紫云英还田配施氮肥对稻田土壤碳库的影响
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摘要
紫云英是南方稻田重要的绿肥作物,研究紫云英还田配施氮肥对土壤有机碳及其活性的影响,有助于优化稻田施肥管理和培肥土壤,为南方稻田农业可持续发展提供理论依据。本研究采用紫云英-水稻周年轮作田间试验,设置冬闲+不施氮(CK)、单种紫云英返田、紫云英+减量施氮、紫云英+常规施氮、紫云英+高量施氮等5个处理,分析紫云英还田配施不等量氮肥对土壤有机碳、土壤微生物量碳、土壤活性有机碳、碳库管理指数等指标的影响。结果表明:与冬闲+不施氮相比,单种紫云英处理的土壤总有机碳含量增加了14%,活性有机碳含量22%;紫云英还田各处理下土壤微生物量碳平均增加了70%,土壤微生物熵平均增幅为58%,土壤碳库管理指数平均增幅为8%;紫云英配施氮肥各处理下土壤总有机碳平均增加了8%,活性有机碳含量平均增加了15%,土壤微生物熵平均增幅为72%。综上所述,与冬闲+不施氮处理相比,单种紫云英能够显著增加土壤总有机碳和活性有机碳含量;紫云英还田后配施氮肥可以显著增加土壤微生物量碳,提高微生物熵值和土壤碳库管理指数,以紫云英还田条件下减施氮和常规施氮两个处理的提升效果较好。
Chinese milk vetch( Astragalus sinicus L.) is an important green manure crop of paddy fields in southern China. Understanding the effects of planting Chinese milk vetch in combination with nitrogen fertilizer application on soil organic carbon is crucial for the optimization of fertilizer application and soil fertility management,which could provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of agriculture in paddy fields. There were five treatments,including no Chinese milk vetch planting in winter + no nitrogen application( CK),planting Chinese milk vetch without nitrogen application,planting Chinese milk vetch with nitrogen-reducing application,planting Chinese milk vetch with conventional-level nitrogen application,and planting Chinese milk vetch with high-level nitrogen application. The results showed that,compared with CK,soil total organic carbon and active organic carbon under the treatment of planting Chinese milk vetch alone increased by 14% and 22% respectively. For the four treatments of planting Chinese milk vetch,soil microbial biomass carbon,soil microbial entropy and carbon pool management index increased by 70%,58%,and 8%,respectively. For the three treatments of planting Chinese milk vetch with varied nitrogen application levels,total organic carbon,active organic carbon,and soil microbial entropy increased by 8%,15%,and 72%,respectively. In summary,as compared with fallow in winter without nitrogen application,single application of Chinese milk vetch could significantly increase soil total organic carbon and active organic carbon content.Planting Chinese milk vetch in combination with nitrogen fertilizer applications could significantly increase soil microbial biomass,microbial entropy,and soil carbon pool management index.Among all the treatments,planting Chinese milk vetch in combination with nitrogen-reducing application and conventional-level nitrogen application had better performance.
Chinese milk vetch( Astragalus sinicus L.) is an important green manure crop of paddy fields in southern China. Understanding the effects of planting Chinese milk vetch in combination with nitrogen fertilizer application on soil organic carbon is crucial for the optimization of fertilizer application and soil fertility management,which could provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of agriculture in paddy fields. There were five treatments,including no Chinese milk vetch planting in winter + no nitrogen application( CK),planting Chinese milk vetch without nitrogen application,planting Chinese milk vetch with nitrogen-reducing application,planting Chinese milk vetch with conventional-level nitrogen application,and planting Chinese milk vetch with high-level nitrogen application. The results showed that,compared with CK,soil total organic carbon and active organic carbon under the treatment of planting Chinese milk vetch alone increased by 14% and 22% respectively. For the four treatments of planting Chinese milk vetch,soil microbial biomass carbon,soil microbial entropy and carbon pool management index increased by 70%,58%,and 8%,respectively. For the three treatments of planting Chinese milk vetch with varied nitrogen application levels,total organic carbon,active organic carbon,and soil microbial entropy increased by 8%,15%,and 72%,respectively. In summary,as compared with fallow in winter without nitrogen application,single application of Chinese milk vetch could significantly increase soil total organic carbon and active organic carbon content.Planting Chinese milk vetch in combination with nitrogen fertilizer applications could significantly increase soil microbial biomass,microbial entropy,and soil carbon pool management index.Among all the treatments,planting Chinese milk vetch in combination with nitrogen-reducing application and conventional-level nitrogen application had better performance.
引文
陈涛,杜丽君,郝晓晖,等.2009.长期施肥对水稻土活性有机碳的影响.土壤通报,40(4):809-814.
陈安磊,王凯荣,谢小立.2005.施肥制度与养分循环对稻田土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷的影响.农业环境科学学报,24(6):1094-1096.
陈尚洪,朱钟麟,刘定辉,等.2008.秸秆还田和免耕对土壤养分及碳库管理指数的影响研究.植物营养与肥料学报,14(4):806-809.
高会议,郭胜利,刘文兆,等.2009.施肥措施对黄土旱塬区小麦产量和土壤有机碳积累的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,15(6):1333-1338.
高菊生,徐明岗,董春华,等.2013.长期稻-稻-绿肥轮作对水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响.作物学报,39(2):343-349.
高嵩涓,曹卫东,白金顺,等.2015.长期冬种绿肥改变红壤稻田土壤微生物生物量特性.土壤学报,52(4):902-910.
何翠翠,王立刚,王迎春,等.2015.长期施肥下黑土活性有机质和碳库管理指数研究.土壤学报,52(1):194-202.
李刚华,薛利红,尤娟,等.2007.水稻氮素和叶绿素SPAD叶位分布特点及氮素诊断的叶位选择.中国农业科学,40(6):1127-1134.
李江涛,钟晓兰,赵其国.2010.施用畜禽粪便和化肥对土壤活性有机碳库和团聚体稳定性影响.水土保持学报,24(1):233-238.
梁尧,韩晓增,宋春,等.2011.不同有机物料还田对东北黑土活性有机碳的影响.中国农业科学,44(17):3565-3574.
刘春增,常单娜,李本银,等.2017.种植翻压紫云英配施化肥对稻田土壤活性有机碳氮的影响.土壤学报,54(3):657-669.
刘守龙,苏以荣,黄道友,等.2006.微生物商对亚热带地区土地利用及施肥制度的响应.中国农业科学,39(7):1411-1418.
柳敏,宇万太,姜子绍,等.2006.土壤活性有机碳.生态学杂志,25(11):1412-1417.
吕瑞珍,熊瑛,李友军,等.2014.保护性耕作对农田土壤碳库特性的影响.水土保持学报,28(4):206-209,217.
任天志,Grego S.2000.持续农业中的土壤生物指标研.中国农业科学,33(1):68-75.
邵月红,潘剑君,孙波.2005.长期施用有机肥对瘠薄红壤有效碳库及碳库管理指数的影响.土壤通报,36(2):177-180.
沈宏,曹志洪,胡正义.1999.土壤活性有机碳的表征及其生态效应.生态学杂志,18(3):32-38.
涂利华,胡庭兴,张健,等.2010.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区慈竹林土壤活性有机碳库和根生物量的影响.生态学报,30(9):2286-2294.
万水霞,唐杉,蒋光月,等.2016.紫云英与化肥配施对土壤微生物特征和作物产量的影响.草业学报,25(6):109-117.
汪吉东,张永春,俞美香,等.2007.不同有机无机肥配合施用对土壤活性有机质含量及p H值的影响.江苏农业学报,23(6):573-578.
王晶,朱平,张男,等.2003.施肥对黑土活性有机碳和碳库管理指数的影响.土壤通报,34(5):394-397.
吴建富,曾研华,潘晓华,等.2011.机械化稻草全量还田对水稻产量和土壤碳库管理指数的影响.江西农业大学学报,33(5):835-839.
徐明岗,于荣,孙小凤,等.2006.长期施肥对我国典型土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,12(4):459-465.
徐一兰,唐海明,肖小平,等.2016.长期施肥对双季稻田土壤微生物学特性的影响.生态学报,36(18):5847-5855.
颜慧,钟文辉,李忠佩,等.2008.长期施肥对红壤水稻土磷脂脂肪酸特性和酶活性的影响.应用生态学报,19(1):71-75.
杨滨娟,黄国勤,兰延,等.2014.施氮和冬种绿肥对土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响.应用生态学报,25(10):2907-2913.
杨曾平,徐明岗,聂军,等.2011.长期冬种绿肥对双季稻种植下红壤性水稻土质量的影响及其评价.水土保持学报,25(3):92-102.
宇万太,赵鑫,马强,等.2008.长期定位试验下施肥对潮棕壤活性碳库及碳库管理指数的影响.土壤通报,39(3):539-544.
曾骏,郭天文,包兴国,等.2008.长期施肥对土壤有机碳和无机碳的影响.中国土壤与肥料,(2):11-14.
张贵龙,赵建宁,宋晓龙,等.2012.施肥对土壤有机碳含量及碳库管理指数的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,18(2):359-365.
张文锋,袁颖红,周际海,等.2016.长期施肥对红壤性水稻土碳库管理指数和双季水稻产量的影响.生态环境学报,25(4):569-575.
Balota EL,Colozzi-Filho A,Andrade DS,et al.2003.Microbial biomass in soils under different tillage and crop rotation systems.Biology and Fertility of Soils,38:15-20.
Bernard E,Larkin RP,Tavantzis S,et al.2012.Compost,rapeseed rotation,and biocontrol agents significantly impact soil microbial communities in organic and conventional potato production systems.Applied Soil Ecology,52:29-41
Bowles TM,Acosta-Marítnez V,Calderón F,et al.2014.Soil enzyme activities,microbial communities,and carbon and nitrogen availability in organic agroecosystems across an intensively managed agricultural landscape.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,68:252-262.
Brookes PC.1995.The use of microbial parameters in monitoring soil pollution by heavy metals.Biology and Fertility of Soils,19:269-279.
Dalal RC,Mayer RJ.1986.Long-term trends in fertility of soils under continuous cultivation and cereal cropping in southern Queensland.Ⅳ.Loss of organic carbon from different density fractions.Australian Journal of Soil Research,24:301-309.
Friedel JK,Munch JC,Fischer WR.1996.Soil microbial properties and the assessment of available soil organic matter in a haplic luvisol after several years of different cultivation and crop rotation.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,28:479-488.
Haynes RJ.2005.Labile organic matter fractions as central componentsof the quality of agricultural soils:An overview.Advances in Agronomy,85:221-268.
Jordan D,Kremer RJ,Bergfield WA,et al.1995.Evaluation of microbial methods as potential indicators of soil quality in historical agricultural fields.Biology and Fertility of Soils,19:297-302.
Karlen DL,Rosek MJ,Gardner JC,et al.1999.Conservation reserve program effects on soil quality indicators.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,54:439-444.
Omay AB,Rice CW,Maddux LD,et al.1997.Changes in soil microbial and chemical properties under long-term crop rotation and fertilization.Soil Science Society of American Journal,61:1672-1678.
Trasar-Cepeda C,Leiros C,Gil-Sotres F,et al.1997.Towards a biochemical quality index for soils:an expression relating several biological and biochemical properties.Biology and Fertility of Soils,26:100-106.
Ye XF,Liu HE,Li Z,et al.2014.Effects of green manure continuous application on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity.Journal of Plant Nutrition,37:498-508.
Zhang XX,Gao JS,Gao YH,et al.2013.Long-term rice and green manure rotation alters the endophytic bacterial communities of the rice root.Microbial Ecology,66:917-926.
陈安磊,王凯荣,谢小立.2005.施肥制度与养分循环对稻田土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷的影响.农业环境科学学报,24(6):1094-1096.
陈尚洪,朱钟麟,刘定辉,等.2008.秸秆还田和免耕对土壤养分及碳库管理指数的影响研究.植物营养与肥料学报,14(4):806-809.
高会议,郭胜利,刘文兆,等.2009.施肥措施对黄土旱塬区小麦产量和土壤有机碳积累的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,15(6):1333-1338.
高菊生,徐明岗,董春华,等.2013.长期稻-稻-绿肥轮作对水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响.作物学报,39(2):343-349.
高嵩涓,曹卫东,白金顺,等.2015.长期冬种绿肥改变红壤稻田土壤微生物生物量特性.土壤学报,52(4):902-910.
何翠翠,王立刚,王迎春,等.2015.长期施肥下黑土活性有机质和碳库管理指数研究.土壤学报,52(1):194-202.
李刚华,薛利红,尤娟,等.2007.水稻氮素和叶绿素SPAD叶位分布特点及氮素诊断的叶位选择.中国农业科学,40(6):1127-1134.
李江涛,钟晓兰,赵其国.2010.施用畜禽粪便和化肥对土壤活性有机碳库和团聚体稳定性影响.水土保持学报,24(1):233-238.
梁尧,韩晓增,宋春,等.2011.不同有机物料还田对东北黑土活性有机碳的影响.中国农业科学,44(17):3565-3574.
刘春增,常单娜,李本银,等.2017.种植翻压紫云英配施化肥对稻田土壤活性有机碳氮的影响.土壤学报,54(3):657-669.
刘守龙,苏以荣,黄道友,等.2006.微生物商对亚热带地区土地利用及施肥制度的响应.中国农业科学,39(7):1411-1418.
柳敏,宇万太,姜子绍,等.2006.土壤活性有机碳.生态学杂志,25(11):1412-1417.
吕瑞珍,熊瑛,李友军,等.2014.保护性耕作对农田土壤碳库特性的影响.水土保持学报,28(4):206-209,217.
任天志,Grego S.2000.持续农业中的土壤生物指标研.中国农业科学,33(1):68-75.
邵月红,潘剑君,孙波.2005.长期施用有机肥对瘠薄红壤有效碳库及碳库管理指数的影响.土壤通报,36(2):177-180.
沈宏,曹志洪,胡正义.1999.土壤活性有机碳的表征及其生态效应.生态学杂志,18(3):32-38.
涂利华,胡庭兴,张健,等.2010.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区慈竹林土壤活性有机碳库和根生物量的影响.生态学报,30(9):2286-2294.
万水霞,唐杉,蒋光月,等.2016.紫云英与化肥配施对土壤微生物特征和作物产量的影响.草业学报,25(6):109-117.
汪吉东,张永春,俞美香,等.2007.不同有机无机肥配合施用对土壤活性有机质含量及p H值的影响.江苏农业学报,23(6):573-578.
王晶,朱平,张男,等.2003.施肥对黑土活性有机碳和碳库管理指数的影响.土壤通报,34(5):394-397.
吴建富,曾研华,潘晓华,等.2011.机械化稻草全量还田对水稻产量和土壤碳库管理指数的影响.江西农业大学学报,33(5):835-839.
徐明岗,于荣,孙小凤,等.2006.长期施肥对我国典型土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,12(4):459-465.
徐一兰,唐海明,肖小平,等.2016.长期施肥对双季稻田土壤微生物学特性的影响.生态学报,36(18):5847-5855.
颜慧,钟文辉,李忠佩,等.2008.长期施肥对红壤水稻土磷脂脂肪酸特性和酶活性的影响.应用生态学报,19(1):71-75.
杨滨娟,黄国勤,兰延,等.2014.施氮和冬种绿肥对土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响.应用生态学报,25(10):2907-2913.
杨曾平,徐明岗,聂军,等.2011.长期冬种绿肥对双季稻种植下红壤性水稻土质量的影响及其评价.水土保持学报,25(3):92-102.
宇万太,赵鑫,马强,等.2008.长期定位试验下施肥对潮棕壤活性碳库及碳库管理指数的影响.土壤通报,39(3):539-544.
曾骏,郭天文,包兴国,等.2008.长期施肥对土壤有机碳和无机碳的影响.中国土壤与肥料,(2):11-14.
张贵龙,赵建宁,宋晓龙,等.2012.施肥对土壤有机碳含量及碳库管理指数的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,18(2):359-365.
张文锋,袁颖红,周际海,等.2016.长期施肥对红壤性水稻土碳库管理指数和双季水稻产量的影响.生态环境学报,25(4):569-575.
Balota EL,Colozzi-Filho A,Andrade DS,et al.2003.Microbial biomass in soils under different tillage and crop rotation systems.Biology and Fertility of Soils,38:15-20.
Bernard E,Larkin RP,Tavantzis S,et al.2012.Compost,rapeseed rotation,and biocontrol agents significantly impact soil microbial communities in organic and conventional potato production systems.Applied Soil Ecology,52:29-41
Bowles TM,Acosta-Marítnez V,Calderón F,et al.2014.Soil enzyme activities,microbial communities,and carbon and nitrogen availability in organic agroecosystems across an intensively managed agricultural landscape.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,68:252-262.
Brookes PC.1995.The use of microbial parameters in monitoring soil pollution by heavy metals.Biology and Fertility of Soils,19:269-279.
Dalal RC,Mayer RJ.1986.Long-term trends in fertility of soils under continuous cultivation and cereal cropping in southern Queensland.Ⅳ.Loss of organic carbon from different density fractions.Australian Journal of Soil Research,24:301-309.
Friedel JK,Munch JC,Fischer WR.1996.Soil microbial properties and the assessment of available soil organic matter in a haplic luvisol after several years of different cultivation and crop rotation.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,28:479-488.
Haynes RJ.2005.Labile organic matter fractions as central componentsof the quality of agricultural soils:An overview.Advances in Agronomy,85:221-268.
Jordan D,Kremer RJ,Bergfield WA,et al.1995.Evaluation of microbial methods as potential indicators of soil quality in historical agricultural fields.Biology and Fertility of Soils,19:297-302.
Karlen DL,Rosek MJ,Gardner JC,et al.1999.Conservation reserve program effects on soil quality indicators.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,54:439-444.
Omay AB,Rice CW,Maddux LD,et al.1997.Changes in soil microbial and chemical properties under long-term crop rotation and fertilization.Soil Science Society of American Journal,61:1672-1678.
Trasar-Cepeda C,Leiros C,Gil-Sotres F,et al.1997.Towards a biochemical quality index for soils:an expression relating several biological and biochemical properties.Biology and Fertility of Soils,26:100-106.
Ye XF,Liu HE,Li Z,et al.2014.Effects of green manure continuous application on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity.Journal of Plant Nutrition,37:498-508.
Zhang XX,Gao JS,Gao YH,et al.2013.Long-term rice and green manure rotation alters the endophytic bacterial communities of the rice root.Microbial Ecology,66:917-926.