无柄灵芝的鉴定及其在SD大鼠饲粮中应用价值的评估
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摘要
本试验旨在研究液体培养的无柄灵芝菌液和菌丝对SD大鼠生长性能和营养物质沉积的影响,评估其在饲粮中的应用价值。通过对灵芝菌DNA的ITS序列的分析,对灵芝菌属进行鉴定。选取36只健康的3周龄雄性SD大鼠,随机分成3组:灌喂马铃薯葡萄糖水组(对照组)、灌喂无柄灵芝菌液组(菌液组)和灌喂无柄灵芝菌丝组(菌丝组),每组4个重复,每个重复3只大鼠,按照10 mL/(kg BW·d)连续灌喂4周。结果表明:与对照组相比,菌液组平均日增重显著提高(P<0.10),菌丝组平均日采食量显著降低(P<0.10),菌液组和菌丝组饲料转化率均无显著差异(P>0.10);菌液组和菌丝组器官指数和背最长肌中肌苷酸含量均无显著差异(P>0.05),但菌液组背最长肌中总蛋白以及天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸等12种氨基酸的含量显著提高(P<0.05)。综上,灌喂无柄灵芝菌液、菌丝对SD大鼠的生长性能有一定影响,但灌喂无柄灵芝菌液对肌肉中总蛋白、风味氨基酸的沉积具有促进作用。
This experiment was aimed to investigate the effects of liquid cultured sessile Ganoderma lucidum solution and mycelium on growth performance and nutrient deposition in SD rats,and evaluate its application value in diets. The Ganoderma genus was identified by analysis of the ITS sequence of Ganoderma lucidum DNA. Thirty-six healthy 3-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: feeding potato glucose water group(control group),feeding sessile Ganoderma lucidum solution group(solution group) and feeding sessile Ganoderma lucidum mycelium group(mycelium group),with 4 replicates per group and 3 rats per replicate,and fed 4 weeks at a dose of 10 mL/(kg BW·d). The results showed as follows: compared with the control group,the average daily weight gain in solution group increased significantly(P<0.10),the average daily feed intake in mycelium group significantly decreased(P<0.10),while there was no significant effect on the feed conversion rate in solution group and mycelium group(P>0.10); the organ indexes and inosine acid content of Longissimus dorsi in solution group and mycelium group had no significant difference(P>0.05),but the contents of total protein and aspartic acid,serine,glutamate,glycine,alanine,valine,methionine,isoleucine,tyrosine,phenylalanine,histidine and arginine of Longissimus dorsi in solution group significantly increased(P<0.05). In conclusion,feeding sessile Ganoderma lucidum solution and mycelium have no significant effect on the growth of SD rats,but Ganoderma lucidum solution can promote the deposition of total protein and flavor amino acids in muscle.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(9) : 4314-4321]
This experiment was aimed to investigate the effects of liquid cultured sessile Ganoderma lucidum solution and mycelium on growth performance and nutrient deposition in SD rats,and evaluate its application value in diets. The Ganoderma genus was identified by analysis of the ITS sequence of Ganoderma lucidum DNA. Thirty-six healthy 3-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: feeding potato glucose water group(control group),feeding sessile Ganoderma lucidum solution group(solution group) and feeding sessile Ganoderma lucidum mycelium group(mycelium group),with 4 replicates per group and 3 rats per replicate,and fed 4 weeks at a dose of 10 mL/(kg BW·d). The results showed as follows: compared with the control group,the average daily weight gain in solution group increased significantly(P<0.10),the average daily feed intake in mycelium group significantly decreased(P<0.10),while there was no significant effect on the feed conversion rate in solution group and mycelium group(P>0.10); the organ indexes and inosine acid content of Longissimus dorsi in solution group and mycelium group had no significant difference(P>0.05),but the contents of total protein and aspartic acid,serine,glutamate,glycine,alanine,valine,methionine,isoleucine,tyrosine,phenylalanine,histidine and arginine of Longissimus dorsi in solution group significantly increased(P<0.05). In conclusion,feeding sessile Ganoderma lucidum solution and mycelium have no significant effect on the growth of SD rats,but Ganoderma lucidum solution can promote the deposition of total protein and flavor amino acids in muscle.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(9) : 4314-4321]
引文
[1]彭杨芷，苏悦，芦光亮，等．灵芝主要功效现代研究进展[J]．亚太传统医药，2016,12(18):71.
[2]张晓云，杨春清．灵芝的化学成分和药理作用[J]．国外医药(植物药分册)，2006,21(4):152-155.
[3] LEE S Y,RHEE H M.Cardiovascular effects of mycelium extract of G anoderma lucidum:inhibition of sympathetic outflow as a mechanism of its hypotensive action[J]. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin,1990,38(5):1359-1364.
[4] SONE Y,OKUDA R,WADA N,et al.Structures and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides isolated from fruiting body and the grow ing culture of mycelium of G anoderma lucidum[J]. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry,1985,49(9):2641-2653.
[5]刘冬，李世敏，许柏球，等．灵芝菌丝体深层液体发酵培养基研究[J]．微生物杂志，2001,21(2):15-17.
[6]李秀娟．灵芝液体发酵过程中微量元素的富集及多糖产量提高的研究[D]．硕士学位论文．北京:中国农业大学，2005.
[7] TANG Y J,ZHONG J J. Role of oxygen supply in submerged fermentation of G anoderma lucidum for production of G anoderma polysaccharide and ganoderic acid[J]. Enzyme and M icrobial Technology,2003,32(3/4):478-484.
[8]林伟龙，李兆安，蔡金艳．复方赤灵芝营养粉对小鼠抗疲劳作用和氧化损伤模型小鼠的影响[J]．广东药科大学学报，2019,35(2):242-245.
[9]何嘉烽，吴小勇，尹辉，等．水溶性灵芝粉的制备及其免疫调节活性评价[J]．广东药科大学学报，2018,34(3):288-292.
[10]宋兴超，杨福合，邢秀梅，等．我国竹鼠资源种类、价值及人工驯养前景[J]．特种经济动植物，2009,12(2):8-10.
[11]刘克俊，万火福，张文明，等．竹鼠养殖业现状、前景及发展对策[J]．广西畜牧兽医，2017,33(4):180-183.
[12]李志宏．中华灵芝宝抗肿瘤作用及机理研究[J]．黑龙江医药，2002,15(4):285-287.
[13] YEH C H,CHEN H C,YANG J J,et al.Polysaccharides PS-G and protein LZ-8 from Reishi(G anoderma lucidum)exhibit diverse functions in regulating murine macrophages and T lymphocytes[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2010,58(15):8535-8544.
[14] ZHAO H Y,LUO Y Y,LU C,et al.Enteric mucosal immune response might trigger the immunomodulation activity of G anoderma lucidum polysaccharide in mice[J].Planta Medica,2010,76(3):223-227.
[15]张群豪，於东晖，林志彬．用血清药理学方法研究灵芝浸膏GLE的抗肿瘤作用机制[J]．北京医科大学学报，2000,32(3):210-213.
[16] WANG J G,ZHANG L N,YU Y H,et al. Enhancement of antitumor activities in sulfated and carboxymethylated polysaccharides of G anoderma lucidum[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2009,57(22):10565-10572.
[17]游育红，林志彬．灵芝多糖肽的抗氧化作用[J]．药学学报，2003,38(2):85-88.
[18]邢瑞虎，郭艳丽，何玉鹏，等．灵芝菌培养物对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化性能和免疫功能的影响[J]．甘肃农业大学学报，2013,48(6):29-33.
[19]陈铁晖，陈润．灵芝孢子油软胶囊对小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究[J]．安徽预防医学杂志，2016,22(6):367-370,374.
[20]张晓羊，王永强，张文举，等．嗜酸乳杆菌发酵棉籽粕对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响[J]．动物营养学报，2016,28(12):3885-3893.
[21]陈继兰．鸡肉肌苷酸和肌内脂肪含量遗传规律及相关候选基因的研究[D]．博士学位论文．北京:中国农业大学，2004:3-5.
[22]王永强，张晓羊，刘建成，等．嗜酸乳杆菌发酵棉籽粕对黄羽肉鸡肌肉营养成分和风味特性的影响[J]．动物营养学报，2017,29(12):4419-4432.
[23]高艳敏，边连全，刘显军．中草药复方制剂对桂香鸡生长性能和肉品质的影响[J]．中国畜牧杂志，2015,51(3):72-76.
[24]汪以真，许梓荣，冯杰．甜菜碱对猪肉品质的影响及机理探讨[J]．中国农业科学，2000,33(1):94-99.
[25]刘莉莹．茶病灵芝、树灵芝和无柄紫灵芝化学成分及生物活性研究[D]．博士学位论文．北京:北京协和医学院，2017.
[26] BONI I,NURUL H,NORYATI I.Comparison of meat quality characteristics betw een young and spent quails[J]. International Food Research Journal,2010,17(3):661-666.
[27] MIZUNO T,WANG G Y,ZHANG J,et al. Reishi,G anoderma lucidum and G anoderma tsugae:bioactive substances and medicinal effects[J].Food Review s International,1995,11(1):151-166.
[28]郭蓉，王安明，罗轶．竹鼠肌肉营养成分分析[J]．黑龙江畜牧兽医，2015(2):191-193.
[2]张晓云，杨春清．灵芝的化学成分和药理作用[J]．国外医药(植物药分册)，2006,21(4):152-155.
[3] LEE S Y,RHEE H M.Cardiovascular effects of mycelium extract of G anoderma lucidum:inhibition of sympathetic outflow as a mechanism of its hypotensive action[J]. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin,1990,38(5):1359-1364.
[4] SONE Y,OKUDA R,WADA N,et al.Structures and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides isolated from fruiting body and the grow ing culture of mycelium of G anoderma lucidum[J]. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry,1985,49(9):2641-2653.
[5]刘冬，李世敏，许柏球，等．灵芝菌丝体深层液体发酵培养基研究[J]．微生物杂志，2001,21(2):15-17.
[6]李秀娟．灵芝液体发酵过程中微量元素的富集及多糖产量提高的研究[D]．硕士学位论文．北京:中国农业大学，2005.
[7] TANG Y J,ZHONG J J. Role of oxygen supply in submerged fermentation of G anoderma lucidum for production of G anoderma polysaccharide and ganoderic acid[J]. Enzyme and M icrobial Technology,2003,32(3/4):478-484.
[8]林伟龙，李兆安，蔡金艳．复方赤灵芝营养粉对小鼠抗疲劳作用和氧化损伤模型小鼠的影响[J]．广东药科大学学报，2019,35(2):242-245.
[9]何嘉烽，吴小勇，尹辉，等．水溶性灵芝粉的制备及其免疫调节活性评价[J]．广东药科大学学报，2018,34(3):288-292.
[10]宋兴超，杨福合，邢秀梅，等．我国竹鼠资源种类、价值及人工驯养前景[J]．特种经济动植物，2009,12(2):8-10.
[11]刘克俊，万火福，张文明，等．竹鼠养殖业现状、前景及发展对策[J]．广西畜牧兽医，2017,33(4):180-183.
[12]李志宏．中华灵芝宝抗肿瘤作用及机理研究[J]．黑龙江医药，2002,15(4):285-287.
[13] YEH C H,CHEN H C,YANG J J,et al.Polysaccharides PS-G and protein LZ-8 from Reishi(G anoderma lucidum)exhibit diverse functions in regulating murine macrophages and T lymphocytes[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2010,58(15):8535-8544.
[14] ZHAO H Y,LUO Y Y,LU C,et al.Enteric mucosal immune response might trigger the immunomodulation activity of G anoderma lucidum polysaccharide in mice[J].Planta Medica,2010,76(3):223-227.
[15]张群豪，於东晖，林志彬．用血清药理学方法研究灵芝浸膏GLE的抗肿瘤作用机制[J]．北京医科大学学报，2000,32(3):210-213.
[16] WANG J G,ZHANG L N,YU Y H,et al. Enhancement of antitumor activities in sulfated and carboxymethylated polysaccharides of G anoderma lucidum[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2009,57(22):10565-10572.
[17]游育红，林志彬．灵芝多糖肽的抗氧化作用[J]．药学学报，2003,38(2):85-88.
[18]邢瑞虎，郭艳丽，何玉鹏，等．灵芝菌培养物对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化性能和免疫功能的影响[J]．甘肃农业大学学报，2013,48(6):29-33.
[19]陈铁晖，陈润．灵芝孢子油软胶囊对小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究[J]．安徽预防医学杂志，2016,22(6):367-370,374.
[20]张晓羊，王永强，张文举，等．嗜酸乳杆菌发酵棉籽粕对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响[J]．动物营养学报，2016,28(12):3885-3893.
[21]陈继兰．鸡肉肌苷酸和肌内脂肪含量遗传规律及相关候选基因的研究[D]．博士学位论文．北京:中国农业大学，2004:3-5.
[22]王永强，张晓羊，刘建成，等．嗜酸乳杆菌发酵棉籽粕对黄羽肉鸡肌肉营养成分和风味特性的影响[J]．动物营养学报，2017,29(12):4419-4432.
[23]高艳敏，边连全，刘显军．中草药复方制剂对桂香鸡生长性能和肉品质的影响[J]．中国畜牧杂志，2015,51(3):72-76.
[24]汪以真，许梓荣，冯杰．甜菜碱对猪肉品质的影响及机理探讨[J]．中国农业科学，2000,33(1):94-99.
[25]刘莉莹．茶病灵芝、树灵芝和无柄紫灵芝化学成分及生物活性研究[D]．博士学位论文．北京:北京协和医学院，2017.
[26] BONI I,NURUL H,NORYATI I.Comparison of meat quality characteristics betw een young and spent quails[J]. International Food Research Journal,2010,17(3):661-666.
[27] MIZUNO T,WANG G Y,ZHANG J,et al. Reishi,G anoderma lucidum and G anoderma tsugae:bioactive substances and medicinal effects[J].Food Review s International,1995,11(1):151-166.
[28]郭蓉，王安明，罗轶．竹鼠肌肉营养成分分析[J]．黑龙江畜牧兽医，2015(2):191-193.
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