异并不明显,主要区别在于表层有部分藻类附着,而底层几乎没有藻类分布。
The investigation of marine fouling assemblages on concrete test panels in the northeast of Xinghua Bay was conducted from June 2017 to May 2018. A total of 94 species of fouling organisms belonging to 12 phyla were identified. The fouling organisms were mainly composed of coastal and warm water affinities and reflected distinct characteristics of subtropical embayments. The dominant species were Amphibalanus reticulates,its average density and biomass were 23 394 ind./m~2 and 8 494. 4 g/m~2,respectively. Other major species included Cladophora sp.,Amphiroa sp.,Ectopleura crocea,Pennaria disticha,Lepidonotus tenuisetosus,Perna viridis,Magallana angulata,Balanus trigonus,Stenothoe gallensis,Caprella equilibra,Caprella scaura,Biflustra grandicella,Botryllus schlosseri,etc. The adhesive strength of the fouling organisms was highest in summer. The thickness,area,density and biomass colonized of the fouling were 30. 5 mm,100%,25 175 ind./m~2 and 8 783. 6 g/m~2,respectively. Followed by autumn,spring and winter,respectively. The adhesion strength in the second half of the year was significantly higher than that in the first half of the year. The vertical distribution of adhesion strength was not obvious.The main difference was that some algae adhered to the surface layer,while there was almost no algae distribution on the bottom layer.
The investigation of marine fouling assemblages on concrete test panels in the northeast of Xinghua Bay was conducted from June 2017 to May 2018. A total of 94 species of fouling organisms belonging to 12 phyla were identified. The fouling organisms were mainly composed of coastal and warm water affinities and reflected distinct characteristics of subtropical embayments. The dominant species were Amphibalanus reticulates,its average density and biomass were 23 394 ind./m~2 and 8 494. 4 g/m~2,respectively. Other major species included Cladophora sp.,Amphiroa sp.,Ectopleura crocea,Pennaria disticha,Lepidonotus tenuisetosus,Perna viridis,Magallana angulata,Balanus trigonus,Stenothoe gallensis,Caprella equilibra,Caprella scaura,Biflustra grandicella,Botryllus schlosseri,etc. The adhesive strength of the fouling organisms was highest in summer. The thickness,area,density and biomass colonized of the fouling were 30. 5 mm,100%,25 175 ind./m~2 and 8 783. 6 g/m~2,respectively. Followed by autumn,spring and winter,respectively. The adhesion strength in the second half of the year was significantly higher than that in the first half of the year. The vertical distribution of adhesion strength was not obvious.The main difference was that some algae adhered to the surface layer,while there was almost no algae distribution on the bottom layer.
引文
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[2]曹文浩，严涛，谢恩义，等．雷州半岛东南海域污损浮标的大型藻类[J]．生态环境学报，2017,26(4):658-662．
[3]SAMMARCO P W,ATCHISON A D,BOLAND G S.Expansion of coral communities within the northern Gulf of Mexico via offshore oil and gas platforms[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2004,280:129-143．
[4]周斌，冯春辉，刘伟，等．渤海石油平台污损生物生态研究[J]．渔业科学进展，2016,37(3):9-13．
[5]GREENE J K,GRIZZLE R E.Successional development of fouling communities on open ocean aquaculture fish cages in the western Gulf of Maine,USA[J].Aquaculture,2007,262:289-301．
[6]王建军，黄宗国，李传燕，等．厦门港网箱养殖场污损生物的研究[J]．海洋学报，1996,18(5):93-102．
[7]QVARFORDT S,KAUTSKY H,MALM T.Development of fouling communities on vertical structures in the Baltic Sea[J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2006,67:618-628．
[8]林和山，王建军，郑成兴，等．东山湾污损生物生态研究[J]．海洋学报，2012,34(6):160-169．
[9]林和山，王建军，郑成兴，等．泉州湾污损生物生态研究[J]．海洋学报，2014,36(4):100-109．
[10]邱茂福，蓝虹，郑崇荣，等．湄洲湾秀屿港污损生物生态研究[J]．海洋环境科学，2017,36(6):871-876．
[11]王涛，严涛，曹文浩，等．中国沿海污损性双壳类特点分析[J]．广东海洋大学学报，2015,35(1):104-108．
[12]严涛，严文侠．海南岛东部海域污损生物研究[J]．海洋与湖沼，1998,29(4):22-27．
[13]国家海洋局．海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查:GB/T 12763.6-2007[S]．北京:中国标准出版社，2007．
[14]严涛，黎祖福，胡煜峰，等．中国沿海无柄蔓足类研究进展[J]．生态学报，2012,32(16):5 230-5 241．
[15]黄宗国，蔡如星．海洋污损生物及其防涂(上册)[M]．北京:海洋出版社，1984．
[16]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所．大亚湾海洋生态文集Ⅱ[M]．北京:海洋出版社，1990:478-488.