考虑坡面地形的蒸散发遥感估算及空间分布研究
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摘要
为了研究非均匀地表的蒸散特征,结合地面气象资料,考虑地形效应增加了坡地辐射计算方法,结合Landsat 8波段特征构建双层蒸散发遥感模型。以北京市西北方位的水源上游区为例,进行了蒸散发的估算、验证与分析。估算结果与地表通量站实测值对比发现,感热通量和潜热通量的平均误差分别为4.12%和8.36%,确定系数为0.82和0.98,相关关系较强;与坡地日蒸散发观测数据对比,平均相对误差为8.12%,均方根误差为0.35 mm/d,具有较好的估算精度。结合土地利用探讨了水热通量、蒸散发的空间分布情况,同时分析了蒸散发与坡面地形之间的关系:坡度小于35°时,随坡度上升,日蒸散发有较为明显的增加趋势;当坡度大于35°时,受植被覆盖率影响,各季节代表日的日蒸散发呈现不同的变化趋势。各季节代表日蒸散发与坡向同样存在较为显著的相关关系,趋势线呈反抛物线。
In order to study the evapotranspiration characteristics of the non-uniform surface,combined with the surface meteorological data,the slope radiation calculation method is added for considering the topographic effect,and the two-layer remote sensing model of evapotranspiration is constructed by combining the features of Landsat8 band. Evapotranspiration is estimated,verified and analyzed with the upstream area of northwest water source of Beijing as an example. The comparison between the estimated results and the measured values of surface flux stations shows that the average errors of sensible heat flux and latent heat flux are 4. 12% and 8. 36% respectively,and the determination coefficients are 0. 82 and 0. 98,respectively. Compared with the daily evapotranspiration observation data of the slope,the average relative error is 8.12%,and the root-mean-square error is 0.35 mm/d,which has good estimation accuracy. The spatial distribution of water heat flux and evapotranspiration is discussed in combination with land use. The relationship between evaporation and terrain slope is also analyzed. It is found that when the slope is less than 35°,the evaporation has more obvious increasing trend with the increase of slope;when the slope is greater than 35°,affected by the vegetation coverage,the evaporation of each season presents different trends. There is also a significant correlation between diurnal evapotranspiration and slope direction in each season,and the trend thread is an inverse parabola.
In order to study the evapotranspiration characteristics of the non-uniform surface,combined with the surface meteorological data,the slope radiation calculation method is added for considering the topographic effect,and the two-layer remote sensing model of evapotranspiration is constructed by combining the features of Landsat8 band. Evapotranspiration is estimated,verified and analyzed with the upstream area of northwest water source of Beijing as an example. The comparison between the estimated results and the measured values of surface flux stations shows that the average errors of sensible heat flux and latent heat flux are 4. 12% and 8. 36% respectively,and the determination coefficients are 0. 82 and 0. 98,respectively. Compared with the daily evapotranspiration observation data of the slope,the average relative error is 8.12%,and the root-mean-square error is 0.35 mm/d,which has good estimation accuracy. The spatial distribution of water heat flux and evapotranspiration is discussed in combination with land use. The relationship between evaporation and terrain slope is also analyzed. It is found that when the slope is less than 35°,the evaporation has more obvious increasing trend with the increase of slope;when the slope is greater than 35°,affected by the vegetation coverage,the evaporation of each season presents different trends. There is also a significant correlation between diurnal evapotranspiration and slope direction in each season,and the trend thread is an inverse parabola.
引文
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[22] XU ZW,LIU SM,LI X,et al. Intercomparison of surface energy flux measurement systems used during the HIWATER-MUSOEXE[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,2013(118):13 140-13 157.
[23]杨光超,朱忠礼,谭磊,等.怀来地区蒸渗仪测定玉米田蒸散发分析[J].高原气象,2015,34(4):1 095-1 106.
[2]邹磊,夏军,马细霞,等.潜在蒸散发量估算方法在河南省的适用性分析[J].水文,2014,34(3):17-23.
[3]王霞,崔龙,阿不都·沙拉木,等.应用RS技术建立估算蒸散发模型的研究[J].节水灌溉,2012(1):53-56.
[4]王军,李和平,鹿海员.基于遥感技术的区域蒸散发计算方法综述[J].节水灌溉,2016(8):195-199.
[5] WANG K,DICKINSON E. A review of global terrestrial evapotranspiration:observation,modeling,climatology,and climatic variability[J]. Reviews of Geophysics,2012,50(2).
[6]张仁华,孙晓敏,王伟民,等.一种可操作的区域尺度地表通量定量遥感二层模型的物理基础[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2004(增2):200-216.
[7] YANG Y,SU H,ZHANG R,et al. An enhanced two-source evapotranspiration model for land(ETEML):algorithm and evaluation[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2015,168(168):54-65.
[8] SUN H. A Two-Source Model for Estimating Evaporative Fraction(TMEF)coupling priestley-taylor formula and two-stage trapezoid[J]. Remote Sensing,2016,8(3):248.
[9] YANG Y,QIU J,Zhang R,et al. Intercomparison of Three TwoSource Energy Balance Models for partitioning evaporation and transpiration in Semiarid Climates[J]. Remote Sensing,2018,10(7):1 149.
[10]傅抱璞.论陆面蒸发的计算[J].大气科学,1981(1):23-32.
[11] THORNTON P E,HASENAUER H,MICHAEL A W. Simultaneous estimation of daily solar radiation and humidity from observed temperature and precipitation:an aoolication over complex terrain in Austria[J]. 2000,104:255-271.
[12] ALLEN R G,TASUMI M,MORSE A,et al. Satellite-based energy balance for mapping evapotranspiration with internalized calibration(METRIC)-Applications[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2007,133(4):395-406.
[13]高永年,高俊峰,张万昌,等.地形效应下的区域蒸散遥感估算[J].农业工程学报,2010(10):218-223.
[14]冯景泽,王忠静.遥感蒸散发模型研究进展综述[J].水利学报,2012(8):914-925.
[15]占车生,尹剑,王会肖,等.基于双层模型的沙河流域蒸散发定量遥感估算[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(1):161-170.
[16]王潇宇.复杂地形下我国太阳总辐射的分布式模拟[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2005.
[17] WANG L,QIU X,WANG P,et al. Influence of complex topography on global solar radiation in the Changjiang River Basin[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences,2014,24(6):980-992.
[18] WANG F,QIN Z,SONG C,et al. An improved mono-window algorithm for land surface temperature retrieval from Landsat 8 thermal infrared sensor data[J]. Remote Sensing,2015,7(4):4 268-4 289.
[19]宋彩英.基于Landsat 8的地表温度像元分解算法研究[D].南京:南京大学,2015.
[20] SOBRINO J A,JIMENEZ-MUNOZ J C,SORIA G,et al. Land surface emissivity retrieval from different VNIR and TIR sensors[J].Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2008,46(2):316-327.
[21] LIU SM,XU ZW,ZHU ZL,et al. Measurements of evapotranspiration from eddy-covariance systems and large aperture scintillometers in the Hai River Basin,China[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2013(487):24-38.
[22] XU ZW,LIU SM,LI X,et al. Intercomparison of surface energy flux measurement systems used during the HIWATER-MUSOEXE[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,2013(118):13 140-13 157.
[23]杨光超,朱忠礼,谭磊,等.怀来地区蒸渗仪测定玉米田蒸散发分析[J].高原气象,2015,34(4):1 095-1 106.
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