城市黑臭水体治理技术及措施分析
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摘要
城市黑臭水体治理是一个长期的系统工程,应因地制宜,选择合适的综合治理技术及措施。在分析我国黑臭水体的成因及特征污染物的基础上,重点阐述了控源截污、内源控制、生态修复、补水活水等黑臭水体治理的主要技术及措施,分析了不同技术的原理、特点和局限性。以镇江市玉带河、贵阳市南明河为实例,分析了黑臭水体治理采取的技术及措施。此外,剖析了良好水质长效保持机制,以期为我国城市黑臭水体治理提供参考。
The treatment of urban black-stinking water body is a long-term systematic project. The reasonable comprehensive technologies and measures for treating the black-stinking water body should be chosen according to local conditions. In this paper, on the basis of the origin of the black-stinking water body and the characteristic pollutants in it, the corresponding important treatment technologies and measures including emission reduction of exogenous pollutants, control of endogenous pollutants and ecological remediation, as well as replenishing water were mainly summarized, and the principles, characteristics and limitations of these technologies were also analyzed and compared. Moreover, two typical treating cases for black-stinking water bodies in Yudai River in Zhenjiang city and Nanming River in Guiyang city were presented. In addition, longterm maintenance mechanism of good water quality was analyzed to provide the reference for the urban blackstinking water body treatment in China.
The treatment of urban black-stinking water body is a long-term systematic project. The reasonable comprehensive technologies and measures for treating the black-stinking water body should be chosen according to local conditions. In this paper, on the basis of the origin of the black-stinking water body and the characteristic pollutants in it, the corresponding important treatment technologies and measures including emission reduction of exogenous pollutants, control of endogenous pollutants and ecological remediation, as well as replenishing water were mainly summarized, and the principles, characteristics and limitations of these technologies were also analyzed and compared. Moreover, two typical treating cases for black-stinking water bodies in Yudai River in Zhenjiang city and Nanming River in Guiyang city were presented. In addition, longterm maintenance mechanism of good water quality was analyzed to provide the reference for the urban blackstinking water body treatment in China.
引文
[1]温爽,王桥,李云梅,等.基于高分影像的城市黑臭水体遥感识别:以南京为例[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):57-67.
[2]王寅娜.“水十条”出台铁腕治污进入“新常态”[J].中国水运,2015(5):10.
[3]住房和城乡建设部,环境保护部.全国城市黑臭水体整治信息发布平台[EB/OL].[2018-12-25].http://www.hcstzz.com.
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[5]罗家海.影响珠江广州河段局部水体黑臭的主要原因剖析[J].广州环境科学,2001,16(2):10-13.
[6]AJIOKA J,SWINDLE J.Effects of sludge dredging on the prevention and control of algae-caused black bloom in Taihu Lake,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(3):430-440.
[7]SHEN Q,LIU C,ZHOU Q,et al.Effects of physical and chemical characteristics of surface sediments in the formation of shallow lake algae-induced black bloom[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(12):2353-2360.
[8]MUEZZINOGLU A.A study of volatile organic sulfur emissions causing urban odors[J].Chemosphere,2003,51(4):245-252.
[9]于玉彬,黄勇.城市河流黑臭原因及机理的研究进展[J].环境科技,2010,23(s2):111-114.
[10]WANG G,LI X,FANG Y,et al.Analysis on the formation condition of the algae-induced odorous black water agglomerate[J].Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences,2014,21(6):597-604.
[11]SONG C,LIU X,SONG Y,et al.Key blackening and stinking pollutants in Dongsha River of Beijing:Spatial distribution and source identification[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,200:335-346.
[12]LIU C,SHEN Q,ZHOU Q,et al.Precontrol of algae-induced black blooms through sediment dredgingat appropriate depth in a typical eutrophic shallow lake[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,77:139-145.
[13]SHENG Y,QUA Y,DING C,et al.A combined application of different engineering and biological techniques to remediate a heavily polluted river[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,57:1-7.
[14]JIANG Y,XIE P,NIE Y.Concentration and bioaccumulation of cyanobacterial bioactiveand odorous metabolites occurred in a large,shallow Chinese lake[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2014,93:643-648.
[15]WAN Y,RUAN X,WANG X,et al.Odour emission characteristics of 22 recreational riversin Nanjing[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2014,186:6061-6081.
[16]何杰财.固定化生物催化剂在河涌黑臭治理中的效能研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2013.
[17]罗雅,董文艺,吴华财.原位投加氧化剂去除河道污染底泥黑臭的研究[J].水利水电技术,2012,43(8):28-33.
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[19]MOORE B R.River sediment control by deep suction dredging[J].Water Research,1969,3(10):779-778.
[20]BABINCHAK J A,GRAIKOSKI J T,DUDLEY S,et al.Effect of dredge spoil deposition on fecal coliform counts in sediments at a disposal site[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1977,34(1):38-41.
[21]MANAP N,VOULVOULIS N.Environmental management for dredging sediments:The requirement of developing nations[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2015,147:338-348.
[22]MURDOCK H.Aeration of river waters to maintain an oxygen level to support natural digestion of pollution materials is considered feasible in some localities[J].Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,1950,42(10):73-74.
[23]GU D,XU H,HE Y,et al.Remediation of urban river water by Pontederia cordata combined with artificial aeration:Organic matter and nutrients removal and root-adhered bacterial communities[J].International Journal of Phytoremediation,2015,17(11):1105-1114.
[24]YU G,QIU L,LEI H,et al.In situ biochemical technology to control black-odor of polluted sediments in tidal river[J].Journal of Biotechnology,2008,136(4):665.
[25]刘树娟,陈磊,钟润生,等.硝酸钙对河流底泥中含硫化合物嗅味原位控制[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(6):691-698.
[26]陈磊,王凌云,刘树娟,等.硝酸钙对深圳河底泥臭味及生物化学特性的影响[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2013,45(6):107-113.
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[28]沙昊雷,章黎笋,陈金媛.常州市白荡浜黑臭水体生态治理与景观修复[J].中国给水排水,2012,28(14):74-78.
[29]SALT D E,BLAYLOCK M,KUMAR N P B A,et al.Phytoremediation:A novel strategy for the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants[J].Biotechnology,1995,13(5):468-474.
[30]CHEN J J.Nitrogen and phosphorus removal and morphological and physiological response in under various planting densities[J].Toxicological&Environmental Chemistry,2012,94(7):1319-1330.
[31]RAI U N,UPADHYAY A K,SINGH N K,et al.Seasonal applicability of horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland for trace elements and nutrient removal from urban wastes to conserve Ganga River water quality at Haridwar,India[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,81:115-122.
[32]SHAH A B,RAI U N,SINGH R P.Correlations between some hazardous inorganic pollutants in the Gomti River and their accumulation in selected macrophytes under aquatic ecosystem[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2015,94(6):783-790.
[33]MOSS B.Development of daphnid communities in diatom-and cyanophyte-dominated lakes and their relevance to lake restoration by biomanipulation[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,1991,28(2):586-602.
[34]KOZAK A,GOLDYN R,DONDAJEWSKA R.Phytoplankton composition and abundance in restored maltański reservoir under the influence of physico-chemical variables and zooplankton grazing pressure[J].Plos One,2015,10(4):1-22.
[35]MAZZEO N,IGLESIAS C,TEIXEIRADE M F,et al.Trophic cascade effects of Hoplias malabaricus(Characiformes,Erythrinidae)in subtropical lakes food webs:A mesocosm approach[J].Hydrobiologia,2010,644(1):325-335.
[36]LIN M,LI Z,LIU J,et al.Maintaining economic value of ecosystem services whilst reducing environmental cost:A way to achieve freshwater restoration in China[J].Plos One,2015,10(3):1-11.
[37]DUNALSKA J A,GROCHOWSKA J,WISNIEWSKI G.Can we restore badly degraded urban lakes[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,82:432-441.
[38]童朝锋,岳亮亮,郝嘉凌,等.南京市外秦淮河水质模拟及引调水效果[J].水资源保护,2012,28(6):49-54.
[39]薛欢.城市湖泊引清调水数值模拟与调度模式研究[D].南京:河海大学,2007.
[40]刘韵琴.再生水补给的城市景观水体富营养化和生态防治[J].中南林业科技大学学报(社会科学版),2013,7(3):30-35.
[41]李跃勋,徐晓梅,洪昌海,等.表面流人工湿地在滇池湖滨区面源污染控制中的应用研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(10):2155-2160.
[42]GUERRERO M,PAARLBERG A J,HUTHOFF F,et al.Optimizing dredge-and-dump activities for river navigability using a hydro-morphodynamic model[J].Water,2015,7(7):3943-3962.
[43]ZHONG J,CHENG X,et al.Significance of dredging on sediment denitrification in Meiliang Bay,China:A year long simulation study[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2010,22(1):68-75.
[44]IBRAHIM F N,DIMIAN M F,WADI A S.Remediation of pollution in a river by unsteady aeration with arbitrary initial and boundary conditions[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,525:793-797.
[45]LIN J L,TU Y T,CHIANG P C,et al.Using aerated gravel-packed contact bed and constructed wetland system for polluted river water purification:A case study in Taiwan[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,525:400-408.
[46]IMHOFF K R,ALBRECHT D.Pure oxygen aeration in the Ruhr River[J].Journal Water Pollution Control Federation,1977,49(9):1959-1967.
[47]刘树娟.硝酸钙对深圳河底泥中嗅味物质原位控制方法研究[D].北京:清华大学,2012.
[48]钱小燕,葛利云,陈泽平,等.高锰酸钾强化PAC混凝处理温瑞塘河黑臭水体试验研究[J].环境科学与管理,2012,37(10):113-116.
[49]SEMRANY S,FAVIER L,DJELAL H,et al.Bioaugmentation:Possible solution in the treatment of bio-refractory organic compounds(Bio-ROCs)[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2012,69(51):75-86.
[50]郭瑾,王淑莹.国内外再生水补给水源的实际应用与进展[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(6):10-14.
[51]耿荣妹,胡小贞,许秋瑾,等.太湖东岸湖滨带水生植物特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(12):17-23.
[52]方东,许建华,徐实.生态工程治理玄武湖水污染效果的监测与评价[J].环境监测管理与技术,2001,13(6):36-36.
[53]柯志新,谢平,过龙根,等.太湖梅梁湾大型生态控藻围栏内鲢鳙的生长特征[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(5):13-18.
[54]柯志新.太湖梅梁湾生物控藻围栏内鲢、鳙摄食生态和控藻效果的研究[D].北京:中国科学院水生生物研究所,2008.
[55]聂俊英,邹伟国.城市黑臭水体的功能恢复与水质改善案例分析[J].给水排水,2017,43(4):34-36.
[56]胡洪营,孙艳,席劲瑛,等.城市黑臭水体治理与水质长效改善保持技术分析[J].环境保护,2015,43(13):24-26.
[57]中规院城镇水务与工程研究分院.城市黑臭水体治理案例分享[EB/OL].[2018-12-25].http://www.h2o-china.com/news/282351.html.
[58]甘露,叶红艳,何才华.试论贵阳市南明河的主要环境问题及综合治理[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),1998,16(2):23-28.
[2]王寅娜.“水十条”出台铁腕治污进入“新常态”[J].中国水运,2015(5):10.
[3]住房和城乡建设部,环境保护部.全国城市黑臭水体整治信息发布平台[EB/OL].[2018-12-25].http://www.hcstzz.com.
[4]卢信,冯紫艳,商景阁,等.不同有机基质诱发的水体黑臭及主要致臭物(VOSCs)产生机制研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(9):3152-3159.
[5]罗家海.影响珠江广州河段局部水体黑臭的主要原因剖析[J].广州环境科学,2001,16(2):10-13.
[6]AJIOKA J,SWINDLE J.Effects of sludge dredging on the prevention and control of algae-caused black bloom in Taihu Lake,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(3):430-440.
[7]SHEN Q,LIU C,ZHOU Q,et al.Effects of physical and chemical characteristics of surface sediments in the formation of shallow lake algae-induced black bloom[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(12):2353-2360.
[8]MUEZZINOGLU A.A study of volatile organic sulfur emissions causing urban odors[J].Chemosphere,2003,51(4):245-252.
[9]于玉彬,黄勇.城市河流黑臭原因及机理的研究进展[J].环境科技,2010,23(s2):111-114.
[10]WANG G,LI X,FANG Y,et al.Analysis on the formation condition of the algae-induced odorous black water agglomerate[J].Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences,2014,21(6):597-604.
[11]SONG C,LIU X,SONG Y,et al.Key blackening and stinking pollutants in Dongsha River of Beijing:Spatial distribution and source identification[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,200:335-346.
[12]LIU C,SHEN Q,ZHOU Q,et al.Precontrol of algae-induced black blooms through sediment dredgingat appropriate depth in a typical eutrophic shallow lake[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,77:139-145.
[13]SHENG Y,QUA Y,DING C,et al.A combined application of different engineering and biological techniques to remediate a heavily polluted river[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,57:1-7.
[14]JIANG Y,XIE P,NIE Y.Concentration and bioaccumulation of cyanobacterial bioactiveand odorous metabolites occurred in a large,shallow Chinese lake[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2014,93:643-648.
[15]WAN Y,RUAN X,WANG X,et al.Odour emission characteristics of 22 recreational riversin Nanjing[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2014,186:6061-6081.
[16]何杰财.固定化生物催化剂在河涌黑臭治理中的效能研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2013.
[17]罗雅,董文艺,吴华财.原位投加氧化剂去除河道污染底泥黑臭的研究[J].水利水电技术,2012,43(8):28-33.
[18]NAKANO T,TAYASU I,WADA E,et al.Sulfur and strontium isotope geochemistry of tributary rivers of Lake Biwa:Implications for human impact on the decadal change of lake water quality[J].Science of the Total Environment,2005,345(1):1-12.
[19]MOORE B R.River sediment control by deep suction dredging[J].Water Research,1969,3(10):779-778.
[20]BABINCHAK J A,GRAIKOSKI J T,DUDLEY S,et al.Effect of dredge spoil deposition on fecal coliform counts in sediments at a disposal site[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1977,34(1):38-41.
[21]MANAP N,VOULVOULIS N.Environmental management for dredging sediments:The requirement of developing nations[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2015,147:338-348.
[22]MURDOCK H.Aeration of river waters to maintain an oxygen level to support natural digestion of pollution materials is considered feasible in some localities[J].Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,1950,42(10):73-74.
[23]GU D,XU H,HE Y,et al.Remediation of urban river water by Pontederia cordata combined with artificial aeration:Organic matter and nutrients removal and root-adhered bacterial communities[J].International Journal of Phytoremediation,2015,17(11):1105-1114.
[24]YU G,QIU L,LEI H,et al.In situ biochemical technology to control black-odor of polluted sediments in tidal river[J].Journal of Biotechnology,2008,136(4):665.
[25]刘树娟,陈磊,钟润生,等.硝酸钙对河流底泥中含硫化合物嗅味原位控制[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(6):691-698.
[26]陈磊,王凌云,刘树娟,等.硝酸钙对深圳河底泥臭味及生物化学特性的影响[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2013,45(6):107-113.
[27]SHENG Y,QU Y,DING C,et al.A combined application of different engineering and biological techniques to remediate a heavily polluted river[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,57:1-7.
[28]沙昊雷,章黎笋,陈金媛.常州市白荡浜黑臭水体生态治理与景观修复[J].中国给水排水,2012,28(14):74-78.
[29]SALT D E,BLAYLOCK M,KUMAR N P B A,et al.Phytoremediation:A novel strategy for the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants[J].Biotechnology,1995,13(5):468-474.
[30]CHEN J J.Nitrogen and phosphorus removal and morphological and physiological response in under various planting densities[J].Toxicological&Environmental Chemistry,2012,94(7):1319-1330.
[31]RAI U N,UPADHYAY A K,SINGH N K,et al.Seasonal applicability of horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland for trace elements and nutrient removal from urban wastes to conserve Ganga River water quality at Haridwar,India[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,81:115-122.
[32]SHAH A B,RAI U N,SINGH R P.Correlations between some hazardous inorganic pollutants in the Gomti River and their accumulation in selected macrophytes under aquatic ecosystem[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2015,94(6):783-790.
[33]MOSS B.Development of daphnid communities in diatom-and cyanophyte-dominated lakes and their relevance to lake restoration by biomanipulation[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,1991,28(2):586-602.
[34]KOZAK A,GOLDYN R,DONDAJEWSKA R.Phytoplankton composition and abundance in restored maltański reservoir under the influence of physico-chemical variables and zooplankton grazing pressure[J].Plos One,2015,10(4):1-22.
[35]MAZZEO N,IGLESIAS C,TEIXEIRADE M F,et al.Trophic cascade effects of Hoplias malabaricus(Characiformes,Erythrinidae)in subtropical lakes food webs:A mesocosm approach[J].Hydrobiologia,2010,644(1):325-335.
[36]LIN M,LI Z,LIU J,et al.Maintaining economic value of ecosystem services whilst reducing environmental cost:A way to achieve freshwater restoration in China[J].Plos One,2015,10(3):1-11.
[37]DUNALSKA J A,GROCHOWSKA J,WISNIEWSKI G.Can we restore badly degraded urban lakes[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,82:432-441.
[38]童朝锋,岳亮亮,郝嘉凌,等.南京市外秦淮河水质模拟及引调水效果[J].水资源保护,2012,28(6):49-54.
[39]薛欢.城市湖泊引清调水数值模拟与调度模式研究[D].南京:河海大学,2007.
[40]刘韵琴.再生水补给的城市景观水体富营养化和生态防治[J].中南林业科技大学学报(社会科学版),2013,7(3):30-35.
[41]李跃勋,徐晓梅,洪昌海,等.表面流人工湿地在滇池湖滨区面源污染控制中的应用研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(10):2155-2160.
[42]GUERRERO M,PAARLBERG A J,HUTHOFF F,et al.Optimizing dredge-and-dump activities for river navigability using a hydro-morphodynamic model[J].Water,2015,7(7):3943-3962.
[43]ZHONG J,CHENG X,et al.Significance of dredging on sediment denitrification in Meiliang Bay,China:A year long simulation study[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2010,22(1):68-75.
[44]IBRAHIM F N,DIMIAN M F,WADI A S.Remediation of pollution in a river by unsteady aeration with arbitrary initial and boundary conditions[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,525:793-797.
[45]LIN J L,TU Y T,CHIANG P C,et al.Using aerated gravel-packed contact bed and constructed wetland system for polluted river water purification:A case study in Taiwan[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,525:400-408.
[46]IMHOFF K R,ALBRECHT D.Pure oxygen aeration in the Ruhr River[J].Journal Water Pollution Control Federation,1977,49(9):1959-1967.
[47]刘树娟.硝酸钙对深圳河底泥中嗅味物质原位控制方法研究[D].北京:清华大学,2012.
[48]钱小燕,葛利云,陈泽平,等.高锰酸钾强化PAC混凝处理温瑞塘河黑臭水体试验研究[J].环境科学与管理,2012,37(10):113-116.
[49]SEMRANY S,FAVIER L,DJELAL H,et al.Bioaugmentation:Possible solution in the treatment of bio-refractory organic compounds(Bio-ROCs)[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2012,69(51):75-86.
[50]郭瑾,王淑莹.国内外再生水补给水源的实际应用与进展[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(6):10-14.
[51]耿荣妹,胡小贞,许秋瑾,等.太湖东岸湖滨带水生植物特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(12):17-23.
[52]方东,许建华,徐实.生态工程治理玄武湖水污染效果的监测与评价[J].环境监测管理与技术,2001,13(6):36-36.
[53]柯志新,谢平,过龙根,等.太湖梅梁湾大型生态控藻围栏内鲢鳙的生长特征[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(5):13-18.
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