牛蒡根酶解物对番茄生长、品质及土壤生物特性的影响
|
摘要
为明确将牛蒡根酶解物用作水溶性有机肥的可行性及其肥效,采用叶面喷施和灌根施肥两种方式,研究了其对番茄生长、品质及土壤生物特性的影响。结果表明,与空白对照相比,叶面喷施和灌施牛蒡根酶解物均可显著提高番茄的株高和茎粗,叶片抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等抗氧化酶的活力提高,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低;番茄中可溶性糖、维生素C和番茄红素含量提高,有机酸含量降低;根际土壤中细菌和放线菌数量增加,过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶等酶活力显著提高。牛蒡根酶解物的肥效与其施用浓度有关,与低浓度牛蒡根酶解物叶面喷施和灌根施肥相比,高浓度牛蒡根酶解物叶面喷施和灌根施肥处理的株高增长量分别提高了17.06%和6.20%,茎粗增长量分别提高了12.20%和7.91%,叶片MDA含量分别降低了17.75%和17.79%,APX、CAT、POD、SOD等叶片抗氧化酶活力和过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶等土壤酶活力提高,根际土壤中细菌和放线菌数量增加,番茄品质提高。牛蒡根酶解物水溶性好,且具有普通有机肥的肥效特征,是一种优质的水溶性有机肥料。综合利用牛蒡根废弃物制备水溶性有机肥对解决因其废弃堆积而造成的环境污染问题具有重要意义。
In order to determine the fertilizer efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysate from burdock root and its feasibility as water-soluble organic fertilizer, the effects of enzymatic hydrolysate of burdock root on the growth and quality of tomato and soil biological characteristics were studied by foliar spraying and root irrigation. The results showed that enzymatic hydrolysate from burdock root significantly increased the plant height and stem diameter, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase(APX), catalase(CAT), peroxidase(POD) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in leaves, and decreased the content of malondialdehyde(MDA), when compared with control treatment. The contents of soluble sugar, vitamin C and lycopene were increased, but the content of organic acid was decreased in tomato. The amounts of bacteria and actinomycetes, and the activities of CAT, phosphatase, urease and invertase were increased in the rhizosphere soil. The fertilizer efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysate from burdock root was related to its application concentration. Compared with the low concentration of enzymatic hydrolysate, the foliar spraying and root irrigation with high concentration of enzymatic hydrolysate increased the plant height by 17.06% and6.20%, increased the stem diameter by 12.20% and 7.91%, and decreased the leaf MDA content by 17.75% and17.79%, respectively. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including APX, CAT, POD and SOD, were increased, and the activities of CAT, phosphatase, urease and invertase were enhanced. The bacteria and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil increased, and the quality of tomato was improved. Enzymatic hydrolysate from burdock root is a kind of high quality water-soluble organic fertilizer with good water solubility and the characteristics of ordinary organic fertilizer. Comprehensive utilization of burdock root waste to produce water-soluble organic fertilizer is of great significance to solve environmental pollution caused by waste accumulation.
In order to determine the fertilizer efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysate from burdock root and its feasibility as water-soluble organic fertilizer, the effects of enzymatic hydrolysate of burdock root on the growth and quality of tomato and soil biological characteristics were studied by foliar spraying and root irrigation. The results showed that enzymatic hydrolysate from burdock root significantly increased the plant height and stem diameter, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase(APX), catalase(CAT), peroxidase(POD) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in leaves, and decreased the content of malondialdehyde(MDA), when compared with control treatment. The contents of soluble sugar, vitamin C and lycopene were increased, but the content of organic acid was decreased in tomato. The amounts of bacteria and actinomycetes, and the activities of CAT, phosphatase, urease and invertase were increased in the rhizosphere soil. The fertilizer efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysate from burdock root was related to its application concentration. Compared with the low concentration of enzymatic hydrolysate, the foliar spraying and root irrigation with high concentration of enzymatic hydrolysate increased the plant height by 17.06% and6.20%, increased the stem diameter by 12.20% and 7.91%, and decreased the leaf MDA content by 17.75% and17.79%, respectively. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including APX, CAT, POD and SOD, were increased, and the activities of CAT, phosphatase, urease and invertase were enhanced. The bacteria and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil increased, and the quality of tomato was improved. Enzymatic hydrolysate from burdock root is a kind of high quality water-soluble organic fertilizer with good water solubility and the characteristics of ordinary organic fertilizer. Comprehensive utilization of burdock root waste to produce water-soluble organic fertilizer is of great significance to solve environmental pollution caused by waste accumulation.
引文
[1] S K SINHA, VIPIN KUMAR, C K JHA. Effect of integrated use of bio-compost and nitrogen on productivity and soil properties of sugarcane plant-ratoon system in calcareous soil[J]. Sugar Tech, 2017,19(5):485-491.
[2]冯先明,王保明,彭全,等.我国水溶肥的发展概况与建议[J].现代化工, 2018, 38(1):6-11.
[3]周芳芳,钱正强,赵剑华,等.不同种类液态有机肥对土壤理化性状及烟叶品质影响[J].贵州农业科学, 2016, 44(5):36-42.
[4]呼生春,张永飞,张旭东,等.不同水溶肥对土壤养分及“红地球”葡萄产量和品质的影响[J].北方园艺, 2016(10):166-170.
[5]张丽莉,姚建刚,李涛,等.制革下脚料酶解物叶面肥对黄瓜生长的影响[J].湖南农业科学, 2017(09):46-48.
[6]李涛,姚建刚,曹守军,等.制革下脚料酶解物对菠菜生长及品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学, 2017, 45(35):53-54+59.
[7]沈建华.含氨基酸水溶肥在小麦抗逆高产栽培中的应用研究[J].现代农业科技, 2016(16):16+20.
[8]朱家骝.嘉有生命源黄腐酸水溶肥在葡萄上的应用[J].浙江农业科学, 2018, 59(07):1164-1165.
[9]李树亮,曾路生,梁斌,等.一种染料副产品作水溶肥原料的应用研究[J].山东农业学, 2014, 46(12):63-66.
[10]冯鸽,王佩,张德蒙,等.海藻有机水溶肥料在月季上的应用研究[J].吉林农业, 2018(20):48-49.
[11]周明春,曾德芳.高效环保型有机水溶肥的研制及应用[J].云南化工, 2017, 44(10):61-64.
[12]柯伟.有机水溶肥新美洲星在水稻上应用效果试验[J].安徽农学通报, 2014, 20(22):75-79.
[13]张玉凤,郜玉环,董亮,等.含寡糖水溶肥对菠菜生长、品质和生理生化指标的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2014(3):72-77.
[14]林学政,柳春燕,何培青,等.牛蒡叶内绿原酸抑制植物病原真菌的研究[J].植物保护, 2005, 31(3):35-38.
[15] CHEN W, ZHANG Z, SHEN Y, et al. Effect of tea polyphenols on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity of litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)fruit during cold storage[J]. Molecules, 2014, 19(10):16837-16850.
[16] ASGHARI M, KHALILI H, RASMI Y, et al. Influence of postharvest nitric oxide and Aloe vera gel application on sweet cheery quality indices and storage life[J]. International Journal of Agronomy&Plant Production, 2013:2393-2398.
[17] YANG Y, DONG C, YANG S, et al. Physiological and proteomic adaptation of the alpine grass Stipa purpurea to a drought gradient[J].Plos One, 2015, 10(2):e0117475. 1-27.
[18] HYLDGAARD B, BRIX H. Plasticity in carbon acquisition of the heterophyllous Luronium natans:An endangered freshwater species in Europe[J]. Aquatic Botany, 2011, 94(3):127-133.
[19] WANG D, YUAN X, LIU T, et al. Neuroprotective activity of lavender oil on transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice[J].Molecules, 2012, 17(8):9803-9817.
[20]聂继云,李志霞,李海飞,等.苹果理化品质评价指标研究[J].中国农业科学, 2012, 45(14):2895-2903.
[21]殷贺中,梁丽松,王贵禧.榛子粉溶解性和膨胀势与其主要物质组成的关系[J].中国农业科学, 2013, 46(11):2321-2329.
[22]李鹏程,苏学德,王晶晶,等.腐植酸肥与菌肥配施对果园土壤性质及葡萄产量、品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2018(1):121-126.
[23] LALEYE L C, ALHAMMADI S I, JOBE B, et al. Assessment of lycopene content of fresh tomatoes(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)an d tomato products in the United Arab Emirates[J]. Journal of Food Agriculture&Environment, 2010, 8(3):142-147.
[24] DEVASHREE Y, DUTTA B K, PAUL S B, et al. Impact of some pe sticides on the population of soil microorganisms[J]. Journal of Mycopathological Research, 2013, 51(2):335-338.
[25] ZENG X, ZHOU Y, ZHU Z, et al. Effects on soil properties of Bc WRKY1 transgenic maize with enhanced salinity tolerance[J].International Journal of Genomics, 2016,(2016-11-20), 2016,2016(5):1-13.
[26] SAMUEL A D, CORNEL DOMUTA, MARIA SANDOR, et al. The estimation of phosphatase activity in soil[J]. Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 2010, 42(3):311-314.
[27] GE Y, WANG Q, WANG L, et al. Response of Soil Enzymes and Microbial Communities to Root Extracts of the Alien Alternanthera philoxeroides[J]. Archives of Agronomy&Soil Science, 2017, 64(5):708-717.
[28] TANG B. Influence of Combined Soil Heavy Metal Pollution on Soil Enzyme Activity in the Pb-Zn Mining Area of Southern Shaanxi[J]. Journal of Computational&Theoretical Nanoscience, 2016,13(2):1147-1152.
[29]刘金龙,辛寒晓,范学明,等.鱼肽的制备及其对盐胁迫下3种蔬菜种子萌发的影响[J].山东农业科学, 2017, 49(7):59-65.
[30] JOSHI R, SINGH J, VIG A P. Vermicompost as an effective organic fertilizer and biocontrol agent:effect on growth, yield and quality of plants[J]. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology,2015, 14(1):137-159.
[31]李恕艳,李吉进,张邦喜,等.施用有机肥对番茄品质风味的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2017(2):114-119.
[32] MIRZAEE M, MOIENI A, GHANATI F. Effects of drought stress on the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in two canola(Brassica napus L.)cultivars[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science&Technology, 2013, 15(3):593-602.
[33]赵毅辉.腐植酸肥料对尾巨桉苗木生长生理特性及养分含量的影响[D].广西大学, 2016.
[34]刘术新,丁枫华,董瑞霞,等.有机肥对连作长豇豆苗期抗氧化系统的影响[J].贵州农业科学, 2013, 41(11):48-51.
[35]李吉进,宋东涛,邹国元,等.不同有机肥料对番茄生长及品质的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2008, 24(10):300-305.
[36]冯圣东,王伟,石维,等.施用有机肥对Hg胁迫葡萄叶片生化特性的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2015, 29(2):288-293.
[37] SUREKHA K, LATHA P C, RAO K V, et al. Grain Yield, Yield Components, Soil Fertility, and Biological Activity under Organic and Conventional Rice Production Systems[J]. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2010, 41(19):2279-2292.
[2]冯先明,王保明,彭全,等.我国水溶肥的发展概况与建议[J].现代化工, 2018, 38(1):6-11.
[3]周芳芳,钱正强,赵剑华,等.不同种类液态有机肥对土壤理化性状及烟叶品质影响[J].贵州农业科学, 2016, 44(5):36-42.
[4]呼生春,张永飞,张旭东,等.不同水溶肥对土壤养分及“红地球”葡萄产量和品质的影响[J].北方园艺, 2016(10):166-170.
[5]张丽莉,姚建刚,李涛,等.制革下脚料酶解物叶面肥对黄瓜生长的影响[J].湖南农业科学, 2017(09):46-48.
[6]李涛,姚建刚,曹守军,等.制革下脚料酶解物对菠菜生长及品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学, 2017, 45(35):53-54+59.
[7]沈建华.含氨基酸水溶肥在小麦抗逆高产栽培中的应用研究[J].现代农业科技, 2016(16):16+20.
[8]朱家骝.嘉有生命源黄腐酸水溶肥在葡萄上的应用[J].浙江农业科学, 2018, 59(07):1164-1165.
[9]李树亮,曾路生,梁斌,等.一种染料副产品作水溶肥原料的应用研究[J].山东农业学, 2014, 46(12):63-66.
[10]冯鸽,王佩,张德蒙,等.海藻有机水溶肥料在月季上的应用研究[J].吉林农业, 2018(20):48-49.
[11]周明春,曾德芳.高效环保型有机水溶肥的研制及应用[J].云南化工, 2017, 44(10):61-64.
[12]柯伟.有机水溶肥新美洲星在水稻上应用效果试验[J].安徽农学通报, 2014, 20(22):75-79.
[13]张玉凤,郜玉环,董亮,等.含寡糖水溶肥对菠菜生长、品质和生理生化指标的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2014(3):72-77.
[14]林学政,柳春燕,何培青,等.牛蒡叶内绿原酸抑制植物病原真菌的研究[J].植物保护, 2005, 31(3):35-38.
[15] CHEN W, ZHANG Z, SHEN Y, et al. Effect of tea polyphenols on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity of litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)fruit during cold storage[J]. Molecules, 2014, 19(10):16837-16850.
[16] ASGHARI M, KHALILI H, RASMI Y, et al. Influence of postharvest nitric oxide and Aloe vera gel application on sweet cheery quality indices and storage life[J]. International Journal of Agronomy&Plant Production, 2013:2393-2398.
[17] YANG Y, DONG C, YANG S, et al. Physiological and proteomic adaptation of the alpine grass Stipa purpurea to a drought gradient[J].Plos One, 2015, 10(2):e0117475. 1-27.
[18] HYLDGAARD B, BRIX H. Plasticity in carbon acquisition of the heterophyllous Luronium natans:An endangered freshwater species in Europe[J]. Aquatic Botany, 2011, 94(3):127-133.
[19] WANG D, YUAN X, LIU T, et al. Neuroprotective activity of lavender oil on transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice[J].Molecules, 2012, 17(8):9803-9817.
[20]聂继云,李志霞,李海飞,等.苹果理化品质评价指标研究[J].中国农业科学, 2012, 45(14):2895-2903.
[21]殷贺中,梁丽松,王贵禧.榛子粉溶解性和膨胀势与其主要物质组成的关系[J].中国农业科学, 2013, 46(11):2321-2329.
[22]李鹏程,苏学德,王晶晶,等.腐植酸肥与菌肥配施对果园土壤性质及葡萄产量、品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2018(1):121-126.
[23] LALEYE L C, ALHAMMADI S I, JOBE B, et al. Assessment of lycopene content of fresh tomatoes(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)an d tomato products in the United Arab Emirates[J]. Journal of Food Agriculture&Environment, 2010, 8(3):142-147.
[24] DEVASHREE Y, DUTTA B K, PAUL S B, et al. Impact of some pe sticides on the population of soil microorganisms[J]. Journal of Mycopathological Research, 2013, 51(2):335-338.
[25] ZENG X, ZHOU Y, ZHU Z, et al. Effects on soil properties of Bc WRKY1 transgenic maize with enhanced salinity tolerance[J].International Journal of Genomics, 2016,(2016-11-20), 2016,2016(5):1-13.
[26] SAMUEL A D, CORNEL DOMUTA, MARIA SANDOR, et al. The estimation of phosphatase activity in soil[J]. Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 2010, 42(3):311-314.
[27] GE Y, WANG Q, WANG L, et al. Response of Soil Enzymes and Microbial Communities to Root Extracts of the Alien Alternanthera philoxeroides[J]. Archives of Agronomy&Soil Science, 2017, 64(5):708-717.
[28] TANG B. Influence of Combined Soil Heavy Metal Pollution on Soil Enzyme Activity in the Pb-Zn Mining Area of Southern Shaanxi[J]. Journal of Computational&Theoretical Nanoscience, 2016,13(2):1147-1152.
[29]刘金龙,辛寒晓,范学明,等.鱼肽的制备及其对盐胁迫下3种蔬菜种子萌发的影响[J].山东农业科学, 2017, 49(7):59-65.
[30] JOSHI R, SINGH J, VIG A P. Vermicompost as an effective organic fertilizer and biocontrol agent:effect on growth, yield and quality of plants[J]. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology,2015, 14(1):137-159.
[31]李恕艳,李吉进,张邦喜,等.施用有机肥对番茄品质风味的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2017(2):114-119.
[32] MIRZAEE M, MOIENI A, GHANATI F. Effects of drought stress on the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in two canola(Brassica napus L.)cultivars[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science&Technology, 2013, 15(3):593-602.
[33]赵毅辉.腐植酸肥料对尾巨桉苗木生长生理特性及养分含量的影响[D].广西大学, 2016.
[34]刘术新,丁枫华,董瑞霞,等.有机肥对连作长豇豆苗期抗氧化系统的影响[J].贵州农业科学, 2013, 41(11):48-51.
[35]李吉进,宋东涛,邹国元,等.不同有机肥料对番茄生长及品质的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2008, 24(10):300-305.
[36]冯圣东,王伟,石维,等.施用有机肥对Hg胁迫葡萄叶片生化特性的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2015, 29(2):288-293.
[37] SUREKHA K, LATHA P C, RAO K V, et al. Grain Yield, Yield Components, Soil Fertility, and Biological Activity under Organic and Conventional Rice Production Systems[J]. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2010, 41(19):2279-2292.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |