同步脱氮除磷技术研究进展
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摘要
为避免造成水体富营养化,污水排放前必须进行脱氮除磷处理。与传统技术相比,新型同步脱氮除磷技术具有能耗低、占地小等特点,是污水处理领域中新的工程应用方向。介绍了生物法、物理化学法、生物电化学法和生物诱导矿化法4类同步脱氮除磷技术的原理、特点及影响因素。其中,生物诱导矿化法作为新型的生物-矿物结晶耦合处理技术,在降低运行成本和磷资源回收方面具有较大的优势,成为污水脱氮除磷领域的研究热点。
To avoid the eutrophication of the water bodies,nitrogen and phosphorus removal must be carried out before the sewage is discharged. Compared with the traditional removal technologies,the new simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal technologies have the characteristics of low energy consumption and small footprint,leading to a new engineering application direction in the field of sewage treatment. This peper introduces the principles,characteristics and influencing factors of four types of simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal technologies,including biological method,physical chemical method,bioelectrochemical method and biological induced mineralization method. As a new bio-mineral crystal coupling treatment technology,bio-induced mineralization method has great advantages in reducing operating cost and recovering phosphorus resource,and thus becomes a research hotspot in the field of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in wastewater.
To avoid the eutrophication of the water bodies,nitrogen and phosphorus removal must be carried out before the sewage is discharged. Compared with the traditional removal technologies,the new simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal technologies have the characteristics of low energy consumption and small footprint,leading to a new engineering application direction in the field of sewage treatment. This peper introduces the principles,characteristics and influencing factors of four types of simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal technologies,including biological method,physical chemical method,bioelectrochemical method and biological induced mineralization method. As a new bio-mineral crystal coupling treatment technology,bio-induced mineralization method has great advantages in reducing operating cost and recovering phosphorus resource,and thus becomes a research hotspot in the field of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in wastewater.
引文
[1] Zhang Zhengan,Pan Shulin,Huang Feng,et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal by activated sludge process:A review[J]. Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry,2017,14(2):99-106.
[2] Rashed E M,El-Shafei M M,Heikal M A,et al. Application of contact stabilization activated sludge for enhancing biological phosphorus removal(EBPR)in domestic wastewater[J]. HBRC Journal,2014,10(1):92-99.
[3]邵辉煌，张韵，方先金，等.城镇污水处理厂强化生物脱氮试验研究[J].给水排水，2010,36(4):23-27.
[4] Wang Xiaoxia,Wang Shuying,Xue Tonglai,et al. Treating low carbon/nitrogen(C/N)wastewater in simultaneous nitrification-endogenous denitrification and phosphorous removal(SNDPR)systems by strengthening anaerobic intracellular carbon storage[J]. Water Research,2015,77:191-200.
[5]王建龙，张子健，吴伟伟.好氧颗粒污泥的研究进展[J].环境科学学报，2009,29(3):449-473.
[6]彭永臻，吴蕾，马勇，等.好氧颗粒污泥的形成机制、特性及应用研究进展[J].环境科学，2010,31(2):273-281.
[7] He Qiulai,Zhang Wei,Zhang Shilu,et al. Enhanced nitrogen removal in an aerobic granular sequencing batch reactor performing simultaneous nitrification,endogenous denitrification and phosphorus removal with low superficial gas velocity[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,326:1223-1231.
[8] Isanta E,Suárez-Ojeda M E,Val del Río A,et al. Long term operation of a granular sequencing batch reactor at pilot scale treating a low-strength wastewater[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,198/199(4):163-170.
[9]唐朝春，简美鹏，刘名，等.强化好氧颗粒污泥稳定性的研究进展[J].化工进展，2013,32(4):919-924.
[10] Adav S S,Lee D J,Lai J Y. Effects of aeration intensity on formation of phenol-fed aerobic granules and extracellular polymeric substances[J]. Applied Microbiology&Biotechnology,2007,77(1):175-182.
[11]唐佳玙.城镇污水MBBR强化脱氮除磷中试研究[D].杭州：浙江大学，2012.
[12]吴韩，汤兵.移动床生物膜反应器脱氮除磷研究进展[J].广东化工，2011,38(4):33-34.
[13]林大全.论膜生物反应器（MBR）和移动床生物膜（MBBR）的工艺特点及应用[J].科技创新导报，2009(27):201-202.
[14]王金龙.投加悬浮填料强化A2/O工艺脱氮除磷中试[J].中国给水排水，2016(19):16-20.
[15] Khanh D,Quan L,Zhang W,et al. Effect of temperature on lowstrength wastewater treatment by UASB reactor using poly(vinyl alcohol)-gel carrier[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(24):11147-11154.
[16] James G O,Hocart C H,Hillier W,et al. Temperature modulation of fatty acid profiles for biofuel production in nitrogen deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,127(1):441-447.
[17] Cai Ting,Park S Y,Li Yebo. Nutrient recovery from wastewater streams by microalgae:Status and prospects[J]. Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2013,19(1):360-369.
[18] Goncιalves A L,Pires J C M,Simo~es M. The effects of light and temperature on microalgal growth and nutrient removal:An experimental and mathematical approach[J]. RSC Advances,2016,6(27):22896-22907.
[19] Li Yecong,Zhou Wenguang,Hu Bing,et al. Integration of algae cultivation as biodiesel production feedstock with municipal wastewater treatment:Strains screening and significance evaluation of environmental factors[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(23):10861-10867.
[20] Ramanan R,Kim B H,Cho D H,et al. Algae-bacteria interactions:Evolution,ecology and emerging applications[J]. Biotechnology Advances,2016,34(1):14-29.
[21]王高学，姚嘉赟，王绥标.复合藻-菌系统水质净化模型建立与净化养殖水体水质的研究[J].西北农业学报，2006,15(2):22-27.
[22] Venkata Mohan S,Rohit M V,Chiranjeevi P,et al. Heterotrophic microalgae cultivation to synergize biodiesel production with waste remediation:Progress and perspectives[J]. Bioresource Technology,2015,184:169-178.
[23] Zhou Kun,Wu Boran,Su Lianghu,et al. Development of nano-CaO2-coated clinoptilolite for enhanced phosphorus adsorption and simultaneous removal of COD and nitrogen from sewage[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,328:35-43.
[24]骆其金，谌建宇，庞志华，等.同步脱氮除磷吸附剂的制备工艺及性能表征[J].环境科学与技术，2013(7):112-116.
[25]李雪璞.污水厂尾水吸附法同步脱氨除磷工艺研究[D].北京：北京林业大学，2016.
[26]陆岩，刘艳磊，姜恒，等.氧化镧对磷酸根的吸附及其机理研究[J].化工科技，2014, 22(1):45-48.
[27]王崇臣，郝晓地，王鹏，等.不同pH下鸟粪石（MAP）法目标产物的分析与表征[J].环境化学，2010,29(4):759-763.
[28] Song Yonghui,Yuan Peng,Zheng Binghui,et al. Nutrients removal and recovery by crystallization of magnesium ammonium phosphate from synthetic swine wastewater[J]. Chemosphere,2007,69(2):319-324.
[29]徐远，蒋京东，马三剑，等.鸟粪石结晶沉淀法处理氨氮废水的应用研究[J].污染防治技术，2006(6):26-30.
[30] Yu Yang,Lei Zhongfang,Yuan Tian,et al. Simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen recovery from anaerobically digested sludge using a hybrid system coupling hydrothermal pretreatment with MAP precipitation[J]. Bioresource Technology,2017,243:634-640.
[31]孙国平.磷酸铵镁结晶法去除和回收猪场废水中氮磷[D].郑州：郑州大学，2010.
[32] Kelly P T,Zhen H. Nutrients removal and recovery in bioelectrochemical systems:A review[J]. Bioresource Technology,2014,153(2):351-360.
[33] Cordruwisch R,Law Y,Cheng K Y. Ammonium as a sustainable proton shuttle in bioelectrochemical systems[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(20):9691-9696.
[34] Haddadi S,Elbeshbishy E,Lee H S. Implication of diffusion and significance of anodic pH in nitrogen-recovering microbial electrochemical cells[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,142(4):562-569.
[35] Madigan M T,Martinko J M,Stahl D,et al. Brock biology of microorganisms[M]. 13th ed. Benjamin Cummings,San Francisco,California,USA,2010:558-560.
[36] Ichihashi O,Hirooka K. Removal and recovery of phosphorus as struvite from swine wastewater using microbial fuel cell[J]. Bioresource Technology,2012,114(2):303-307.
[37] Angela M,Béatrice B,Mathieu S. Biologically induced phosphorus precipitation in aerobic granular sludge process[J]. Water Research,2011,45(12):3776-3786.
[38] Ma~nas A,Pocquet M,Biscans B,et al. Parameters influencing calcium phosphate precipitation in granular sludge sequencing batch reactor[J]. Chemical Engineering Science,2012,77(1):165-175.
[39]邹海明.反硝化聚磷-诱导结晶磷回收工艺优化及微生物特性研究[D].南京：东南大学，2015.
[40]顾倩，吕锡武，史静，等.诱导结晶对反硝化除磷的强化作用[J].东南大学学报：自然科学版，2013,43(4):819-823.
[41] Kuba T,Loosdrecht M C M V,Heijnen J J. Phosphorus and nitrogen removal with minimal COD requirement by integration of denitrifying dephosphatation and nitrification in a two-sludge system[J]. Water Research,1996,30(7):1702-1710.
[42] Lackner S,Gilbert E M,Vlaeminck S E,et al. Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences:An application survey[J]. Water Research,2014,55(10):292-303.
[43] Winkler M K H,Kleerebezem R,Kuenen J G,et al. Segregation of biomass in cyclic anaerobic/aerobic granular sludge allows the enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria at low temperatures[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2011,45(17):7330-7337.
[44] Ma~nas A,Spérandio M,Decker F,et al. Location and chemical composition of microbially induced phosphorus precipitates in anaerobic and aerobic granular sludge[J]. Environmental Technology,2012,33(19/20/21):2195-2209.
[45] Ma Haiyuan,Zhang Yanlong,Xue Yi,et al. A new process for simultaneous nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery using an anammox expanded bed reactor[J]. Bioresource Technology,2018,267:201-208.
[46] Zhang Yanlong,Ma Haiyuan,Lin Lan,et al. Enhanced simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance by anammox-HAP symbiotic granules in the attached film expanded bed reactor[J].ACS Sustainable Chemistry&Engineering,2018,6(8):10989-10998.
[47] Johansson S,Ruscalleda M,Colprim J. Phosphorus recovery through biologically induced precipitation by partial nitritation-anammox granular biomass[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,327(1):881-888.
[48] Mayer B K,Baker L A,Boyer T H,et al. Total value of phosphorus recovery[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2016,50(13):6606-6620.
[49] Desmidt E,Ghyselbrecht K,Zhang Y,et al. Global phosphorus scarcity and full-scale P-recovery techniques:A review[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science&Technology,2015,45(4):336-384.
[2] Rashed E M,El-Shafei M M,Heikal M A,et al. Application of contact stabilization activated sludge for enhancing biological phosphorus removal(EBPR)in domestic wastewater[J]. HBRC Journal,2014,10(1):92-99.
[3]邵辉煌，张韵，方先金，等.城镇污水处理厂强化生物脱氮试验研究[J].给水排水，2010,36(4):23-27.
[4] Wang Xiaoxia,Wang Shuying,Xue Tonglai,et al. Treating low carbon/nitrogen(C/N)wastewater in simultaneous nitrification-endogenous denitrification and phosphorous removal(SNDPR)systems by strengthening anaerobic intracellular carbon storage[J]. Water Research,2015,77:191-200.
[5]王建龙，张子健，吴伟伟.好氧颗粒污泥的研究进展[J].环境科学学报，2009,29(3):449-473.
[6]彭永臻，吴蕾，马勇，等.好氧颗粒污泥的形成机制、特性及应用研究进展[J].环境科学，2010,31(2):273-281.
[7] He Qiulai,Zhang Wei,Zhang Shilu,et al. Enhanced nitrogen removal in an aerobic granular sequencing batch reactor performing simultaneous nitrification,endogenous denitrification and phosphorus removal with low superficial gas velocity[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,326:1223-1231.
[8] Isanta E,Suárez-Ojeda M E,Val del Río A,et al. Long term operation of a granular sequencing batch reactor at pilot scale treating a low-strength wastewater[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,198/199(4):163-170.
[9]唐朝春，简美鹏，刘名，等.强化好氧颗粒污泥稳定性的研究进展[J].化工进展，2013,32(4):919-924.
[10] Adav S S,Lee D J,Lai J Y. Effects of aeration intensity on formation of phenol-fed aerobic granules and extracellular polymeric substances[J]. Applied Microbiology&Biotechnology,2007,77(1):175-182.
[11]唐佳玙.城镇污水MBBR强化脱氮除磷中试研究[D].杭州：浙江大学，2012.
[12]吴韩，汤兵.移动床生物膜反应器脱氮除磷研究进展[J].广东化工，2011,38(4):33-34.
[13]林大全.论膜生物反应器（MBR）和移动床生物膜（MBBR）的工艺特点及应用[J].科技创新导报，2009(27):201-202.
[14]王金龙.投加悬浮填料强化A2/O工艺脱氮除磷中试[J].中国给水排水，2016(19):16-20.
[15] Khanh D,Quan L,Zhang W,et al. Effect of temperature on lowstrength wastewater treatment by UASB reactor using poly(vinyl alcohol)-gel carrier[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(24):11147-11154.
[16] James G O,Hocart C H,Hillier W,et al. Temperature modulation of fatty acid profiles for biofuel production in nitrogen deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,127(1):441-447.
[17] Cai Ting,Park S Y,Li Yebo. Nutrient recovery from wastewater streams by microalgae:Status and prospects[J]. Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2013,19(1):360-369.
[18] Goncιalves A L,Pires J C M,Simo~es M. The effects of light and temperature on microalgal growth and nutrient removal:An experimental and mathematical approach[J]. RSC Advances,2016,6(27):22896-22907.
[19] Li Yecong,Zhou Wenguang,Hu Bing,et al. Integration of algae cultivation as biodiesel production feedstock with municipal wastewater treatment:Strains screening and significance evaluation of environmental factors[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(23):10861-10867.
[20] Ramanan R,Kim B H,Cho D H,et al. Algae-bacteria interactions:Evolution,ecology and emerging applications[J]. Biotechnology Advances,2016,34(1):14-29.
[21]王高学，姚嘉赟，王绥标.复合藻-菌系统水质净化模型建立与净化养殖水体水质的研究[J].西北农业学报，2006,15(2):22-27.
[22] Venkata Mohan S,Rohit M V,Chiranjeevi P,et al. Heterotrophic microalgae cultivation to synergize biodiesel production with waste remediation:Progress and perspectives[J]. Bioresource Technology,2015,184:169-178.
[23] Zhou Kun,Wu Boran,Su Lianghu,et al. Development of nano-CaO2-coated clinoptilolite for enhanced phosphorus adsorption and simultaneous removal of COD and nitrogen from sewage[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,328:35-43.
[24]骆其金，谌建宇，庞志华，等.同步脱氮除磷吸附剂的制备工艺及性能表征[J].环境科学与技术，2013(7):112-116.
[25]李雪璞.污水厂尾水吸附法同步脱氨除磷工艺研究[D].北京：北京林业大学，2016.
[26]陆岩，刘艳磊，姜恒，等.氧化镧对磷酸根的吸附及其机理研究[J].化工科技，2014, 22(1):45-48.
[27]王崇臣，郝晓地，王鹏，等.不同pH下鸟粪石（MAP）法目标产物的分析与表征[J].环境化学，2010,29(4):759-763.
[28] Song Yonghui,Yuan Peng,Zheng Binghui,et al. Nutrients removal and recovery by crystallization of magnesium ammonium phosphate from synthetic swine wastewater[J]. Chemosphere,2007,69(2):319-324.
[29]徐远，蒋京东，马三剑，等.鸟粪石结晶沉淀法处理氨氮废水的应用研究[J].污染防治技术，2006(6):26-30.
[30] Yu Yang,Lei Zhongfang,Yuan Tian,et al. Simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen recovery from anaerobically digested sludge using a hybrid system coupling hydrothermal pretreatment with MAP precipitation[J]. Bioresource Technology,2017,243:634-640.
[31]孙国平.磷酸铵镁结晶法去除和回收猪场废水中氮磷[D].郑州：郑州大学，2010.
[32] Kelly P T,Zhen H. Nutrients removal and recovery in bioelectrochemical systems:A review[J]. Bioresource Technology,2014,153(2):351-360.
[33] Cordruwisch R,Law Y,Cheng K Y. Ammonium as a sustainable proton shuttle in bioelectrochemical systems[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(20):9691-9696.
[34] Haddadi S,Elbeshbishy E,Lee H S. Implication of diffusion and significance of anodic pH in nitrogen-recovering microbial electrochemical cells[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,142(4):562-569.
[35] Madigan M T,Martinko J M,Stahl D,et al. Brock biology of microorganisms[M]. 13th ed. Benjamin Cummings,San Francisco,California,USA,2010:558-560.
[36] Ichihashi O,Hirooka K. Removal and recovery of phosphorus as struvite from swine wastewater using microbial fuel cell[J]. Bioresource Technology,2012,114(2):303-307.
[37] Angela M,Béatrice B,Mathieu S. Biologically induced phosphorus precipitation in aerobic granular sludge process[J]. Water Research,2011,45(12):3776-3786.
[38] Ma~nas A,Pocquet M,Biscans B,et al. Parameters influencing calcium phosphate precipitation in granular sludge sequencing batch reactor[J]. Chemical Engineering Science,2012,77(1):165-175.
[39]邹海明.反硝化聚磷-诱导结晶磷回收工艺优化及微生物特性研究[D].南京：东南大学，2015.
[40]顾倩，吕锡武，史静，等.诱导结晶对反硝化除磷的强化作用[J].东南大学学报：自然科学版，2013,43(4):819-823.
[41] Kuba T,Loosdrecht M C M V,Heijnen J J. Phosphorus and nitrogen removal with minimal COD requirement by integration of denitrifying dephosphatation and nitrification in a two-sludge system[J]. Water Research,1996,30(7):1702-1710.
[42] Lackner S,Gilbert E M,Vlaeminck S E,et al. Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences:An application survey[J]. Water Research,2014,55(10):292-303.
[43] Winkler M K H,Kleerebezem R,Kuenen J G,et al. Segregation of biomass in cyclic anaerobic/aerobic granular sludge allows the enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria at low temperatures[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2011,45(17):7330-7337.
[44] Ma~nas A,Spérandio M,Decker F,et al. Location and chemical composition of microbially induced phosphorus precipitates in anaerobic and aerobic granular sludge[J]. Environmental Technology,2012,33(19/20/21):2195-2209.
[45] Ma Haiyuan,Zhang Yanlong,Xue Yi,et al. A new process for simultaneous nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery using an anammox expanded bed reactor[J]. Bioresource Technology,2018,267:201-208.
[46] Zhang Yanlong,Ma Haiyuan,Lin Lan,et al. Enhanced simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance by anammox-HAP symbiotic granules in the attached film expanded bed reactor[J].ACS Sustainable Chemistry&Engineering,2018,6(8):10989-10998.
[47] Johansson S,Ruscalleda M,Colprim J. Phosphorus recovery through biologically induced precipitation by partial nitritation-anammox granular biomass[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,327(1):881-888.
[48] Mayer B K,Baker L A,Boyer T H,et al. Total value of phosphorus recovery[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2016,50(13):6606-6620.
[49] Desmidt E,Ghyselbrecht K,Zhang Y,et al. Global phosphorus scarcity and full-scale P-recovery techniques:A review[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science&Technology,2015,45(4):336-384.