南极阿蒙森海域气象和海况特征分析
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摘要
本文通过比较我国第34次南极科考阿蒙森海航行期间雪龙船观测数据与欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)ERA-Interim的风浪数据,发现两者相关显著,ECMWF数据能较好地反映该区域风浪状况。基于该套数据,对1979—2017年12—3月阿蒙森海域的海平面气压、海表面10m风、海浪有效波高基本特征进行分析。结果表明,中高纬度阿蒙森海域风向呈稳定偏西,风速大小随纬度增高而减小。各月的平均风速、大风频率和极值风速大小存在差别, 3月较其他月份平均风速和大风频率都偏高, 2月次之, 12—1月最小。海浪有效波高变化特征与风速的纬向性分布以及月差异相对应,有效波高和巨浪出现频率随纬度的增加而减小。3月份,57°S—55°S海域平均有效波高最大值达到4m以上,该月60°S—55°S区域巨浪频率达35%以上。综合而言, 3月份阿蒙森海域风浪较大, 12—1月风浪状况相对较好。
This study compared automatic weather station data, manual observation of wave height measured by the RV Xuelong, and ERA-Interim data from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) dataset collected by China's 34 th Antarctic expedition. The correlation coefficients all reached levels of significance. The ERA-Interim data were chosen to analyze climatological characteristics in the Amundsen Sea, including the average 10-m wind field, mean and extreme significant wave heights, extreme wind speed, and mean sea-level pressure. The results show that wind direction in the Amundsen Sea at the middle and high latitudes was stable westward, and wind speed decreased with an increasing latitude. The average wind speed, frequency of strong winds, and extreme wind speed were variable from month to month.The average wind speed and frequency of strong winds were highest in March, followed by in February, and lowest in December and January. Variations of significant wave height corresponded to zonal wind speed,decreasing with an increasing latitude. Likewise, wave height decreased with an increasing latitude. In March, the average significant wave height at 57°–55°S reached more than 4 m, and the frequency of very rough sea at 60°–55°S exceeded 35%. Overall, wind speed and wave height in the Amundsen Sea were relatively high in March, dropping in December–January.
This study compared automatic weather station data, manual observation of wave height measured by the RV Xuelong, and ERA-Interim data from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) dataset collected by China's 34 th Antarctic expedition. The correlation coefficients all reached levels of significance. The ERA-Interim data were chosen to analyze climatological characteristics in the Amundsen Sea, including the average 10-m wind field, mean and extreme significant wave heights, extreme wind speed, and mean sea-level pressure. The results show that wind direction in the Amundsen Sea at the middle and high latitudes was stable westward, and wind speed decreased with an increasing latitude. The average wind speed, frequency of strong winds, and extreme wind speed were variable from month to month.The average wind speed and frequency of strong winds were highest in March, followed by in February, and lowest in December and January. Variations of significant wave height corresponded to zonal wind speed,decreasing with an increasing latitude. Likewise, wave height decreased with an increasing latitude. In March, the average significant wave height at 57°–55°S reached more than 4 m, and the frequency of very rough sea at 60°–55°S exceeded 35%. Overall, wind speed and wave height in the Amundsen Sea were relatively high in March, dropping in December–January.
引文
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2 DEE D P,UPPALA S M,SIMMONS A J,et al.The ERA-Interim reanalysis:configuration and performance of the data assimilation system[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,2011,137(656):553-597.
3 POLI P,HEALY S B,DEE D P.Assimilation of Global Positioning System radio occultation data in the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,2010,136(653):1972-1990.
4 E.B.柯劳斯[英].大气和海洋的相互作用[M].北京:科学出版社,1979:147-150.
5陈永利,赵永平,张必成,等.海上不同高度风速换算关系的研究[J].海洋科学,1989,13(3):27-31.
6 WEI L,QIN T.Characteristics of cyclone climatology and variability in the Southern Ocean[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2016,35(7):59-67.
7秦听.南大洋气旋气候特征及其与AAO、ENSO等的关系研究[D].北京:国家海洋环境预报中心,2014.
8 KING J C,TURNER J[英].南极天气和气候[M].北京:海洋出版社,2007:84-88.
9郑崇伟.基于CCMP风场的近22年中国海海表风场特征分析[J].气象与减灾研究,2011,34(3):41-46.
10葛黎丽,屈衍,张志旭,等.南海深水区风、浪、流多年一遇重现期极值的推算[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(3):207-210.
11侍茂崇,高郭平,鲍献文,等.海洋调查方法[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2016.