生物炭吸附废水中重金属离子的研究进展
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摘要
生物炭是一种新型环境功能吸附材料,其原料来源广泛,价格低廉,环境友好,并且具有较大的比表面积和孔隙度,高度的芳香化结构,羧基、羟基、酸酐等表面官能团以及其他表面物理化学特性,对废水中的重金属离子具有良好的吸附能力,因此,近年来成为了环境科学等领域的研究热点。从生物炭吸附废水中重金属离子的影响因素以及机理等方面进行分析。生物炭对重金属离子吸附能力主要受生物炭性质、重金属离子性质以及外界环境的影响;其吸附机理则主要是物理吸附作用、表面带电的生物炭和金属离子之间的静电相互作用、离子交换作用、金属离子与生物炭表面官能团络合作用、沉淀作用。基于此,讨论目前生物炭吸附材料的潜在问题并提出未来的研究方向。
As the global climate continues to rise, the eutrophication status of lakes continues to increase, and the cyclical processes of various elements in lake sediments are receiving increasing attention. Microorganisms, as the main executor of the biogeochemical cycle, affect global climate change and lake ecological environment. This paper focuses on the elements of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and summarizes the biogeochemical cycle processes with microbial in lake sediments, including processes such as methane metabolism, nitrogen removal, ammonia production, sulfate reduction. Finally, some problems existed and needed to be solved in the current study are summarized, and the research direction of the biogeochemical cycle under the participation of microorganisms in lake sediments will be prospected.
As the global climate continues to rise, the eutrophication status of lakes continues to increase, and the cyclical processes of various elements in lake sediments are receiving increasing attention. Microorganisms, as the main executor of the biogeochemical cycle, affect global climate change and lake ecological environment. This paper focuses on the elements of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and summarizes the biogeochemical cycle processes with microbial in lake sediments, including processes such as methane metabolism, nitrogen removal, ammonia production, sulfate reduction. Finally, some problems existed and needed to be solved in the current study are summarized, and the research direction of the biogeochemical cycle under the participation of microorganisms in lake sediments will be prospected.
引文
[1]汪涛,高国龙,王庆,等.无机有机复合材料对重金属污染土壤的修复效应[J].环境科技,2018,31(5):29-34.
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[14]MOHAN D,PITTMAN C U,BRICKA M,et al.Sorption of arsenic,cadmium,and lead by chars produced from fast pyrolysis of wood and bark during bio-oil production[J].Journal of colloid and interface science,2007,310(1):57-73.
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[23]CHOY K K H,MCKAY G.Sorption of cadmium,copper,and zinc ions onto bone char using Crank diffusion model[J].Chemosphere,2005,60(8):1 141-1 150.
[24]PAN J,JIANG J,XU R.Adsorption of Cr(III)from acidic solutions by crop straw derived biochars[J].Journal of environmental sciences,2013,25(10):1 957-1 965.
[25]WANG S,GAO B,ZIMMERMAN A R,et al.Removal of arsenic by magnetic biochar prepared from pinewood and natural hematite[J].Bioresource technology,2015,175:391-395.
[26]张倩,柳超颖,范子皙,等.黍糠、菜籽饼生物炭的制备及其对重金属镉(Cd2+)的吸附[J].安全与环境学报,2018(2):664-670.
[27]EL-SHAFEY E I.Removal of Zn(II)and Hg(II)from aqueous solution on a carbonaceous sorbent chemically prepared from rice husk[J].Journal of hazardous materials,2010,175(1):319-327.
[28]LU H,ZHANG W,YANG Y,et al.Relative distribution of Pb2+sorption mechanisms by sludge-derived biochar[J].Water research,2012,46(3):854-862.
[29]LIU P,PTACEK C J,BLOWES D W,et al.Mechanisms of mercury removal by biochars produced from different feedstocks determined using X-ray absorption spectroscopy[J].Journal of hazardous materials,2016,308:233-242.
[30]XU X,CAO X,ZHAO L,et al.Removal of Cu,Zn,and Cd from aqueous solutions by the dairy manure-derived biochar[J].Environmental science and pollution research,2013,20(1):358-368.
[31]IPPOLITO J A,STRAWN D G,SCHECKEL K G,et al.Macroscopic and molecular investigations of copper sorption by a steam-activated biochar[J].Journal of environmental quality,2012,41(4):1 150-1 156.
[32]CAO X,HARRIS W.Properties of dairy-manure-derived biochar pertinent to its potential use in remediation[J].Bioresource technology,2010,101(14):5 222-5 228.
[2]LAKHERWAI D.Adsorption of heavy metals:a review[J].International journal of environmental research and development,2014,4(1):41-48.
[3]陈佑宁,赵维,曹蕾.新型吸附剂处理水体中重金属离子的研究进展[J].化学工程师,2016(11):44-48.
[4]STANDARD C I W D.Ministry of Environmental Protection of People's Republic of China:GB 8978-1996[S].Beijing:Ministry of Environmental Protection,1996.
[5]朱富坤,晏井春,闫永胜,等.纳米絮凝剂在废水处理中研究与应用进展[J].环境科技,2007,20(6):60-63.
[6]张之介,吴小文,黄朝晖,等.利用KNO3活化花生壳制备生物炭及其对苯酚吸附性能研究[J].炭素技术,2015,34(4):31-36.
[7]ZHAO L,CAO X,MA?EK O,et al.Heterogeneity of biochar properties as a function of feedstock sources and production temperatures[J].Journal of hazardous materials,2013,256:1-9.
[8]UCHIMIYA M,CHANG S C,KLASSON K T.Screening biochars for heavy metal retention in soil:role of oxygen functional groups[J].Journal of hazardous materials,2011,190(1):432-441.
[9]KEILUWEIT M,NICO P S,JOHNSON M G,et al.Dynamic molecular structure of plant biomass-derived black carbon(biochar)[J].Environmental science&technology,2010,44(4):1 247-1 253.
[10]AHMAD M,RAJAPAKSHA A U,LIM J E,et al.Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water:a review[J].Chemosphere,2014,99:19-33.
[11]杨选民,王雅君,邱凌,等.温度对生物质三组分热解制备生物炭理化特性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(4):284-290.
[12]CHEN T,ZHANG Y,WANG H,et al.Influence of pyrolysis temperature on characteristics and heavy metal adsorptive performance of biochar derived from municipal sewage sludge[J].Bioresource technology,2014,164:47-54.
[13]JIN J,LI Y,ZHANG J,et al.Influence of pyrolysis temperature on properties and environmental safety of heavy metals in biochars derived from municipal sewage sludge[J].Journal of hazardous materials,2016,320:417-426.
[14]MOHAN D,PITTMAN C U,BRICKA M,et al.Sorption of arsenic,cadmium,and lead by chars produced from fast pyrolysis of wood and bark during bio-oil production[J].Journal of colloid and interface science,2007,310(1):57-73.
[15]DONG X,MA L Q,LI Y.Characteristics and mechanisms of hexavalent chromium removal by biochar from sugar beet tailing[J].Journal of hazardous materials,2011,190(1):909-915.
[16]PARK J H,CHO J S,OK Y S,et al.Comparison of single and competitive metal adsorption by pepper stem biochar[J].Archives of agronomy and soil science,2016,62(5):617-632.
[17]续晓云,曹心德,于宏然.稻壳和牛粪基生物炭对水中重金属Pb,Cu,Zn,Cd的吸附研究[A].第六届全国环境化学大会暨环境科学仪器与分析仪器展览会摘要集[C].北京:中国化学会,2011.
[18]ZHANG Z,CAO X,LIANG P,et al.Adsorption of uranium from aqueous solution using biochar produced by hydrothermal carbonization[J].Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry,2013,295(2):1 201-1 208.
[19]AYTAS S,YURTLU M,DONAT R.Adsorption characteristic of U(VI)ion onto thermally activated bentonite[J].Journal of hazardous materials,2009,172(2):667-674.
[20]MENG J,FENG X,DAI Z,et al.Adsorption characteristics of Cu(II)from aqueous solution onto biochar derived from swine manure[J].Environmental science and pollution research,2014,21(11):7 035-7 046.
[21]INYANG M I,GAO B,YAO Y,et al.A review of biochar as a low-cost adsorbent for aqueous heavy metal removal[J].Critical reviews in environmental science and technology,2016,46(4):406-433.
[22]KUMAR S,LOGANATHAN V A,GUPTA R B,et al.An assessment of U(VI)removal from groundwater using biochar produced from hydrothermal carbonization[J].Journal of environmental management,2011,92(10):2 504-2 512.
[23]CHOY K K H,MCKAY G.Sorption of cadmium,copper,and zinc ions onto bone char using Crank diffusion model[J].Chemosphere,2005,60(8):1 141-1 150.
[24]PAN J,JIANG J,XU R.Adsorption of Cr(III)from acidic solutions by crop straw derived biochars[J].Journal of environmental sciences,2013,25(10):1 957-1 965.
[25]WANG S,GAO B,ZIMMERMAN A R,et al.Removal of arsenic by magnetic biochar prepared from pinewood and natural hematite[J].Bioresource technology,2015,175:391-395.
[26]张倩,柳超颖,范子皙,等.黍糠、菜籽饼生物炭的制备及其对重金属镉(Cd2+)的吸附[J].安全与环境学报,2018(2):664-670.
[27]EL-SHAFEY E I.Removal of Zn(II)and Hg(II)from aqueous solution on a carbonaceous sorbent chemically prepared from rice husk[J].Journal of hazardous materials,2010,175(1):319-327.
[28]LU H,ZHANG W,YANG Y,et al.Relative distribution of Pb2+sorption mechanisms by sludge-derived biochar[J].Water research,2012,46(3):854-862.
[29]LIU P,PTACEK C J,BLOWES D W,et al.Mechanisms of mercury removal by biochars produced from different feedstocks determined using X-ray absorption spectroscopy[J].Journal of hazardous materials,2016,308:233-242.
[30]XU X,CAO X,ZHAO L,et al.Removal of Cu,Zn,and Cd from aqueous solutions by the dairy manure-derived biochar[J].Environmental science and pollution research,2013,20(1):358-368.
[31]IPPOLITO J A,STRAWN D G,SCHECKEL K G,et al.Macroscopic and molecular investigations of copper sorption by a steam-activated biochar[J].Journal of environmental quality,2012,41(4):1 150-1 156.
[32]CAO X,HARRIS W.Properties of dairy-manure-derived biochar pertinent to its potential use in remediation[J].Bioresource technology,2010,101(14):5 222-5 228.