南方滨海地区盐雾沉降的时空分布——以福建古雷半岛为例
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摘要
研究滨海地区盐雾沉降的时空分布及其影响因素,以期为滨海绿化植物的选择与配置提供依据。以福建省古雷半岛为研究站点,设置盐雾沉降缸研究离海岸线距离和防护林对盐雾沉降量的影响;同时模拟不同生活型植物的高度,研究不同高度盐雾沉降量的差异。结果表明:春夏秋冬四季,盐雾沉降量均表现出随离海距离的增加逐渐降低的趋势,冬季盐雾沉降量在离海岸线500 m内快速下降,在500 m以外则下降速度趋缓;防护林的存在能减少盐雾沉降量,这种效果在盐雾危害严重的冬季更明显,可使盐雾沉降量降低15.4%;在无防护林遮挡条件下,盐雾沉降量在不同高度上差异不显著;主成分分析(PCA)和冗余分析(RDA)显示,离海距离、平均风速和东北风向频率是3个影响盐雾沉降量的主要环境因子。南方沿海地区盐雾沉降量存在明显的时空变化,离海500 m范围为盐雾危害重点防范区域,防护林或类似遮挡物的存在,可以显著减少盐雾沉降量。
Salt spray is one of the main factors affecting plant growth in coastal areas. This study aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of salt spray deposition and its driving factors,and provide scientific basis for the selection and configuration of coastal greening plants.The experiment was conducted along the coast of the Gulei Peninsula,Fujian. The experimental sites were divided into zones with and without shelterbelts. Cylinders were used to measure salt spray deposition at a variety of distances from the shoreline. Cylinders were installed at different heights in shelterbelt-free areas to measure the salt spray deposition variation. Our results showed that salt spray deposition decreased as the distance from the shoreline increases. During the winter,salt spray deposition decreased rapidly with distance closer than 500 m from the shoreline.The rate of decrease finished at longer distances. The shelterbelt significantly reduced salt spray deposition,with a 15.4% decrease in winter. At the sites without shelterbelt,there was no significant difference in deposition among locations at different heights. Results from the principal component and redundancy analyses showed that distance from the shoreline,wind speed,and frequency of a northwest wind were key factors driving salt spray deposition. We concluded that shelterbelt construction was an effective measure to protect plants from ocean salt water vapor.
Salt spray is one of the main factors affecting plant growth in coastal areas. This study aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of salt spray deposition and its driving factors,and provide scientific basis for the selection and configuration of coastal greening plants.The experiment was conducted along the coast of the Gulei Peninsula,Fujian. The experimental sites were divided into zones with and without shelterbelts. Cylinders were used to measure salt spray deposition at a variety of distances from the shoreline. Cylinders were installed at different heights in shelterbelt-free areas to measure the salt spray deposition variation. Our results showed that salt spray deposition decreased as the distance from the shoreline increases. During the winter,salt spray deposition decreased rapidly with distance closer than 500 m from the shoreline.The rate of decrease finished at longer distances. The shelterbelt significantly reduced salt spray deposition,with a 15.4% decrease in winter. At the sites without shelterbelt,there was no significant difference in deposition among locations at different heights. Results from the principal component and redundancy analyses showed that distance from the shoreline,wind speed,and frequency of a northwest wind were key factors driving salt spray deposition. We concluded that shelterbelt construction was an effective measure to protect plants from ocean salt water vapor.
引文
卞阿娜,王文卿.2009.厦门海湾大道耐盐园林植物的选择与配置.漳州师范学院学报:自然科学版,65(3):125-129.
陈佳源,吴幼恭,杨乃才.1984.南亚热带滨海地区整治一例.福建师大学报:自然科学版,(1):133-140.
陈顺伟,高智慧,岳春雷,等.2001.杜英等树种对盐雾胁迫的反应及其生理特性研究.浙江大学学报农业与生命科学版,27(4):398-402.
陈洋芳.2017.我国南方滨海地区植被修复的主要难题-盐雾危害(硕士学位论文).厦门:厦门大学.
贺位忠,李玉芬,高大海.2008.舟山海岛困难地造林树种选择与配套技术研究.浙江林业科技,28(4):39-42.
胡海波,康立新.1998.国外沿海防护林生态及其效益研究进展.世界林业研究,(2):18-25.
李芊芊.2017.盐雾沉降的时空分布与滨海绿化植物的长势关系研究---以福建古雷半岛为例(硕士学位论文),厦门:厦门大学.
李载鸣,郭秀珮,陈正慧.2005.澎湖群岛海岸防风林植物群落生态调查.中国水土保持科学,3(1):19-24.
林鸣,王文卿.2006.浪花飞溅区高山榕盐害机制初步探讨.厦门大学学报:自然科学版,45(2):284-288.
闵剑勇,赵伟,宋国森,等.2013.江苏临海高等级公路绿化种植试验.华东公路,(6):69-71.
苏畅.2012.关于辽宁滨海大道地域性植物景观建设的建议.旅游纵览(行业版),(2):88.
苏凤秀,柯欢,蔡静如,等.2007.珠海滨海园林植物盐害及野生耐盐植物调查.广东园林,29(6):40-43.
苏燕苹.2013.福建平潭抗风耐盐园林植物的筛选与配置.亚热带植物科学,42(3):267-270.
谭广文,曾非凡,刘斌.2013.广东海陵岛银滩滨海旅游区园林树种选择与应用研究.中国园林,(5):96-99.
王述礼,孔繁智,关德新,等.1995.沿海防护林防海煞危害初探.应用生态学报,6(3):251-254.
王文卿,陈琼.2013.南方滨海耐盐植物资源(一).厦门:厦门大学出版社.
伍伯瑜.1982.台湾海峡的气候特征.应用海洋学学报,1(2):16-20.
徐国葆,黄玉洲,吴忠勇,1995.中华人民共和国国家标准电工电子产品自然环境条件尘、沙、盐雾.环境技术,(2):30-44.
徐国葆.1994.我国沿海大气中盐雾含量与分布.环境技术,(3):1-7.
姚培森.2016.晋江深沪湾风口沿海防护林修复改造技术.福建林业科技.43(2):185-189.
衣华鹏,张鹏宴,毕继胜,等.2008.烟台海岸带防护林的生态环境效应与景观生态建设.海洋科学.32(2):69-73.
赵颖,王国明,陈闻,等.2016.盐雾胁迫对7种海岛树种生理特性的影响.浙江林业科技,36(1):24-31.
Griffiths ME,Orians CM.2003.Salt spray differentially affects water status,necrosis,and growth in coastal sand plain heathland species.American Journal of Botany,90:1188-1196.
Griffiths ME.2006.Salt spray and edaphic factors maintain dwarf stature and community composition in coastal sand plain heathlands.Plant Ecology,186:69-86.
Lin Y,Li J,Bakker JD,et al.2017.Wind and salt spray alter tree shape and dry mass density in Casuarina equisetifolia L.Trees,31:15-26.
Malloch AJC.1972.Salt-spray deposition on the maritime cliffs of the Lizard Peninsula.Journal of Ecology,60:103-112.
Ogura A,Yura H.2008.Effects of sandblasting and salt spray on inland plants transplanted to coastal sand dunes.Ecological Research,23:107-112.
Sanchez-Vilas J,Retuerto R.2012.Response of the sexes of the subdioecious plant Honckenya peploides to nutrients under different salt spray conditions.Ecological Research,27:163-171.
Simini M,Leone IA.1982.Effect of photoperiod,temperature and relative humidity on chloride uptake of plants exposed to salt spray.Phytopathology,72:1163-1166.
Sykes MT,Wilson JB.1988.An experimental investigation into the response of some New Zealand sand dune species to salt spray.Annals of Botany,62:159-166.
陈佳源,吴幼恭,杨乃才.1984.南亚热带滨海地区整治一例.福建师大学报:自然科学版,(1):133-140.
陈顺伟,高智慧,岳春雷,等.2001.杜英等树种对盐雾胁迫的反应及其生理特性研究.浙江大学学报农业与生命科学版,27(4):398-402.
陈洋芳.2017.我国南方滨海地区植被修复的主要难题-盐雾危害(硕士学位论文).厦门:厦门大学.
贺位忠,李玉芬,高大海.2008.舟山海岛困难地造林树种选择与配套技术研究.浙江林业科技,28(4):39-42.
胡海波,康立新.1998.国外沿海防护林生态及其效益研究进展.世界林业研究,(2):18-25.
李芊芊.2017.盐雾沉降的时空分布与滨海绿化植物的长势关系研究---以福建古雷半岛为例(硕士学位论文),厦门:厦门大学.
李载鸣,郭秀珮,陈正慧.2005.澎湖群岛海岸防风林植物群落生态调查.中国水土保持科学,3(1):19-24.
林鸣,王文卿.2006.浪花飞溅区高山榕盐害机制初步探讨.厦门大学学报:自然科学版,45(2):284-288.
闵剑勇,赵伟,宋国森,等.2013.江苏临海高等级公路绿化种植试验.华东公路,(6):69-71.
苏畅.2012.关于辽宁滨海大道地域性植物景观建设的建议.旅游纵览(行业版),(2):88.
苏凤秀,柯欢,蔡静如,等.2007.珠海滨海园林植物盐害及野生耐盐植物调查.广东园林,29(6):40-43.
苏燕苹.2013.福建平潭抗风耐盐园林植物的筛选与配置.亚热带植物科学,42(3):267-270.
谭广文,曾非凡,刘斌.2013.广东海陵岛银滩滨海旅游区园林树种选择与应用研究.中国园林,(5):96-99.
王述礼,孔繁智,关德新,等.1995.沿海防护林防海煞危害初探.应用生态学报,6(3):251-254.
王文卿,陈琼.2013.南方滨海耐盐植物资源(一).厦门:厦门大学出版社.
伍伯瑜.1982.台湾海峡的气候特征.应用海洋学学报,1(2):16-20.
徐国葆,黄玉洲,吴忠勇,1995.中华人民共和国国家标准电工电子产品自然环境条件尘、沙、盐雾.环境技术,(2):30-44.
徐国葆.1994.我国沿海大气中盐雾含量与分布.环境技术,(3):1-7.
姚培森.2016.晋江深沪湾风口沿海防护林修复改造技术.福建林业科技.43(2):185-189.
衣华鹏,张鹏宴,毕继胜,等.2008.烟台海岸带防护林的生态环境效应与景观生态建设.海洋科学.32(2):69-73.
赵颖,王国明,陈闻,等.2016.盐雾胁迫对7种海岛树种生理特性的影响.浙江林业科技,36(1):24-31.
Griffiths ME,Orians CM.2003.Salt spray differentially affects water status,necrosis,and growth in coastal sand plain heathland species.American Journal of Botany,90:1188-1196.
Griffiths ME.2006.Salt spray and edaphic factors maintain dwarf stature and community composition in coastal sand plain heathlands.Plant Ecology,186:69-86.
Lin Y,Li J,Bakker JD,et al.2017.Wind and salt spray alter tree shape and dry mass density in Casuarina equisetifolia L.Trees,31:15-26.
Malloch AJC.1972.Salt-spray deposition on the maritime cliffs of the Lizard Peninsula.Journal of Ecology,60:103-112.
Ogura A,Yura H.2008.Effects of sandblasting and salt spray on inland plants transplanted to coastal sand dunes.Ecological Research,23:107-112.
Sanchez-Vilas J,Retuerto R.2012.Response of the sexes of the subdioecious plant Honckenya peploides to nutrients under different salt spray conditions.Ecological Research,27:163-171.
Simini M,Leone IA.1982.Effect of photoperiod,temperature and relative humidity on chloride uptake of plants exposed to salt spray.Phytopathology,72:1163-1166.
Sykes MT,Wilson JB.1988.An experimental investigation into the response of some New Zealand sand dune species to salt spray.Annals of Botany,62:159-166.