中药废弃物的能源化利用策略
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摘要
生物质能具有可再生、资源丰富、碳中性、环境友好等优点,将典型生物质的中药废弃物高附加值转化为能源,循环应用于工业生产,既可实现废弃物的处理转化,又能达到取代化石燃料、节能降耗、增加企业利润的目的。分析中药废弃物能源化的利用策略(直接燃烧、发酵制沼气和乙醇、热解气化等),为后续深入探索和开发中药废弃物的能源高值化利用模式及拓展资源的利用途径和层次提供参考。
The biomass energy has been recognized as a clean fuel due to its advantages of regeneration, rich resource, carbon neutral, and environmental benignity. Meanwhile, the Chinese materia medica(CMM) residue is a typical biomass. Therefore, the CMM residue converted into energy and recycled for industrial production has been recognized as a higher-value utilization mode. Obviously, this model can not only realize disposal and transformation of residues, but also replace fossil fuels to reduce consumption and increase enterprise profits. The energy utilization strategies of herb residue have been reviewed based on all kinds of strategies such as direct combustion, fermentation for biogas and ethanol, pyrolysis. This paper can provide a reference for further exploiting and developing of higher-value energy utilization mode of herb residue and expanding of resource utilization approaches and levels.
The biomass energy has been recognized as a clean fuel due to its advantages of regeneration, rich resource, carbon neutral, and environmental benignity. Meanwhile, the Chinese materia medica(CMM) residue is a typical biomass. Therefore, the CMM residue converted into energy and recycled for industrial production has been recognized as a higher-value utilization mode. Obviously, this model can not only realize disposal and transformation of residues, but also replace fossil fuels to reduce consumption and increase enterprise profits. The energy utilization strategies of herb residue have been reviewed based on all kinds of strategies such as direct combustion, fermentation for biogas and ethanol, pyrolysis. This paper can provide a reference for further exploiting and developing of higher-value energy utilization mode of herb residue and expanding of resource utilization approaches and levels.
引文
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[23]庄修政,詹昊,黄艳琴,等.两类药渣的水热提质效果及其燃烧特性研究[J].燃烧化学学报,2018,46(8):940-949.
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[25]习彦花,张丽萍,崔冠慧,等.中药渣不同有机负荷厌氧发酵工艺参数分析[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(4):2433-2438.
[26]张云飞,陈璐,郭旭晶,等.中药渣微生物强化预处理效果及产气潜力[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(11):4925-4930.
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[29]Yu Q,Zhang A,Wang W,et al.Deep eutectic solvents from hemicellulose-derived acids for the cellulosic ethanol refining of Akebia herbal residues[J].Bioresource Technol,2018,247:705-710.
[30]Nguyen C M,Nguyen T N,Choi G J,et al.Acid hydrolysis of curcuma longa residue for ethanol and lactic acid fermentation[J].Bioresource Technol,2014,151:227-235.
[31]Ranzi E,Debiagi P E A,Frassoldati A.Mathematical modeling of fast biomass pyrolysis and bio-oil formation.Note I:Kinetic mechanism of biomass pyrolysis[J].ACSSustain Chem Eng,2017,5:2867-2881.
[32]Grewal A,Abbey L,Gunupuru L R.Production,prospects and potential application of pyroligneous acid in agriculture[J].J Anal Appl Pyrol,2018,135:152-159.
[33]宋艳艳,庞珊娇,周晓英.炭化温度对祖卡木颗粒药渣生物炭特性的影响[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2018,25(10):84-87.
[34]程扬,沈启斌,刘子丹,等.两种生物炭的制备及其对水溶液中四环素去除的影响因素[J].环境科学,2019,40(3):1328-1336.
[35]Shang J G,Pi J C,Zong M Z,et al.Chromium removal using magnetic biochar derived from herb-residue[J].J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng,2016,68:289-294.
[36]Shang J G,Zong M Z,Yu Y,et al.Removal of chromium(VI)from water using nanoscale zerovalent iron particles supported on herb-residue biochar[J].J Envir Managt,2017,197:331-337.
[37]Ma C H,Song K G,Yu J H,et al.Pyrolysis process and antioxidant activity of pyroligneous acid from Rosmarinus officinalis leaves[J].J Anal Appl Pyrol,2013,104:38-47.
[38]肖水水,董秀萍,李江阔,等.不同精制程度枣核木醋液挥发性成分分析[J].食品工业,2016,37(6):264-268.
[39]Li T T,Guo F Q,Li X L,et al.Characterization of herb residue and high ash-containing paper sludge blends from bed pyrolysis[J].Waste Manag,2018,76:544-554.
[40]Xu A Z,Zhou W H,Zhang X D,et al.Gas production by catalytic pyrolysis of herb residues using Ni/Ca O catalysts[J].J Anal Appl Pyrol,2018,130:216-223.
[41]Zhang B,Zhang J.Influence of reaction atmosphere(N2,CO,CO2,and H2)on ZSM-5 catalyzed microwave-induced fast pyrolysis of medicinal herb residue for biofuel production[J].Energy Fuels,2017,31:9627-9632.
[42]Kwon E E,Kim Y T,Kim H J,et al.Production of high-octane gasoline via hydrodeoxygenation of sorbitol over palladium-based bimetallic catalysts[J].J EnvirManag,2018,227:329-334.
[43]Martín M,Grossmann I E.Towards zero CO2 emissions in the production of methanol from switchgrass.CO2 to methanol[J].Comp Chem Eng,2017,105:308-316.
[44]Zhan H,Li Y X,Qin H Y,et al.Characteristics of NOxprecursors and their formation mechanism during pyrolysis of herb residues[J].J Fuel Chem Technol,2017,45(3):279-288.
[45]Guan H B,Fan X X,Zhao B F,et al.An experimental investigation on biogases production from Chinese herb residues based on dual circulating fluidized bed[J].Int JHydrogen Energy,2018,43:12618-12626.
[46]Zeng X,Shao R Y,Wang F,et al.Industrial demonstration plant for the gasification of herb residue by fluidized bed two-stage process[J].Bioresource Technol,2016,206:93-98.
[47]Zhan H,Yin X,Huang Y Q,et al.Comparisons of formation characteristics of NOx precursors during pyrolysis of lignocellulosic industrial biomass wastes[J].Energy Fuels,2017,31:9557-9567.
[48]Ding W J,Zhang X D,Zhao B F,et al.TG-FTIR and thermodynamic analysis of the herb residue pyrolysis with insitu CO2 capture using Ca O catalyst[J].J Anal Appl Pyrol,2018,134:389-394.
[49]江曙,刘培,段金廒,等.基于微生物转化的中药废弃物利用价值提升策略探讨[J].世界科学技术—中医药现代化,2014,16(6):1210-1216.
[2]Dhyani V,Bhaskar T.A comprehensive review on the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass[J].Renew Energy,2018,129:695-716.
[3]穆献中,余漱石,徐鹏.农村生物质能源化利用研究综述[J].现代化工,2018,38(3):9-15.
[4]贾苹,孙玉玲,石昕.生物质转化与利用产业资讯报告[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2018.
[5]Pang S S.Advances in thermochemical conversion of woody biomass to energy,fuels and chemicals[J].Biotechnol Adv,doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.004.
[6]Wang S,Dai G,Yang H,et al.Lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis mechanism:A state-of-the-art review[J].Prog Energy Combust Sci,2017,62:33-86.
[7]Sikarwar V S,Zhao M,Fennell P S,et al.Progress in biofuel production from gasification[J].Prog EnergyCombust Sci,2017,61:189-248.
[8]Liu Q M,Chmely S C,Abdoulmoumine N.Biomass treatment strategies for thermochemical conversion[J].Energy Fuels,2017,31:3525-3536.
[9]陈曦,韩志群,孔繁华,等.生物质能源的开发和利用[J].化学进展,2007,19(7/8):1091-1097.
[10]普罗.生物质能源产业发展现状与展望[J].绿色科技,2018(10):172-179.
[11]Knápek J,Králík T,ValentováM,et al.Effectiveness of biomass for energy purposes:A fuel cycle approach[J].WIREs Energy Envirt,2015,4:575-586.
[12]Sheldon R A.Green chemistry,catalysis and valorization of waste biomass[J].J Mol Catal A:Chem,2016,422:3-12.
[13]杨冰,丁斐,李伟东,等.中药渣综合利用研究进展及生态化综合利用模式[J].中草药,2017,48(2):377-383.
[14]李洁,申俊龙,段金廒.中药资源产业副产品循环利用模式研究[J].中草药,2019,50(1):1-7.
[15]段金廒,宿树兰,郭盛,等.中药资源化学研究与资源循环利用途径及目标任务[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(17):3395-3401.
[16]段金廒,张伯礼,宿树兰,等.基于循环经济理论的中药资源循环利用策略与模式探讨[J].中草药,2015,46(12):1715-1722.
[17]朱华旭,段金廒,郭立玮,等.基于膜科学技术额度中药废弃物资源化原理及其应用实践[J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(9):1728-1732.
[18]段金廒,宿树兰,郭盛,等.中药资源产业化过程废弃物的产生极其利用策略与资源化模式[J].中草药,2013,44(20):2787-2797.
[19]李峰,王娜,张师愚,等.中药药渣的综合利用及其研究进展[J].中国医药工业杂志,2016,47(10):1322-1326.
[20]段金廒.中药废弃物资源化利用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2013.
[21]张晓虹,王勤.某制药企业药渣洁净焚烧资源化处置的研究[J].杭州化工,2014,44(2):28-30.
[22]王勤,张晓虹.流化床药渣焚烧系统主要设备设计及运行[J].通用机械,2015(5):35-38.
[23]庄修政,詹昊,黄艳琴,等.两类药渣的水热提质效果及其燃烧特性研究[J].燃烧化学学报,2018,46(8):940-949.
[24]姚利,王艳芹,边文范,等.中药药渣预处理厌氧发酵产沼气初步研究[J].可再生能源,2013,31(11):89-93.
[25]习彦花,张丽萍,崔冠慧,等.中药渣不同有机负荷厌氧发酵工艺参数分析[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(4):2433-2438.
[26]张云飞,陈璐,郭旭晶,等.中药渣微生物强化预处理效果及产气潜力[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(11):4925-4930.
[27]Dalena F,Senatore A,Iulianelli A,et al.Ethanol from biomass:Future and perspectives[A]//Basile A,Iulianelli A,Dalena F,et al.Ethanol:Science and Engineering[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Inc.,2019.
[28]张英,郑清炼,周裕权,等.融合菌株转化黄芪药渣生产乙醇的工艺[J].中成药,2016,38(6):1421-1424.
[29]Yu Q,Zhang A,Wang W,et al.Deep eutectic solvents from hemicellulose-derived acids for the cellulosic ethanol refining of Akebia herbal residues[J].Bioresource Technol,2018,247:705-710.
[30]Nguyen C M,Nguyen T N,Choi G J,et al.Acid hydrolysis of curcuma longa residue for ethanol and lactic acid fermentation[J].Bioresource Technol,2014,151:227-235.
[31]Ranzi E,Debiagi P E A,Frassoldati A.Mathematical modeling of fast biomass pyrolysis and bio-oil formation.Note I:Kinetic mechanism of biomass pyrolysis[J].ACSSustain Chem Eng,2017,5:2867-2881.
[32]Grewal A,Abbey L,Gunupuru L R.Production,prospects and potential application of pyroligneous acid in agriculture[J].J Anal Appl Pyrol,2018,135:152-159.
[33]宋艳艳,庞珊娇,周晓英.炭化温度对祖卡木颗粒药渣生物炭特性的影响[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2018,25(10):84-87.
[34]程扬,沈启斌,刘子丹,等.两种生物炭的制备及其对水溶液中四环素去除的影响因素[J].环境科学,2019,40(3):1328-1336.
[35]Shang J G,Pi J C,Zong M Z,et al.Chromium removal using magnetic biochar derived from herb-residue[J].J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng,2016,68:289-294.
[36]Shang J G,Zong M Z,Yu Y,et al.Removal of chromium(VI)from water using nanoscale zerovalent iron particles supported on herb-residue biochar[J].J Envir Managt,2017,197:331-337.
[37]Ma C H,Song K G,Yu J H,et al.Pyrolysis process and antioxidant activity of pyroligneous acid from Rosmarinus officinalis leaves[J].J Anal Appl Pyrol,2013,104:38-47.
[38]肖水水,董秀萍,李江阔,等.不同精制程度枣核木醋液挥发性成分分析[J].食品工业,2016,37(6):264-268.
[39]Li T T,Guo F Q,Li X L,et al.Characterization of herb residue and high ash-containing paper sludge blends from bed pyrolysis[J].Waste Manag,2018,76:544-554.
[40]Xu A Z,Zhou W H,Zhang X D,et al.Gas production by catalytic pyrolysis of herb residues using Ni/Ca O catalysts[J].J Anal Appl Pyrol,2018,130:216-223.
[41]Zhang B,Zhang J.Influence of reaction atmosphere(N2,CO,CO2,and H2)on ZSM-5 catalyzed microwave-induced fast pyrolysis of medicinal herb residue for biofuel production[J].Energy Fuels,2017,31:9627-9632.
[42]Kwon E E,Kim Y T,Kim H J,et al.Production of high-octane gasoline via hydrodeoxygenation of sorbitol over palladium-based bimetallic catalysts[J].J EnvirManag,2018,227:329-334.
[43]Martín M,Grossmann I E.Towards zero CO2 emissions in the production of methanol from switchgrass.CO2 to methanol[J].Comp Chem Eng,2017,105:308-316.
[44]Zhan H,Li Y X,Qin H Y,et al.Characteristics of NOxprecursors and their formation mechanism during pyrolysis of herb residues[J].J Fuel Chem Technol,2017,45(3):279-288.
[45]Guan H B,Fan X X,Zhao B F,et al.An experimental investigation on biogases production from Chinese herb residues based on dual circulating fluidized bed[J].Int JHydrogen Energy,2018,43:12618-12626.
[46]Zeng X,Shao R Y,Wang F,et al.Industrial demonstration plant for the gasification of herb residue by fluidized bed two-stage process[J].Bioresource Technol,2016,206:93-98.
[47]Zhan H,Yin X,Huang Y Q,et al.Comparisons of formation characteristics of NOx precursors during pyrolysis of lignocellulosic industrial biomass wastes[J].Energy Fuels,2017,31:9557-9567.
[48]Ding W J,Zhang X D,Zhao B F,et al.TG-FTIR and thermodynamic analysis of the herb residue pyrolysis with insitu CO2 capture using Ca O catalyst[J].J Anal Appl Pyrol,2018,134:389-394.
[49]江曙,刘培,段金廒,等.基于微生物转化的中药废弃物利用价值提升策略探讨[J].世界科学技术—中医药现代化,2014,16(6):1210-1216.