农业文化遗产文化结构及其旅游功能扩展研究——以贵州加榜梯田为例
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摘要
农业文化遗产是一种特殊的世界遗产,是"人类智慧和人类杰作的突出样品",其文化内涵丰富,结构合理。基于文化结构的旅游功能扩展是当下农业文化遗产开发和保护的重要途径,在旅游开发的过程中,如何通过文化结构扩展其旅游功能,为当地居民增加经济收益,使之自发地保护和传承农业文化遗产,保证农业文化遗产世代传承,建构农业文化遗产的可持续发展模式,是学界研究和业界发展必须解决的问题。以贵州加榜梯田为例,结合农业文化遗产开发保护的实际问题,具体探讨了农业文化遗产的文化结构及其旅游功能的扩展,最后得出结论:加榜梯田农业文化遗产文化结构蕴含着丰富的旅游功能,能够为当前功能单一的旅游开发提供功能扩展的空间和方向;同时,旅游功能的扩展和开发又反作用于文化结构,改变传统文化结构,形成新的结构均衡,促进人与农业文化遗产新一轮的协同进化。
Agricultural cultural heritage, a special world heritage, is a prominent sample of human wisdom and masterpieces. Its cultural connotation is rich and its structure is reasonable. The expansion of tourism function based on cultural structure is an important way for the development and protection of agricultural cultural heritage. An unavoidable question for Academic research and industry development is that in the process of tourism development, how to expand its tourism function through cultural structure, increase economic benefits for local residents, so as to make them spontaneously protect and inherit agricultural cultural heritage, ensure the inheritance of agricultural cultural heritage from generation to generation, and construct a sustainable development mode of agricultural cultural heritage. With Jiabang terraced field of Guizhou as a case and based on the practical problems of agricultural cultural heritage development and protection, this paper discusses the cultural structure of agricultural cultural heritage and the expansion of its tourism function. Finally, the conclusion is drawn: the cultural structure of agricultural cultural heritage of terrace contains rich tourism function, which can provide space and direction of function expansion for current tourism development with single function; at the same time, the expansion and development of tourism functions counteract on the cultural structure, change the traditional cultural structure, form a new structural equilibrium, and promote a new round of co-evolution of human and agricultural cultural heritage.
Agricultural cultural heritage, a special world heritage, is a prominent sample of human wisdom and masterpieces. Its cultural connotation is rich and its structure is reasonable. The expansion of tourism function based on cultural structure is an important way for the development and protection of agricultural cultural heritage. An unavoidable question for Academic research and industry development is that in the process of tourism development, how to expand its tourism function through cultural structure, increase economic benefits for local residents, so as to make them spontaneously protect and inherit agricultural cultural heritage, ensure the inheritance of agricultural cultural heritage from generation to generation, and construct a sustainable development mode of agricultural cultural heritage. With Jiabang terraced field of Guizhou as a case and based on the practical problems of agricultural cultural heritage development and protection, this paper discusses the cultural structure of agricultural cultural heritage and the expansion of its tourism function. Finally, the conclusion is drawn: the cultural structure of agricultural cultural heritage of terrace contains rich tourism function, which can provide space and direction of function expansion for current tourism development with single function; at the same time, the expansion and development of tourism functions counteract on the cultural structure, change the traditional cultural structure, form a new structural equilibrium, and promote a new round of co-evolution of human and agricultural cultural heritage.
引文
[1]张朝枝.旅游与遗产保护[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2008:05.
[2]闵庆文,张碧天.中国重要农业文化遗产保护和发展研究进展[J].农学学报,2018,8(1):221-228.
[3]林耀华.金翼——一个中国家族的史记[M].北京:生活书店出版有限公司,2015:208-210.
[4]闵庆文.一种生态农业样板——稻鱼鸭复合系统[N].世界环境,2011-1-5(1).
[5]戴斌.记忆的尽头是生活——第五届中欧国际旅游论坛致辞演讲[OL].http://www.ctaweb.org/html/2016-6-2016-6-20-15-13-34461.html.
[6]杜赞奇.文化权利与国家第二版[M].南京:江苏人民出版社,2010:15-20.
[7]陈来生.中国旅游文化[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2008:10-30.
(1)2015年笔者第一次进入加榜梯田地区调研时发现大量的传统建筑被拆解,拆解后建筑材料被卖到了周边的县城建设成吊脚楼客栈;2017年再去的时候发现大量当地居民被生态移民统一安置到乡政府附近,大量外来商户入住景区村寨。作为文化遗产的主体就像化学置换反应一样,被外来资本置换出去。
(2)苗族本无文字,但解放后国家帮助苗族创制了文字,故本文以苗族没有文字为背景进行研究。
[2]闵庆文,张碧天.中国重要农业文化遗产保护和发展研究进展[J].农学学报,2018,8(1):221-228.
[3]林耀华.金翼——一个中国家族的史记[M].北京:生活书店出版有限公司,2015:208-210.
[4]闵庆文.一种生态农业样板——稻鱼鸭复合系统[N].世界环境,2011-1-5(1).
[5]戴斌.记忆的尽头是生活——第五届中欧国际旅游论坛致辞演讲[OL].http://www.ctaweb.org/html/2016-6-2016-6-20-15-13-34461.html.
[6]杜赞奇.文化权利与国家第二版[M].南京:江苏人民出版社,2010:15-20.
[7]陈来生.中国旅游文化[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2008:10-30.
(1)2015年笔者第一次进入加榜梯田地区调研时发现大量的传统建筑被拆解,拆解后建筑材料被卖到了周边的县城建设成吊脚楼客栈;2017年再去的时候发现大量当地居民被生态移民统一安置到乡政府附近,大量外来商户入住景区村寨。作为文化遗产的主体就像化学置换反应一样,被外来资本置换出去。
(2)苗族本无文字,但解放后国家帮助苗族创制了文字,故本文以苗族没有文字为背景进行研究。