不同养分条件下密度对空心莲子草生长和光合特性的影响
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摘要
为了理解在不同养分水平下密度对入侵植物空心莲子草(Alternantheraphiloxeroides)的影响,设置了3种养分水平(低、中、高)和3种种植密度(低、中、高)对空心莲子草进行温室控制试验。结果显示,养分水平和密度均对空心莲子草的生物量和光合指标具有显著影响。中养分水平处理下的空心莲子草单株生物量和整盆总生物量在3种不同的种植密度下均最高,但其光合速率以及叶绿素含量在高养分水平处理最高。同一养分水平对比发现,空心莲子草光合速率均在中等种植密度的处理中达到最大。随着种植密度的增加,空心莲子草的光合作用和单株生物量会逐渐降低,但整盆的总生物量升高,这些特点可能会有助于空心莲子草发展成单优群落。本研究对理解空心莲子草及类似入侵植物的入侵机制具有重要意义。
In order to reveal the effects of planting density on the performance of invasive plant under different nutrient conditions, a greenhouse experiment was conducted in which Alternanthera philoxeroides was planted at three population densities(low, medium and high) under various nutrient levels(low, medium and high). The results showed that both population density and nutrient level had significant effects on the growth of the plant. The biomass of individual plant and all plants in one pot under medium nutrient level were the highest, while the photosynthetic rate and total chlorophyll content were the highest at the high nutrient level. The photosynthetic rate was the highest at medium population density under every nutrient level. The photosynthesis and biomass of single plant decreased with the increase of population density, while the total biomass in the whole pot increased with the increase of density. These characteristics might contribute to the invasion of A. philoxeroides to form monodominant community. This study contributes to the understanding of invasion mechanism of A. philoxeroides and other similar invasive plants.
In order to reveal the effects of planting density on the performance of invasive plant under different nutrient conditions, a greenhouse experiment was conducted in which Alternanthera philoxeroides was planted at three population densities(low, medium and high) under various nutrient levels(low, medium and high). The results showed that both population density and nutrient level had significant effects on the growth of the plant. The biomass of individual plant and all plants in one pot under medium nutrient level were the highest, while the photosynthetic rate and total chlorophyll content were the highest at the high nutrient level. The photosynthetic rate was the highest at medium population density under every nutrient level. The photosynthesis and biomass of single plant decreased with the increase of population density, while the total biomass in the whole pot increased with the increase of density. These characteristics might contribute to the invasion of A. philoxeroides to form monodominant community. This study contributes to the understanding of invasion mechanism of A. philoxeroides and other similar invasive plants.
引文
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[11]齐淑艳,昌恩梓,董晶晶,等.入侵植物牛膝菊与白车轴草的竞争效应[J].广东农业科学, 2014, 41(1):141-145.
[12] CIPOLLINI D F, BERGELSON J. Plant density and nutrient availability constrain constitutive and wound-induced expression of trypsin inhibitors in Brassica napus[J]. J Chem Ecol, 2001, 27(3):593-610.
[13] WANG B R, LI W G, WANG J B. Genetic diversity of Alternanthera philoxeroides in China[J]. Aquat Bot, 2005,81(3):277-283.
[14] LI J, YE W H. Genetic diversity of alligator weed ecotypes is not the reason for their different responses to biological control[J]. Aquat Bot, 2006, 85(2):155-158.
[15] KOLAR C S, LODGE D M. Progress in invasion biology:predicting invaders[J]. Trends Ecol Evol, 2001, 16(4):199-204.
[16]潘晓云,耿宇鹏, ALEJANDRO S,等.入侵植物喜旱莲子草——生物学、生态学及管理[J].植物分类学报,2007, 45(6):884-900.
[17]翁伯琦,林嵩,王义祥.空心莲子草在我国的适应性及入侵机制[J].生态学报, 2006, 26(7):2373-2381.
[18] CHANG R Y, WANG R Q, ZHANG Y R, et al. Effects of N:P ratio and nutrient level on the competition between invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides and native Oenanthe javanica[J]. Adv Mater Res, 2012, 534:337-342.
[19] PENUELAS J, SARDANS J, LLUSIàJ, et al. Faster returns on ‘leaf economics’ and different biogeochemical niche in invasive compared with native plant species[J].Glob Chang Biol, 2009, 16(8):2171-2185.
[20] LIU J, HE W M, ZHANG S M, et al. Effects of clonal integration on photosynthesis of the invasive clonal plant Alternanthera philoxeroides[J]. Photosynthetica, 2008,46(2):299-302.
[21]朱金文.高锰胁迫下空心莲子草的生理生化特性和草甘膦耐性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2008.
[22]梁文斌,聂东伶,吴思政,等.短梗大参光合作用光响应曲线及模型拟合[J].经济林研究, 2014, 32(4):38-44.
[23]崔世钢,秦建华.图像处理法测定油菜叶面积的研究[J].湖北农业科学, 2017, 56(14):2756-2757, 2767.
[24] BURNS J H. A comparison of invasive and non-invasive dayflowers(Commelinaceae)across experimental nutrient and water gradients[J]. Divers Distrib, 2010, 10(5/6):387-397.
[25] BENOMAR L, DESROCHERS A, LAROCQUE G R.Changes in specific leaf area and photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency associated with physiological acclimation of two hybrid poplar clones to intraclonal competition[J]. Can J Forest Res, 2011, 41(7):1465-1476.
[26] VAN KLEUNEN M, WEBER E, FISCHER M. A meta-analysis of trait differences between invasive and non-invasive plant species[J]. Ecol Lett, 2010, 13(2):235-245.
[27] FENG Y L, AUGE H, EBELING S K. Invasive Buddleja davidii allocates more nitrogen to its photosynthetic machinery than five native woody species[J]. Oecologia,2007, 153(3):501-510.
[28]李涛.群体密度对高等植物光合功能的影响及调控机制[D].北京:北京林业大学, 2015.
[29] SHARP R E, MATTHEWS M A, BOYER J S. Kok effect and the quantum yield of photosynthesis:light partially inhibits dark respiration[J]. Plant Physiol, 1984, 75(1):95-101.
[30] AWADA T, RADOGLOU K, FOTELLI M N, et al. Ecophysiology of seedlings of three Mediterranean pine species in contrasting light regimes[J]. Tree Physiol, 2003,23(1):33-41.
[31]王帅,韩晓日,战秀梅,等.不同氮肥水平下玉米光响应曲线模型的比较[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2014,20(6):1403-1412.
[2] SARDANS J, BARTRONS M, MARGALEF O, et al.Plant invasion is associated with higher plant-soil nutrient concentrations in nutrient-poor environments[J]. Glob Change Biol, 2017, 23(3):1282-1291.
[3] ZHANG H J, CHANG R Y, GUO X, et al. Shifts in growth and competitive dominance of the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides under different nitrogen and phosphorus supply[J]. Environ Exp Bot, 2017, 135:118-125.
[4] DAEHLER C C. Performance comparisons of co-occurring native and alien invasive plants:Implications for conservation and restoration[J]. Annu Rev Ecol Syst, 2003,34(1):183-211.
[5] GONZáLEZ A L, KOMINOSKI J S, DANGER M, et al.Can ecological stoichiometry help explain patterns of biological invasions?[J]. Oikos, 2010, 119(5):779-790.
[6] DAVIS M A, GRIME J P, THOMPSON K. Fluctuating resources in plant communities:a general theory of invasibility[J]. J Ecol, 2000, 88(3):528-534.
[7] SCHUMACHER E, KUEFFER C, EDWARDS P J, et al.Influence of light and nutrient conditions on seedling growth of native and invasive trees in the Seychelles[J].Biol Invasions, 2009, 11(8):1941-1954.
[8] SCHOOLER S, BARON Z, JULIEN M. Effect of simulated and actual herbivory on Alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides, growth and reproduction[J]. Biol Control, 2006, 36(1):74-79.
[9]刘龙茂,宋慧,刘惠.水绵、光照、密度对入侵植物喜旱莲子草生长的影响[J].环境保护科学, 2014, 40(4):29-35.
[10] FUNK J L. Differences in plasticity between invasive and native plants from a low resource environment[J]. J Ecol,2008, 96(6):1162-1173.
[11]齐淑艳,昌恩梓,董晶晶,等.入侵植物牛膝菊与白车轴草的竞争效应[J].广东农业科学, 2014, 41(1):141-145.
[12] CIPOLLINI D F, BERGELSON J. Plant density and nutrient availability constrain constitutive and wound-induced expression of trypsin inhibitors in Brassica napus[J]. J Chem Ecol, 2001, 27(3):593-610.
[13] WANG B R, LI W G, WANG J B. Genetic diversity of Alternanthera philoxeroides in China[J]. Aquat Bot, 2005,81(3):277-283.
[14] LI J, YE W H. Genetic diversity of alligator weed ecotypes is not the reason for their different responses to biological control[J]. Aquat Bot, 2006, 85(2):155-158.
[15] KOLAR C S, LODGE D M. Progress in invasion biology:predicting invaders[J]. Trends Ecol Evol, 2001, 16(4):199-204.
[16]潘晓云,耿宇鹏, ALEJANDRO S,等.入侵植物喜旱莲子草——生物学、生态学及管理[J].植物分类学报,2007, 45(6):884-900.
[17]翁伯琦,林嵩,王义祥.空心莲子草在我国的适应性及入侵机制[J].生态学报, 2006, 26(7):2373-2381.
[18] CHANG R Y, WANG R Q, ZHANG Y R, et al. Effects of N:P ratio and nutrient level on the competition between invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides and native Oenanthe javanica[J]. Adv Mater Res, 2012, 534:337-342.
[19] PENUELAS J, SARDANS J, LLUSIàJ, et al. Faster returns on ‘leaf economics’ and different biogeochemical niche in invasive compared with native plant species[J].Glob Chang Biol, 2009, 16(8):2171-2185.
[20] LIU J, HE W M, ZHANG S M, et al. Effects of clonal integration on photosynthesis of the invasive clonal plant Alternanthera philoxeroides[J]. Photosynthetica, 2008,46(2):299-302.
[21]朱金文.高锰胁迫下空心莲子草的生理生化特性和草甘膦耐性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2008.
[22]梁文斌,聂东伶,吴思政,等.短梗大参光合作用光响应曲线及模型拟合[J].经济林研究, 2014, 32(4):38-44.
[23]崔世钢,秦建华.图像处理法测定油菜叶面积的研究[J].湖北农业科学, 2017, 56(14):2756-2757, 2767.
[24] BURNS J H. A comparison of invasive and non-invasive dayflowers(Commelinaceae)across experimental nutrient and water gradients[J]. Divers Distrib, 2010, 10(5/6):387-397.
[25] BENOMAR L, DESROCHERS A, LAROCQUE G R.Changes in specific leaf area and photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency associated with physiological acclimation of two hybrid poplar clones to intraclonal competition[J]. Can J Forest Res, 2011, 41(7):1465-1476.
[26] VAN KLEUNEN M, WEBER E, FISCHER M. A meta-analysis of trait differences between invasive and non-invasive plant species[J]. Ecol Lett, 2010, 13(2):235-245.
[27] FENG Y L, AUGE H, EBELING S K. Invasive Buddleja davidii allocates more nitrogen to its photosynthetic machinery than five native woody species[J]. Oecologia,2007, 153(3):501-510.
[28]李涛.群体密度对高等植物光合功能的影响及调控机制[D].北京:北京林业大学, 2015.
[29] SHARP R E, MATTHEWS M A, BOYER J S. Kok effect and the quantum yield of photosynthesis:light partially inhibits dark respiration[J]. Plant Physiol, 1984, 75(1):95-101.
[30] AWADA T, RADOGLOU K, FOTELLI M N, et al. Ecophysiology of seedlings of three Mediterranean pine species in contrasting light regimes[J]. Tree Physiol, 2003,23(1):33-41.
[31]王帅,韩晓日,战秀梅,等.不同氮肥水平下玉米光响应曲线模型的比较[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2014,20(6):1403-1412.