矿区塌陷区开发建设用地的稳定性分析
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摘要
随着我国城镇化进程加快,城市周边闲置的塌陷土地逐渐被列为城市发展用地,大量的塌陷区土地被开发利用成为建设用地。当在塌陷区土地上新建建筑物时,荷载的增加可能会破坏老采空区的应力平衡状态,导致老采空区"活化",引发地基失稳。为分析塌陷区土地转为建设用地后的稳定性,提出了定量估算塌陷区上方新建建筑物安全高度的方法。结合实例,根据弹性地基应力布辛奈斯克解在三维空间上的计算法则,计算了建筑物的荷载影响深度;根据覆岩破坏特征,认为当新建建筑物的荷载影响深度、煤岩柱保护层厚度和导水裂缝带高度之和恰好等于采空区最小埋藏深度时,此时的新建建筑物荷载为临界荷载。当新建建筑物的载荷不超过临界载荷时,不会引起采空区"活化"。研究表明:根据矿区塌陷区地质采矿条件计算临界载荷,反演新建建筑物的安全高度,可为确定矿区塌陷区新建建筑物的安全高度提供理论依据。
With the acceleration of China's urbanization process,idle collapsed land around the city is gradually listed as urban development land.A large number of land in the subsidence area has been developed and used as construction land.When a new building is built on the subsidence area,the increase of load may destroy the stress balance state of the old goaf,leading to the"activation"of the old goaf and causing the foundation to lose stability.A quantitative method was put forward to estimate the safe height of the new buildings above the subsidence area,so as to analyze the stability of converting mining subsidence area into construction land.Combing with the study example,according to the calculation rule of the stress Boussinesq solution of the elastic foundation in three-dimensional space,the impact depth of building loads is calculated.According to the characteristics of overburden failure,it is proposed that when the sum of the impact depth of building loads,the thickness of protective layer of coal pillar and the height of water-conductive fissure zone just equals to the minimum burial depth of goaf,the load of new building is the critical load.When the load of the new building does not exceed the critical load,the goaf will not be"activated".The study results show that according to the geological and mining conditions of the subsidence area,the safe height of the new building can be retrieved by calculating the critical load,which can provide a theoretical basis for the safety height of the new building in the subsidence area.
With the acceleration of China's urbanization process,idle collapsed land around the city is gradually listed as urban development land.A large number of land in the subsidence area has been developed and used as construction land.When a new building is built on the subsidence area,the increase of load may destroy the stress balance state of the old goaf,leading to the"activation"of the old goaf and causing the foundation to lose stability.A quantitative method was put forward to estimate the safe height of the new buildings above the subsidence area,so as to analyze the stability of converting mining subsidence area into construction land.Combing with the study example,according to the calculation rule of the stress Boussinesq solution of the elastic foundation in three-dimensional space,the impact depth of building loads is calculated.According to the characteristics of overburden failure,it is proposed that when the sum of the impact depth of building loads,the thickness of protective layer of coal pillar and the height of water-conductive fissure zone just equals to the minimum burial depth of goaf,the load of new building is the critical load.When the load of the new building does not exceed the critical load,the goaf will not be"activated".The study results show that according to the geological and mining conditions of the subsidence area,the safe height of the new building can be retrieved by calculating the critical load,which can provide a theoretical basis for the safety height of the new building in the subsidence area.
引文
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[18]姜.岩.应用地表移动与矿山开采损害学[M].柏林：VGE矿业出版社，2006.Jiang Yan.Application of surface movement and mining damage science[M].Berlin:VGE Mining Press,2006.
[19]宋炳忠.采煤塌陷区建筑物附加应力影响深度的计算与分析[J].山东国土资源，2018,34(11):79-85.Song Bingzhong.Additional stress in coal mining subsidence building influence depth calculation and analysis[J].Shandong Land and Resources,2018,34(11):79-85.
[20]郭广礼，何国清，崔曙光.部分开采老采空区覆岩稳定性分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理，2003,20(3):70-73.Guo Guangli,He Guoqing,Cui Shuguang.Analysis of overlying strata stability over abandoned goaf with partial mining[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2003,20(3):70-73.
[21]苏仲杰.矿山沉陷区新建建筑物可行性分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报，2008(1):54-58.Su Zhongjie.Feasibility analysis of new building in mine subsidence area[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazards and Prevention,2008(1):54-58.
[2]刘曙光.淮南市大通矿区煤矸石充填复垦地修复效果研究[J].金属矿山，2017(10):110-114.Liu Shuguang.Study on the effect of coal gangue filling and reclamation in Datong mining area of Huainan City[J].Metal Mine,2017(10):110-114.
[3]何国清，杨伦，凌赓娣，等.矿山开采沉陷学[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，1991.He Guoqing,Yang Lun,Ling Gengdi,et al.Mining Subsidence[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,1991.
[4]郭广礼.老采空区上方建筑地基变形机理及其控制[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，2001.Guo Guangli.Mechanism and Control of Foundation Deformation over Old Goaf[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2001.
[5]滕永海，张俊英.老采空区地基稳定性评价[J].煤炭学报，1997,22(5):504-508.Teng Yonghai,Zhang Junying.Evaluation on stability of building foundation over goafs[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1997,22(5):504-508.
[6]张长敏，祁丽华，慎乃齐.采空区建筑地基稳定性评价研究[J].湖南科技大学学报：自然科学版，2006,21(4):47-50.Zhang Changmin,Qi Lihua,Shen Naiqi.Stability analysis of the building foundation for goaf[J].Journal of Hunan University of Science&Technology:Natural Science Edition,2006,21(4):47-50.
[7]邵龙潭，郭莹.新编土力学教程[M].北京：冶金工业出版社，2013.Shao Longtan,Guo Ying.New Soil Mechanics Course[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2013.
[8]Worsak K N.Point sink fundamental solutions for subsidence prediction[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1990,116(116):1176-1182.
[9]邱贤德.数值计算在采空区稳定性评价中的应用[J].矿山压力与顶板管理，2002,19(4):105-110.Qiu Xiande.Application of numerical calculation method in evaluating the stope stability of ore body[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2002,19(4):105-110.
[10]王雅丽.土力学与地基基础[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社，2016.Wang Yali.Soil Mechanics and Foundation[M].Chongqing:Chongqing University Press,2016.
[11]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.GB 51044—2014煤矿采空区岩土工程勘察规范[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2014.Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development of the People's Republic of China.GB 51044—2014 specification for rock mass engineering investigation in goaf of coal mine[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2014.
[12]吴兆营，薄景山，杜国林，等.采空区对地表稳定性的影响[J].自然灾害学报，2004,13(2):140-144.Wu Zhaoying,Bo Jingshan,Du Guolin,et al.Effects of mining excavation on ground stability[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2004,13(2):140-144.
[13]郭广礼.地面荷载对地下采空区的临界扰动深度及其影响[J].矿山压力与顶板管理，2004(1):72-73.Guo Guangli.The critical disturbance depth of underground goaf under ground load and its influence[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2004(1):72-73.
[14]马金荣，刘辉，季翔，等.煤矿废弃采空区建筑场地稳定性研究[J].建筑科学，2006,22(4):21-24.Ma Jinrong,Liu Hui,Ji Xiang,et al.Study on construction field stability at mine abandoned stopes[J].Building Science,2006,22(4):21-24.
[15]任高峰.特大地下采空区稳定性评价及处理措施[J].矿山压力与顶板管理，2005,22(2):22-25.Ren Gaofeng.Stability evaluation and dealing approach of the extremely large goaf[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2005,22(2):22-25.
[16]邹友峰.矿山开采沉陷工程[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，2003.Zou Youfeng.Mine Mining Subsidence Engineering[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2003.
[17]李振鲁，张文泉.巷道防隔水煤（岩）柱留设研究[J].煤炭技术，2017,36(4):71-73.Li Zhenlu,Zhang Wenquan.Research on water-proof coal(rock)pillar retention in roadway[J].Coal Technology,2017,36(4):71-73.
[18]姜.岩.应用地表移动与矿山开采损害学[M].柏林：VGE矿业出版社，2006.Jiang Yan.Application of surface movement and mining damage science[M].Berlin:VGE Mining Press,2006.
[19]宋炳忠.采煤塌陷区建筑物附加应力影响深度的计算与分析[J].山东国土资源，2018,34(11):79-85.Song Bingzhong.Additional stress in coal mining subsidence building influence depth calculation and analysis[J].Shandong Land and Resources,2018,34(11):79-85.
[20]郭广礼，何国清，崔曙光.部分开采老采空区覆岩稳定性分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理，2003,20(3):70-73.Guo Guangli,He Guoqing,Cui Shuguang.Analysis of overlying strata stability over abandoned goaf with partial mining[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2003,20(3):70-73.
[21]苏仲杰.矿山沉陷区新建建筑物可行性分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报，2008(1):54-58.Su Zhongjie.Feasibility analysis of new building in mine subsidence area[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazards and Prevention,2008(1):54-58.
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