甲藻孢囊在辽东半岛沿岸海域表层沉积物中的分布
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摘要
孢囊是诸多有毒有害甲藻赤潮暴发的种源,也是底栖贝类毒素积累源之一。近年来,北黄海沿岸海域贝毒呈现明显增加的趋势,为掌握有毒有害甲藻在辽东半岛沿岸海域的种源分布情况,笔者于2013年在辽东半岛普兰店(皮口)、庄河、东港浅海海域的菲律宾蛤仔增养殖区域布设12个站位,利用柱状采泥器采集表层沉积物,通过定性和定量分析,研究甲藻孢囊在辽东半岛沿岸海域的空间分布情况,并通过群落相似性分析,研究3个海域甲藻孢囊群落的相似性情况。研究结果显示,3个调查区域共检测出甲藻孢囊10属15种,其中自养型9种,异养型6种。各区域各站位孢囊丰度相差较大,为87～775孢囊/g,平均丰度为393孢囊/g,东港和庄河海域丰度较低,普兰店海域丰度相对较高。相似性分析结果显示,3个海域孢囊群落组成亲缘关系较远。普兰店海域有毒有害甲藻分布广泛,且临近孢囊种类和丰度较高的长山群岛海域,毒素在贝类体内累积的可能性较高,需引起重视。
Cysts are considered as the source of harmful alga blooms and shellfish toxins. Since the shellfish poisoning in the coastal areas of the North Yellow Sea had shown increasing tendency recently, surface sediment samples were collected in the present study by columnar mud collectors from twelve stations in cultivation areas of shellfish along coasts of Pulandian, Zhuanghe and Donggang cities in 2013. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were conducted to investigate the spatial distribution of dinoflagellate resting cysts in these areas. Community similarity analysis were carried out on the cyst communities among three sea areas. The results showed that 15 morphotypes representing 10 genera were identified, among which there were 9 autotrophic species and 6 heterotrophic ones. Cell density of dinoflagellate cyst was ranged from 87 to 775 per gram of dry weight, with the average of 393 cysts/g. Higher abundance of cyst was distributed in Pulandian sea areas, followed by Zhuanghe and donggang sea areas. The cyst communities in the three sea areas showed distant relationships. It is worth noting that it is easier for the accumulation of poisoning in shellfish due to the distribution of toxic cysts in Pulandian and adjacent Changshan archipelago sea areas.
Cysts are considered as the source of harmful alga blooms and shellfish toxins. Since the shellfish poisoning in the coastal areas of the North Yellow Sea had shown increasing tendency recently, surface sediment samples were collected in the present study by columnar mud collectors from twelve stations in cultivation areas of shellfish along coasts of Pulandian, Zhuanghe and Donggang cities in 2013. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were conducted to investigate the spatial distribution of dinoflagellate resting cysts in these areas. Community similarity analysis were carried out on the cyst communities among three sea areas. The results showed that 15 morphotypes representing 10 genera were identified, among which there were 9 autotrophic species and 6 heterotrophic ones. Cell density of dinoflagellate cyst was ranged from 87 to 775 per gram of dry weight, with the average of 393 cysts/g. Higher abundance of cyst was distributed in Pulandian sea areas, followed by Zhuanghe and donggang sea areas. The cyst communities in the three sea areas showed distant relationships. It is worth noting that it is easier for the accumulation of poisoning in shellfish due to the distribution of toxic cysts in Pulandian and adjacent Changshan archipelago sea areas.
引文
[1] 周明江,朱明远,张经.中国赤潮的发生趋势和研究进展[J].生命科学,2001,13(2):54-59.
[2] 郑磊,齐雨藻.南海大鹏湾甲藻孢囊分布研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1997,5(3):10-15.
[3] Matsuoka K,Fukuyo Y.Technical guide for modern dinoflagellate cysts study[M].Tokyo:Westpac-Hab/Westpac/Ioc,2000.
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[12] 邵魁双,巩宁,杨青,等.甲藻孢囊在长山群岛海域表层沉积物中的分布[J].生态学报,2011,31(1):2854-2862.
[13] Cox A M,Shull D H,Horner R A.Profiles of Alexandrium catenella cysts in Puget Sound sediments and the relationship to paralytic shellfish poisoning events [J].Harmful Algae,2008,7(4):379-388.
[14] Imai I,Itakura S.Importance of cysts in the population dynamics of the red tide flagellate Hetecsigma akashiwo[J].Marine Biology,1999,133(4):755-762.
[15] Dale B,Thorsen T A,Fjellsa A.Dinaoflagellate cysts as indicators of cultural eutrophication in the Oslo Fjord,Norway [J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,1999(48):371-382.
[16] Orlova Y T,Morozova T V,Gribble K E,et al.Dinoflagellate cysts in recent marine sediments from the east coast of Russia [J].Botanica Marina,2004,47(3):184-201.
[17] 齐雨藻,洪英,吕颂辉,等.中国赤潮生物新纪录种——海洋褐胞藻[J].暨南大学学报,1991,12(3):92-95.
[18] Qi Y Z,Hong Y,Zheng L,et al.Dinoflagellate cysts from recent marine sediments of the South and East China Sea [J].Asian Marine Biology,1996,13(3):87-103.
[19] 齐雨藻,王朝晖.大亚湾海域锥状斯氏藻赤潮及其与孢囊的关系[J].海洋科学,2001,25(9):50-54.
[20] 林元烧.有毒甲藻—塔马亚历山大藻在厦门地区虾塘引起赤潮[J].台湾海峡,1996,15(1):15-20.
[21] 吴国煊,孙湘君.南海表层沉积沟鞭藻孢囊的分布特征[J].热带海洋,2000,19(1):8-17.
[22] 肖咏之.中国沿海甲藻孢囊分类、分布和孢囊形成动力学研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2001.
[23] 方琦,蓝东兆,顾海峰,等.厦门湾沉积物中甲藻孢囊的初步研究[J].水产学报,2003,27(2):137-141.
[24] 顾海峰,方琦,李瑞香,等.长江口甲藻孢囊的初步研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2004,35(5):413-423.
[25] 腾琳.中国沿海甲藻孢囊的水平和垂直分布研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2006.
[26] 王朝晖,齐雨藻.甲藻孢囊在长江口海域表层沉积物中的分布[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(7):1039-1043.
[27] 邵红兵,石雅君,刘东艳.北黄海中部及四十里湾海域甲藻孢囊种类多样性研究[J].海洋通报,2012,31(5):557-565.
[28] 石雅君,刘东艳,邵红兵,等.北黄海表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊的分布特征[J].海洋通报,2011,30(3):320-327.
[30] Cho H J,Matsuoka K.Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from the Yellow Sea and East China Sea [J].Marine Micropaleontology,2001,42(3/4):103-123.
[31] Jaccard P.The distribution of the flora in the alpine zone [J].New Phytologist,1912,11(2):37-50.
[32] 梅象信,徐正会,张继玲,等.昆明西山森林公园东坡蚂蚁物种多样性研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(2):170-176.
[33] 梁玉波,江天九,刘仁沿,等.中国赤潮灾害调查与评价(1933—2009)[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.
[34] 宋秀凯,马建新,刘义豪,等.隍城岛海域塔玛亚历山大藻赤潮发展过程及其成因[J].海洋湖沼通报,2009(4):93-98.
[2] 郑磊,齐雨藻.南海大鹏湾甲藻孢囊分布研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1997,5(3):10-15.
[3] Matsuoka K,Fukuyo Y.Technical guide for modern dinoflagellate cysts study[M].Tokyo:Westpac-Hab/Westpac/Ioc,2000.
[4] Head M J.Modern dinoflagellate cysts and their biological affinities[G]//Jansonius J,McGregor D C.Palynology:principles and applications.Vol 3.Dallas(TX):American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation,1996:1197-1248.
[5] 王朝晖.中国沿海甲藻孢囊与赤潮研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,2007.
[6] 丁德文,刘胜洁,刘晨临,等.孢囊及其与赤潮爆发关系的研究进展[J].海洋科学进展,2005,23(1):1-10.
[7] Dale B.Dinoflagellate resting cysts:benthic plankton [G]//Fryxell G A.Survival strategies of the algae.UK:Cambridge University Press,1983:69-144.
[8] Anderson D M,Chisholm S W,Watras C J.Importance of life cycle events in the population dynamics of Gonyaulax tamarensis [J].Marine Biology,1983,76(2):179-189.
[9] Kim Y O,Han M S.Seasonal relationships between cyst germination and vegetative population of Scrippsiella trochoidea (Dinophyceae) [J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2000(204):111-118.
[10] Joyce L B,Pitcher G C,du Randta A,et al.Dinoflagellate cysts from surface sediments of Saldanha Bay,South Africa:an indication of the potential risk of harmful algal bloom[J].Hamful Algae,2005,4(2):309-318.
[11] Perez C C,Roy S,Levasseur M,et al.Control of germinaton of Alexandrium tamarense (Dinophyceae) cysts from the lower St.Law to rence estuary (Canada) [J].Journal of Phycology,1998,34(2):242-249.
[12] 邵魁双,巩宁,杨青,等.甲藻孢囊在长山群岛海域表层沉积物中的分布[J].生态学报,2011,31(1):2854-2862.
[13] Cox A M,Shull D H,Horner R A.Profiles of Alexandrium catenella cysts in Puget Sound sediments and the relationship to paralytic shellfish poisoning events [J].Harmful Algae,2008,7(4):379-388.
[14] Imai I,Itakura S.Importance of cysts in the population dynamics of the red tide flagellate Hetecsigma akashiwo[J].Marine Biology,1999,133(4):755-762.
[15] Dale B,Thorsen T A,Fjellsa A.Dinaoflagellate cysts as indicators of cultural eutrophication in the Oslo Fjord,Norway [J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,1999(48):371-382.
[16] Orlova Y T,Morozova T V,Gribble K E,et al.Dinoflagellate cysts in recent marine sediments from the east coast of Russia [J].Botanica Marina,2004,47(3):184-201.
[17] 齐雨藻,洪英,吕颂辉,等.中国赤潮生物新纪录种——海洋褐胞藻[J].暨南大学学报,1991,12(3):92-95.
[18] Qi Y Z,Hong Y,Zheng L,et al.Dinoflagellate cysts from recent marine sediments of the South and East China Sea [J].Asian Marine Biology,1996,13(3):87-103.
[19] 齐雨藻,王朝晖.大亚湾海域锥状斯氏藻赤潮及其与孢囊的关系[J].海洋科学,2001,25(9):50-54.
[20] 林元烧.有毒甲藻—塔马亚历山大藻在厦门地区虾塘引起赤潮[J].台湾海峡,1996,15(1):15-20.
[21] 吴国煊,孙湘君.南海表层沉积沟鞭藻孢囊的分布特征[J].热带海洋,2000,19(1):8-17.
[22] 肖咏之.中国沿海甲藻孢囊分类、分布和孢囊形成动力学研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2001.
[23] 方琦,蓝东兆,顾海峰,等.厦门湾沉积物中甲藻孢囊的初步研究[J].水产学报,2003,27(2):137-141.
[24] 顾海峰,方琦,李瑞香,等.长江口甲藻孢囊的初步研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2004,35(5):413-423.
[25] 腾琳.中国沿海甲藻孢囊的水平和垂直分布研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2006.
[26] 王朝晖,齐雨藻.甲藻孢囊在长江口海域表层沉积物中的分布[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(7):1039-1043.
[27] 邵红兵,石雅君,刘东艳.北黄海中部及四十里湾海域甲藻孢囊种类多样性研究[J].海洋通报,2012,31(5):557-565.
[28] 石雅君,刘东艳,邵红兵,等.北黄海表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊的分布特征[J].海洋通报,2011,30(3):320-327.
[30] Cho H J,Matsuoka K.Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from the Yellow Sea and East China Sea [J].Marine Micropaleontology,2001,42(3/4):103-123.
[31] Jaccard P.The distribution of the flora in the alpine zone [J].New Phytologist,1912,11(2):37-50.
[32] 梅象信,徐正会,张继玲,等.昆明西山森林公园东坡蚂蚁物种多样性研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(2):170-176.
[33] 梁玉波,江天九,刘仁沿,等.中国赤潮灾害调查与评价(1933—2009)[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.
[34] 宋秀凯,马建新,刘义豪,等.隍城岛海域塔玛亚历山大藻赤潮发展过程及其成因[J].海洋湖沼通报,2009(4):93-98.