不同磺化腐殖酸磷肥提高冬小麦产量和磷素吸收利用的效应研究
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摘要
【目的】腐殖酸对磷肥增效的调控效应与其结构性密切相关。本文比较了不同磺化反应方法制备的腐殖酸磷肥对冬小麦磷素利用的影响,为制备调控磷肥专用的腐殖酸增效载体提供依据。【方法】采用磷酸与氢氧化钾反应法制备普通磷肥(P)、普通腐殖酸磷肥(HAP),并采用加双氧水、硝酸等方法制备了四种磺化腐殖酸磷肥(HA1P、HA2P、HA3P和HA4P)。用田间土柱栽培试验方法,在等磷量基础上,设置普通磷肥(P)、普通腐殖酸磷肥(HAP)、磺甲基化腐殖酸磷肥(HA1P)、双氧水+磺甲基化腐殖酸磷肥(HA2P)、硝酸+磺甲基化腐殖酸磷肥(HA3P)、双氧水+硝酸+磺甲基化腐殖酸磷肥(HA4P) 6个处理,同时设置不施磷肥对照(CK)处理和施用等量腐殖酸处理(C-HA、C-HA1、C-HA2、C-HA3、C-HA4)。调查了小麦产量和产量构成及经济效益,分析了0—80 cm土壤有效磷含量。【结果】1)与CK相比,普通腐殖酸(C-HA)和磺化处理腐殖酸(C-HA1、C-HA2、C-HA3、C-HA4)对小麦籽粒产量无显著影响。与P处理比较,HAP、HA1P、HA2P、HA3P、HA4P处理的小麦籽粒产量分别提高了6.3%、17.8%、10.1%、17.5%、11.1%,4个腐殖酸磺化磷肥(HA1P、HA2P、HA3P、HA4P)处理均高于普通腐殖酸磷肥(HAP)处理。2)与HAP比较,磺化腐殖酸磷肥处理HA1P、HA2P、HA3P、HA4P分别提高小麦地上部磷吸收量12.3%、12.3%、9.2%、10.8%,其中HA1P和HA2P处理最高。3)与HAP比较,磺化腐殖酸磷肥处理HA1P、HA3P分别提高小麦磷肥农学效率23.6%和7.1%。4)与HAP比较,磺化腐殖酸磷肥处理HA1P、HA2P、HA4P可分别提高0—20 cm土层土壤速效磷含量17.5%、16.2%、17.2%。【结论】磺化腐殖酸磷肥比普通腐殖酸磷肥可以更有效地提高土壤中磷肥的有效性,提高冬小麦对磷素的吸收利用,进而提高冬小麦籽粒产量。四种磺化工艺中,以磺甲基化处理的腐殖酸磷肥(HA1P)效果最优。
【Objectives】The regulation effect of humic acid on the synergistic effect of phosphate fertilizer is closely related to its chemical structure. In this paper, the effects of sulfonated humic acid phosphate fertilizers processed with different paths were compared, which would provide a basis for the preparation of high efficient humic acid phosphorous fertilizer.【Methods】A soil column cultivation method was used for the experiment on field condition and wheat was used as tested crop. Common phosphate fertilizer(P) and conventional humic acid phosphate fertilizer(HAP) were used as controls. Sulfonated fertilizers included sulfomethylated humic acid phosphate fertilizer(HA1P), hydrogen peroxide + sulfonate methylated humic acid phosphate fertilizer(HA2P),nitric acid + sulfomethylated humic acid phosphate fertilizer(HA3P) and hydrogen peroxide + nitric acid +sulfomethylated humic acid phosphate fertilizer(HA4P). We investigated the P content in wheat plant and grains,the yield and yield composition, economic benefits, and analyzed the available phosphorus content in 0-80 cm soil.【Results】1) Compared with CK, all the C-HA, C-HA1, C-HA2, C-HA3, C-HA4 treatments did not show significant effect on wheat grain yield. Compared with P, the yield of wheat in HA1P, HA2P, HA3P, HA4P treatments were increased by 17.8%, 10.1%, 17.5% and 11.1%, and the yield in HAP was increased by 6.3%,lower than those in sulfonated HAPs. 2) Compared with HAP, the P uptakes of aboveground in HA1P, HA2P,HA3P and HA4P treatments were increased by 12.3%, 12.3%, 9.2%, 10.8%, respectively. 3) Compared with HAP, HA1P and HA3P treatments could increase the agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilizer by 23.6% and7.1%, respectively. 4) Compared with HAP, the available phosphorus contents in HA1P, HA2P and HA4P in 0–20 cm soil layer were increased by 17.5%, 16.2%, and 17.2%, respectively.【Conclusions】Sulfonated humic acid phosphate fertilizers perform better synergistic effects than common humic acid phosphate fertilizer in increasing the availability of phosphorous fertilizers in soil, so lead to better promotion effect in the absorption and utilization of phosphorus by winter wheat, and higher yield as a result. Among the four tested processes, the sulfomethylated humic acid phosphate fertilizer(HA1P) produces the best effect.
【Objectives】The regulation effect of humic acid on the synergistic effect of phosphate fertilizer is closely related to its chemical structure. In this paper, the effects of sulfonated humic acid phosphate fertilizers processed with different paths were compared, which would provide a basis for the preparation of high efficient humic acid phosphorous fertilizer.【Methods】A soil column cultivation method was used for the experiment on field condition and wheat was used as tested crop. Common phosphate fertilizer(P) and conventional humic acid phosphate fertilizer(HAP) were used as controls. Sulfonated fertilizers included sulfomethylated humic acid phosphate fertilizer(HA1P), hydrogen peroxide + sulfonate methylated humic acid phosphate fertilizer(HA2P),nitric acid + sulfomethylated humic acid phosphate fertilizer(HA3P) and hydrogen peroxide + nitric acid +sulfomethylated humic acid phosphate fertilizer(HA4P). We investigated the P content in wheat plant and grains,the yield and yield composition, economic benefits, and analyzed the available phosphorus content in 0-80 cm soil.【Results】1) Compared with CK, all the C-HA, C-HA1, C-HA2, C-HA3, C-HA4 treatments did not show significant effect on wheat grain yield. Compared with P, the yield of wheat in HA1P, HA2P, HA3P, HA4P treatments were increased by 17.8%, 10.1%, 17.5% and 11.1%, and the yield in HAP was increased by 6.3%,lower than those in sulfonated HAPs. 2) Compared with HAP, the P uptakes of aboveground in HA1P, HA2P,HA3P and HA4P treatments were increased by 12.3%, 12.3%, 9.2%, 10.8%, respectively. 3) Compared with HAP, HA1P and HA3P treatments could increase the agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilizer by 23.6% and7.1%, respectively. 4) Compared with HAP, the available phosphorus contents in HA1P, HA2P and HA4P in 0–20 cm soil layer were increased by 17.5%, 16.2%, and 17.2%, respectively.【Conclusions】Sulfonated humic acid phosphate fertilizers perform better synergistic effects than common humic acid phosphate fertilizer in increasing the availability of phosphorous fertilizers in soil, so lead to better promotion effect in the absorption and utilization of phosphorus by winter wheat, and higher yield as a result. Among the four tested processes, the sulfomethylated humic acid phosphate fertilizer(HA1P) produces the best effect.
引文
[1]冯固,杨茂秋,白灯莎,等.用32P示踪法研究石灰性土壤中磷素的形态及有效性变化[J].土壤学报,1996,33(3):301-307.Feng G,Yang M Q,Bai D S,et al.Study on changes in fractions and availability of phosphorus in calcareous soil by 32P tracer method[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1996,33(3):301-307.
[2]Kleinman P J A,Sharpley A N,Wolf A M,et al.Measuring water-extractable phosphorus in manure as an indicator of phosphorus in runoff[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2002,66:2009-2015.
[3]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.Zhang F S,Wang J Q,Zhang W F,et al.Current status and improvement of fertilizer utilization rate of main grain crops in China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(5):915-924.
[4]程明芳,何萍,金继运.我国主要作物磷肥利用率的研究进展[J].作物杂志,2010,(1):12-14.Cheng M F,He P,Jin J Y.Research progress on the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer in main crops in China[J].Crops,2010,(1):12-14.
[5]Stevenson F J.Humus chemistry:genesis,composition,reactions[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1994.
[6]Stefanova M,Velinova D,Marinov S P,et al.The composition of lignite humic acids[J].Fuel,1993,72(5):681-684.
[7]Kelleher B P,Simpson A J.Humic substances in soils:are they really chemically distinct?[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2006,40(15):4605-4611.
[8]Alvarez R,Evans L A,Milham P J,et al.Effects of humic material on the precipitation of calcium phosphate[J].Geoderma,2004,118(3):245-260.
[9]Jindo K,Martim S A,Navarro E C,et al.Root growth promotion by humic acids from composted and non-composted urban organic wastes[J].Plant and Soil,2012,353(1-2):209-220.
[10]Sinha M K.Organo-metallic phosphates[J].Plant and Soil,1971,35(1-3):471-484.
[11]王曰鑫,侯宪文.腐殖酸对土壤中无机磷活化效应的研究[J].腐殖酸,2005,(2):7-14.Wang Y X,Hou X H.Effect of humic acid on the activation of inorganic phosphorus in soil[J].Humic,2005,(2):7-14.
[12]李志坚,林治安,赵秉强,等.增值磷肥对潮土无机磷形态及其变化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(6):1329-1336.Li Z J,Lin Z A,Zhao B Q,et al.Effects of value-added phosphate fertilizers on yield and phosphorus utilization of winter wheat[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2013,19(6):1329-1336.
[13]Bermudez D,Juarez M,Sanchez Andreu J,et al.Role of eddha and humic acids on the solubility of soil phosphorus[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,1993,24(7-8):673-683.
[14]Delgado A,Madrid A,Kassem S,et al.Phosphorus fertilizer recovery from calcareous soils amended with humic and fulvic acids[J].Plant and Soil,2002,245(2):277-286.
[15]王亚军,王威,陈国华,等.准格尔旗风化煤中提取腐殖酸的工艺研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2010,(11):3-5.Wang Y J,Wang W,Chen G H,et al.Study on the extracting technology of humic acid from weathered coal of Jungar in Inner Mongolia[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical,2010,(11):3-5.
[16]Nagata Y,Hirai K,Bandow H,et al.Decomposition of hydroxybenzoic and humic acids in water by ultrasonic irradiation[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1996,30(4):1133-1138.
[17]Wang G,Hsieh S,Hong C.Destruction of humic acid in water by UV light-catalyzed oxidation with hydrogen peroxide[J].Water Research,2000,34(15):3882-3887.
[18]Bekb?let M,Balcioglu I.Photocatalytic degradation kinetics of humic acid in aqueous TiO2 dispersions:the influence of hydrogen peroxide and bicarbonate ion[J].Water Science and Technology,1996,34(9):73-80.
[19]Fong S S,Seng L,Mat H B.Reuse of nitric acid in the oxidative pretreatment step for preparation of humic acids from low rank coal of Mukah,Sarawak[J].Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society,2007,18(1):41-46.
[20]Y?ld?r?m M,?zbayo?lu G.Production of ammonium nitrohumate from Elbistan lignite and its use as a coal binder[J].Fuel,1997,76(5):385-389.
[21]徐革联,邵景景,熊楚安,等.磺化煤制备方法的研究[J].煤炭加工与综合利用,1999,(5):24-26.Xu G L,Shao J J,Xiong C A,et al.Study on the preparation method of sulfonated coal[J].Coal Processing and Comprehensive Utilization,1999,(5):24-26.
[22]赵珂.改性褐煤对石灰性土壤重金属形态转化的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学硕士学位论文,2015.Zhao K.Effect of modified lignite on the transformation of heavy metals in calcareous soil[D].Zhengzhou:MS Thesis of Henan Agricultural University,2015.
[23]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.Lu R K.Soil and agricultural chemistry analysis method[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000.
[24]鲁如坤.土壤磷素水平和水体环境保护[J].磷肥与复肥,2003,(1):4-8.Lu R K.Soil phosphorus level and water environment protection[J].Phosphate&Compound Fertilizer,2003,(1):4-8.
[25]王斌,马兴旺,许咏梅,等.腐殖酸对灰漠土棉田土壤无机磷形态的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2007,(3):312-317.Wang B,Ma X W,Xu Y M,et al.Effects of humic acids on inorganic phosphorus forms in gray desert soil cotton field[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Science,2007,(3):312-317.
[26]杜伟,赵秉强,林治安,等.有机无机复混肥优化化肥养分利用的效应与机理研究Ⅱ.有机物料与磷肥复混对玉米产量及肥料养分吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(4):825-831.Du W,Zhao B Q,Lin Z A,et al.Effect and mechanism of organic-inorganic compound fertilization on chemical fertilizer utilization Ⅱ.Effects of ammonium phosphate combined with organic material on maize yield and fertilizer utilization[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2012,18(4):825-831.
[27]郑平.煤炭腐殖酸的生产和应用[J].北京:化学工业出版社,1991.28.Zheng P.Production and application of coal humic acid[J].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,1991.28.
[28]成绍鑫.重新认识腐殖酸对化肥的增效作用及有关对策[J].腐殖酸,1998,(3):1-9.Cheng S X.Re-recognizing the synergistic effect of humic acid on chemical fertilizers and related countermeasures[J].Humic,1998,(3):1-9.
[29]Sibanda H M,Young S D.Competitive adsorption of humus acids and phosphate on goethite,gibbsite and two tropical soils[J].Journal of Soil Science,1986,37(2):197-204.
[30]杜振宇,王清华,刘方春,等.腐殖酸物质对磷在褐土中迁移的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012,(2):14-17.Du Z Y,Wang Q H,Liu F C,et al.Effects of humic acid on the migration of phosphorus in cinnamon soil[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2012,(2):14-17.
[31]Schnitzer M.Humic substances:chemistry and reactions[M].Elsevier,1978.
[32]Schnitzer M,Khan S U.Soil organic matter[Z].Oxford,New York:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company,1978.
[2]Kleinman P J A,Sharpley A N,Wolf A M,et al.Measuring water-extractable phosphorus in manure as an indicator of phosphorus in runoff[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2002,66:2009-2015.
[3]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.Zhang F S,Wang J Q,Zhang W F,et al.Current status and improvement of fertilizer utilization rate of main grain crops in China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(5):915-924.
[4]程明芳,何萍,金继运.我国主要作物磷肥利用率的研究进展[J].作物杂志,2010,(1):12-14.Cheng M F,He P,Jin J Y.Research progress on the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer in main crops in China[J].Crops,2010,(1):12-14.
[5]Stevenson F J.Humus chemistry:genesis,composition,reactions[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1994.
[6]Stefanova M,Velinova D,Marinov S P,et al.The composition of lignite humic acids[J].Fuel,1993,72(5):681-684.
[7]Kelleher B P,Simpson A J.Humic substances in soils:are they really chemically distinct?[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2006,40(15):4605-4611.
[8]Alvarez R,Evans L A,Milham P J,et al.Effects of humic material on the precipitation of calcium phosphate[J].Geoderma,2004,118(3):245-260.
[9]Jindo K,Martim S A,Navarro E C,et al.Root growth promotion by humic acids from composted and non-composted urban organic wastes[J].Plant and Soil,2012,353(1-2):209-220.
[10]Sinha M K.Organo-metallic phosphates[J].Plant and Soil,1971,35(1-3):471-484.
[11]王曰鑫,侯宪文.腐殖酸对土壤中无机磷活化效应的研究[J].腐殖酸,2005,(2):7-14.Wang Y X,Hou X H.Effect of humic acid on the activation of inorganic phosphorus in soil[J].Humic,2005,(2):7-14.
[12]李志坚,林治安,赵秉强,等.增值磷肥对潮土无机磷形态及其变化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(6):1329-1336.Li Z J,Lin Z A,Zhao B Q,et al.Effects of value-added phosphate fertilizers on yield and phosphorus utilization of winter wheat[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2013,19(6):1329-1336.
[13]Bermudez D,Juarez M,Sanchez Andreu J,et al.Role of eddha and humic acids on the solubility of soil phosphorus[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,1993,24(7-8):673-683.
[14]Delgado A,Madrid A,Kassem S,et al.Phosphorus fertilizer recovery from calcareous soils amended with humic and fulvic acids[J].Plant and Soil,2002,245(2):277-286.
[15]王亚军,王威,陈国华,等.准格尔旗风化煤中提取腐殖酸的工艺研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2010,(11):3-5.Wang Y J,Wang W,Chen G H,et al.Study on the extracting technology of humic acid from weathered coal of Jungar in Inner Mongolia[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical,2010,(11):3-5.
[16]Nagata Y,Hirai K,Bandow H,et al.Decomposition of hydroxybenzoic and humic acids in water by ultrasonic irradiation[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1996,30(4):1133-1138.
[17]Wang G,Hsieh S,Hong C.Destruction of humic acid in water by UV light-catalyzed oxidation with hydrogen peroxide[J].Water Research,2000,34(15):3882-3887.
[18]Bekb?let M,Balcioglu I.Photocatalytic degradation kinetics of humic acid in aqueous TiO2 dispersions:the influence of hydrogen peroxide and bicarbonate ion[J].Water Science and Technology,1996,34(9):73-80.
[19]Fong S S,Seng L,Mat H B.Reuse of nitric acid in the oxidative pretreatment step for preparation of humic acids from low rank coal of Mukah,Sarawak[J].Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society,2007,18(1):41-46.
[20]Y?ld?r?m M,?zbayo?lu G.Production of ammonium nitrohumate from Elbistan lignite and its use as a coal binder[J].Fuel,1997,76(5):385-389.
[21]徐革联,邵景景,熊楚安,等.磺化煤制备方法的研究[J].煤炭加工与综合利用,1999,(5):24-26.Xu G L,Shao J J,Xiong C A,et al.Study on the preparation method of sulfonated coal[J].Coal Processing and Comprehensive Utilization,1999,(5):24-26.
[22]赵珂.改性褐煤对石灰性土壤重金属形态转化的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学硕士学位论文,2015.Zhao K.Effect of modified lignite on the transformation of heavy metals in calcareous soil[D].Zhengzhou:MS Thesis of Henan Agricultural University,2015.
[23]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.Lu R K.Soil and agricultural chemistry analysis method[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000.
[24]鲁如坤.土壤磷素水平和水体环境保护[J].磷肥与复肥,2003,(1):4-8.Lu R K.Soil phosphorus level and water environment protection[J].Phosphate&Compound Fertilizer,2003,(1):4-8.
[25]王斌,马兴旺,许咏梅,等.腐殖酸对灰漠土棉田土壤无机磷形态的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2007,(3):312-317.Wang B,Ma X W,Xu Y M,et al.Effects of humic acids on inorganic phosphorus forms in gray desert soil cotton field[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Science,2007,(3):312-317.
[26]杜伟,赵秉强,林治安,等.有机无机复混肥优化化肥养分利用的效应与机理研究Ⅱ.有机物料与磷肥复混对玉米产量及肥料养分吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(4):825-831.Du W,Zhao B Q,Lin Z A,et al.Effect and mechanism of organic-inorganic compound fertilization on chemical fertilizer utilization Ⅱ.Effects of ammonium phosphate combined with organic material on maize yield and fertilizer utilization[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2012,18(4):825-831.
[27]郑平.煤炭腐殖酸的生产和应用[J].北京:化学工业出版社,1991.28.Zheng P.Production and application of coal humic acid[J].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,1991.28.
[28]成绍鑫.重新认识腐殖酸对化肥的增效作用及有关对策[J].腐殖酸,1998,(3):1-9.Cheng S X.Re-recognizing the synergistic effect of humic acid on chemical fertilizers and related countermeasures[J].Humic,1998,(3):1-9.
[29]Sibanda H M,Young S D.Competitive adsorption of humus acids and phosphate on goethite,gibbsite and two tropical soils[J].Journal of Soil Science,1986,37(2):197-204.
[30]杜振宇,王清华,刘方春,等.腐殖酸物质对磷在褐土中迁移的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012,(2):14-17.Du Z Y,Wang Q H,Liu F C,et al.Effects of humic acid on the migration of phosphorus in cinnamon soil[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2012,(2):14-17.
[31]Schnitzer M.Humic substances:chemistry and reactions[M].Elsevier,1978.
[32]Schnitzer M,Khan S U.Soil organic matter[Z].Oxford,New York:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company,1978.