低温菌对冬季水稻秸秆发酵腐解特性的影响
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摘要
以青藏高原极端环境下的微生物为主,制成低温生物菌剂,应用于冬季稻田内水稻秸秆的原位发酵,研究水稻秸秆在冬季施用生物菌剂低温发酵后的质量和养分变化.结果表明:随着秸秆低温发酵时间的延长,水稻秸秆的总有机质含量逐渐降低,而水稻秸秆全氮、全磷和全钾则逐步增加,不同时期秸杆总有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾指标,结果之间差异极显著(P<0.01,n=3).试验末期测得水稻秸秆失重率为58.26%,而18.34%的秸秆C/N比说明秸秆已经腐熟;同时C/N比与失重率呈极显著负相关(r=-0.947,P<0.01).水稻秸秆发酵的综合质量量化评价结果也表明,A0424秸秆发酵的综合质量投影值为2.2644,远高于其他.低温生物菌剂应用于水稻秸秆的冬季发酵,效果明显.
The microorganisms from the extreme environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were used to make low temperature microbial agents for in-situ fermentation of rice straw in paddy fields in winter. The quality and nutrient changes of rice straw after low temperature fermentation with microbial agents in winter were studied in this paper. The results showed that the total organic matter content of rice straw decreased gradually and the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium of rice straw increased gradually with the extension of straw fermentation time at low temperature, but there were significant differences in total organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium among indices in different periods. The weight loss rate was 58.26%, and the C/N ratio of rice straw was 18.34% in the end of trial, which meet the standards of maturity. At the same time, C/N ratio was significantly negatively correlated with the rate of weight loss(r=-0.947, P<0.01). Quantitative evaluation of comprehensive quality of rice straw fermentation also showed that the projection value of comprehensive quality of straw fermentation was 2.2644 for A0424, which was much higher than the other two. The application of cryogenic microbial bacteria in fermentation of rice straw in winter has achieved obvious results.
The microorganisms from the extreme environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were used to make low temperature microbial agents for in-situ fermentation of rice straw in paddy fields in winter. The quality and nutrient changes of rice straw after low temperature fermentation with microbial agents in winter were studied in this paper. The results showed that the total organic matter content of rice straw decreased gradually and the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium of rice straw increased gradually with the extension of straw fermentation time at low temperature, but there were significant differences in total organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium among indices in different periods. The weight loss rate was 58.26%, and the C/N ratio of rice straw was 18.34% in the end of trial, which meet the standards of maturity. At the same time, C/N ratio was significantly negatively correlated with the rate of weight loss(r=-0.947, P<0.01). Quantitative evaluation of comprehensive quality of rice straw fermentation also showed that the projection value of comprehensive quality of straw fermentation was 2.2644 for A0424, which was much higher than the other two. The application of cryogenic microbial bacteria in fermentation of rice straw in winter has achieved obvious results.
引文
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[2]方志超,刘玉涛,丁为民,等.微生物菌喷施对集沟还田稻麦秸秆的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(23):187-194.
[3]孟德臣,宗宪春,关法春,等.“农牧一体化”生产下的农田植株营养价值及载畜量[J].玉米科学,2018,26(6):63-67.
[4]勾长龙.低温纤维素降解菌的筛选及其复合菌系在牛粪堆肥中的应用研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2014.
[5]张书敏,徐凤花,代欢,等.低温复合菌系对玉米秸秆与牛粪堆肥的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(2):136-140.
[6]谢宇新,徐凤花,王彦伟,等.低温菌株的筛选及对堆肥温度的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,(7):1436-1442.
[7]FU Q,FU H.Applying PPE model based on RAGA in the investment decision making of water saving irrigation project[J].Nature & Science,2003,11(1);72-77.
[8]关法春,贺延国,李景富.RAGA的投影寻踪模型在番茄杂交组合综合评价中的应用[J].东北农业大学学报,2008,39(1):29-33.
[9]韩晓云,姜安玺,何丽蓉.低温菌及其在环境工程中的应用[J].东北林业大学学报,2003,31(2):33-35.
[10]高云航,勾长龙,王雨琼,等.低温复合菌剂对牛粪堆肥发酵影响的研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(12):3166-3170.
[11]ZHU N W.Composting of high moisture content swine manure with corn cobina pilot scale aerated static bin system[J].Bioresource Technology,2006,97:1870-1875.
[12]翟修彩,刘明,李忠佩,等.不同添加剂处理对水稻秸秆腐解效果的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(12):2412-2419.
[13]马迪,赵兰坡.禽畜粪便堆肥化过程中碳氮比的变化研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26( 14) :193-197.
[14]李文学,李力,李俊,等.小麦秸秆高效腐解菌复合系WSS-1的选育及其菌群分析[J].生态学报,2010,30(3):759-764.
[15]金虎范.林分密度对华北落叶松人工林凋落物分解影响的研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010.
[16]邓长春.季节性雪被对高山林线交错带凋落叶分解的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2015.