基于生态系统服务价值的安徽省生态保护地保护成效评估
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摘要
土地利用变化是生态系统服务变化的主要驱动因素。评估区域尺度各类生态保护地(区)的生态系统结构及其服务价值变化是研判其综合保护成效的有效方法。运用GIS和RS技术,基于1995—2015年遥感数据,在纵向时间维度和横向保护地内外空间维度对比分析了安徽省全部12类自然生态保护地(区)土地覆被变化状况及生态系统服务价值的响应。结果表明,1995—2015年,研究区土地覆被面积增减规律与全省一致,均表现为农田面积大幅缩减,建设用地大幅增加,湿地面积小幅增加,草地和林地面积小幅减少,但区内整体变化强度较全省平均水平弱。森林和湿地生态系统服务价值构成了研究区生态价值总量的主体,约占85%。受单个当量因子经济价值增加的影响,研究期间,保护地(区)内生态服务价值量增长了10.6%,但在全省的占比份额(对全省的贡献率)呈下降趋势。安徽保护地(区)生态状况在局部地区有所好转,收到一定的保护成效,但总体恶化过程未能扭转。
Land cover change is a major factor that drives changes in ecosystem services. Measuring variations in the values of ecosystem services that correspond to changes in ecosystem structure is an effective way of assessing protective effect of ecological protected areas(Abbreviated as EPA) in regional scale. With GIS and RS technology, characteristics of land cover change and ecosystem services value of different years in 12 types of ecological protected areas in Anhui Province were analyzed with remote sensing image of the year 1995-2015. The results showed that farmland area reduced while construction land expanded significantly, wetland areas increased slightly, grassland and forestland area was slightly reduced in ecological protected areas from 1995 to 2015. Although the rule of area change in study area was consistent with the whole province's basically, the intensity of change in study area was much weaker than the province's. The total ecosystem services value mostly consisted of that of forest and wetland, accounting for 85% approximately. During the study, the total ecosystem services value of protected areas increased by 10.6% influenced by the increasing of equivalent value per unit area of ecosystem services between 1995 and 2015. However, the proportion of the province showed a downward trend. The ecological environment quality of ecological protected areas has improved in some certain places but the overall deterioration process failed to reverse.
Land cover change is a major factor that drives changes in ecosystem services. Measuring variations in the values of ecosystem services that correspond to changes in ecosystem structure is an effective way of assessing protective effect of ecological protected areas(Abbreviated as EPA) in regional scale. With GIS and RS technology, characteristics of land cover change and ecosystem services value of different years in 12 types of ecological protected areas in Anhui Province were analyzed with remote sensing image of the year 1995-2015. The results showed that farmland area reduced while construction land expanded significantly, wetland areas increased slightly, grassland and forestland area was slightly reduced in ecological protected areas from 1995 to 2015. Although the rule of area change in study area was consistent with the whole province's basically, the intensity of change in study area was much weaker than the province's. The total ecosystem services value mostly consisted of that of forest and wetland, accounting for 85% approximately. During the study, the total ecosystem services value of protected areas increased by 10.6% influenced by the increasing of equivalent value per unit area of ecosystem services between 1995 and 2015. However, the proportion of the province showed a downward trend. The ecological environment quality of ecological protected areas has improved in some certain places but the overall deterioration process failed to reverse.
引文
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[2]刘冬,林乃峰,邹长新,等.国外生态保护地体系对我国生态保护红线划定与管理的启示[J].生物多样性,2015,23(6):708-715.
[3]王伟,辛利娟,杜金鸿,等.自然保护地保护成效评估:进展与展望[J].生物多样性,2016,24(10):1177-1188.
[4]JOPPA L N,PFAFF A.Global protected area impacts[J].PRoy Soc Lond B Bio,2011,278(1712):1633-1638.
[5]ROGERS J.The effectiveness of protected areas in central Africa:A remotely sensed measure of deforestation and access[D].New York:Columbia University,2011.
[6]ANDAM K S,FERRARO P J,PFAFF A,et al.Measuring the effectiveness of protected area networks in reducing deforestation[J].P Natl Acad Sci USA,2008,105(42):16089-16094.
[7]关博,崔国发,朴正吉.自然保护区野生动物保护成效评价研究综述[J].世界林业研究,2012,25(6):40-45.
[8]WANG W,PECHACEK P,ZHANG M X,et al.Effectiveness of nature reserve system for conserving tropical forests:A statistical evaluation of hainan island,China[J].PLoS One,2013,8(2):e57561.
[9]郑姚闽,张海英,牛振国,等.中国国家级湿地自然保护区保护成效初步评估[J].科学通报,2012,57(4):207-230.
[10]张镱锂,胡忠俊,祁威,等.基于NPP数据和样区对比法的青藏高原自然保护区保护成效分析[J].地理学报,2015,70(7):1027-1040.
[11]刘方正,张建亮,王亮,等.甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区南片植被长势与保护成效[J].生态学报,2016,36(6):1582-1590.
[12]蒋志刚,李立立,罗振华,等.通过红色名录评估研究中国哺乳动物受威胁现状及其原因[J].生物多样性,2016,24(5):552-571.
[13]SANDBERGER-LOUA L,DOUMBIA J,R?DEL M O.Conserving the unique to save the diverse:Identifying key environmental determinants for the persistence of the viviparous Nimba toad in a West African World Heritage Site[J].Biol Conserv,2016,198:15-21.
[14]JOPPA L,PFAFF A.Reassessing the forest impacts of protection[J].Ann NY Acad Sci,2010,1185(1):135-149.
[15]GELDMAN J,BARNES M,COAD L,et al.Effectiveness of protected areas in maintaining biodiversity and reducing habitat loss 2010,CEE Protocol 10-007[EB/OL].[2016-04-20].http://www.environmental evidence.org/SR10007.html.
[16]国家林业局.自然保护区保护成效评估技术导则第1部分:野生植物保护[S].中国标准出版社,北京,2014.
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[20]NOLTE C,AGRAWAL A,SILVIUS K M,et al.Governance regime and location influence avoided deforestation success of protected areas in the Brazilian Amazon[J].PNatl Acad Sci USA,2013,110(13):4956-4961.
[21]晏玉莹,杨道德,邓娇,等.国家级自然保护区保护成效评估指标体系构建:以陆生脊椎动物(除候鸟外)类型为例[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1571-1578.
[22]王燕,高吉喜,王金生,等.新疆国家级自然保护区土地利用变化的生态系统服务价值响应[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(5):1439-1446.
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[27]安徽省统计局,国家统计局安徽调查总队.安徽省2015年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].[2017-02-06].http://www.ahtjj.gov.cn/tjj/web/info_view.js p?strId=1456727214920362.
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[29]新华社.中共中央办公厅国务院办公厅印发《关于划定并严守生态保护红线的若干意见》[EB/OL].[2017-02-07].http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2017-02/07/c_1120426350.htm.
[30]刘纪远.中国资源环境遥感宏观调查与动态研究[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1996:1-40.
[31]安徽省统计局.安徽统计年鉴:1996[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1996.
[32]安徽省统计局,国家统计局安徽调查总队.安徽统计年鉴:2016[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016.
[33]吴晓莆,唐志尧,崔海亭,等.北京地区不同地形条件下的土地覆盖动态[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(2):239-251.
[34]谢高地,甄霖,鲁春霞,等.一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(5):911-919.
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