山西省森林生态系统服务功能评估
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摘要
森林生态系统服务功能评估一直是国内外研究热点之一,森林不仅具有经济价值,更有巨大的生态价值。基于山西省2016年森林资源2类调查数据,根据中华人民共和国林业行业标准LY/T1721—2008《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》,对山西省11个地市的主要植被类型生态系统服务功能进行评估。结果表明:1)2016年,山西省森林生态系统服务功能总价值为3172.64亿元,其价值量由大到小的顺序为涵养水源、净化大气环境、保育土壤、固碳释氧、生物多样性保护、林木积累营养物质、森林游憩,其中涵养水源、净化大气环境和保育土壤的价值量共占山西省森林生态系统服务功能总价值的78.98%;2)山西省各市森林生态系统服务功能价值量由大到小的顺序为吕梁市、忻州市、临汾市、晋中市、长治市、运城市、晋城市、大同市、太原市、朔州市、阳泉市,而单位面积价值量最大的是晋城市,最小的是朔州市;3)不同林分类型生态系统服务功能价值量由大到小的顺序为乔木林(油松、栎类、针阔混、阔叶混、桦木及山杨类、落叶松、杨树及软阔类、槐类、柏木、针叶混、云杉、硬阔类和竹林)、灌木林和经济林;4)不同龄组提供的生态系统服务功能价值量由大到小的顺序为中龄林、幼龄林、成过熟林、近熟林。
The evaluation of forest ecosystem service function is a hot topic at home and abroad. Forests bring not only economic benefits but also ecological benefits for humans. Based on the Forest Resources in Shanxi Province Report of 2016 and the standard specifications of the People′s Republic of China(LY/T1721—2008, "Specifications for assessment of forest ecosystem service in China"), this study evaluated the value of main vegetation types of 11 cities in Shanxi Province. The results showed that: 1) the total value of forest ecosystem services was 3172.64 billion yuan in Shanxi Province in 2016, with high to low value observed in the order of water storage, air quality purification, soil conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, biodiversity conservation, nutrients accumulation, and forest recreation. Water storage, air quality purification, and soil conservation contributed 78.98% of the total ecosystem value; 2) the order of forest ecosystem services in cities from high value to low value is Lvliang, Xinzhou, Linfen, Jinzhong, Changzhi, Yuncheng, Jincheng, Datong, Taiyuan, Shuozhou, and Yangquan. The highest and lowest cities for monetary values per hectare of land are Jincheng and Shuozhou, respectively; 3) the order of forest ecosystem services in the stand forest from high value to low value is arboreal forest(Pinus tabuliformis, Quercus spp., mixed broadleaf-conifer forest, broad-leaved mixed forest, Betula spp. and Populus davidiana, Larix gmelinii, Populus spp. and soft-broad tree, Sophora japonica, Cupressus funebris, Coniferous mixed forest, Picea asperata, hard-broad tree, and bamboo grove), shrubbery, and economic forest; 4) the order of forest ecosystem services based on age-group from high value to low value is middle forest, young forest, mature and over-mature forest, and near-mature forest.
The evaluation of forest ecosystem service function is a hot topic at home and abroad. Forests bring not only economic benefits but also ecological benefits for humans. Based on the Forest Resources in Shanxi Province Report of 2016 and the standard specifications of the People′s Republic of China(LY/T1721—2008, "Specifications for assessment of forest ecosystem service in China"), this study evaluated the value of main vegetation types of 11 cities in Shanxi Province. The results showed that: 1) the total value of forest ecosystem services was 3172.64 billion yuan in Shanxi Province in 2016, with high to low value observed in the order of water storage, air quality purification, soil conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, biodiversity conservation, nutrients accumulation, and forest recreation. Water storage, air quality purification, and soil conservation contributed 78.98% of the total ecosystem value; 2) the order of forest ecosystem services in cities from high value to low value is Lvliang, Xinzhou, Linfen, Jinzhong, Changzhi, Yuncheng, Jincheng, Datong, Taiyuan, Shuozhou, and Yangquan. The highest and lowest cities for monetary values per hectare of land are Jincheng and Shuozhou, respectively; 3) the order of forest ecosystem services in the stand forest from high value to low value is arboreal forest(Pinus tabuliformis, Quercus spp., mixed broadleaf-conifer forest, broad-leaved mixed forest, Betula spp. and Populus davidiana, Larix gmelinii, Populus spp. and soft-broad tree, Sophora japonica, Cupressus funebris, Coniferous mixed forest, Picea asperata, hard-broad tree, and bamboo grove), shrubbery, and economic forest; 4) the order of forest ecosystem services based on age-group from high value to low value is middle forest, young forest, mature and over-mature forest, and near-mature forest.
引文
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[24] 刘胜涛,高鹏,刘潘伟,牛香,王兵.泰山森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评估.生态学报,2017,37(10):3302- 3310.
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[28] 马国霞,赵学涛,吴琼,潘韬.生态系统生产总值核算概念界定和体系构建.资源科学,2015,37(9):1709- 1715.
[2] Patterson T M,Coelho D L.Ecosystem services:Foundations,opportunities,and challenges for the forest products sector.Forest Ecology and Management,2009,257(8):1637- 1646.
[3] 余新晓,鲁绍伟,靳芳,陈丽华,饶良懿,陆贵巧.中国森林生态系统服务功能价值评估.生态学报,2005,25(8):2096- 2102.
[4] 李少宁.江西省暨大岗山森林生态系统服务功能研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2007.
[5] Daily G C.Nature′s Services:Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems.Washington DC:Island Press,1997:1- 25.
[6] Costanza R,d′Arge R,de Groot R,Farber S,Grasso M,Hannon B,Limburg K,Naeem S,O′Neill R V,Paruelo J,Raskin R G,Sutton P,van den Belt M.The value of the world′s ecosystem services and natural capital.Nature,1997,387(6630):253- 260.
[7] 和爱军.浅析日本的森林公益机能经济价值评价.中南林业调查规划,2002,21(2):48- 54.
[8] 李文华.生态系统服务功能价值评估的理论、方法与应用.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2008:1- 36.
[9] Watson R,Albon S.The UK National Ecosystem Assessment:Synthesis of the Key Findings.Oxford:Information Press,2011:5- 84.
[10] 蒋延玲,周广胜.中国主要森林生态系统公益的评估.植物生态学报,1999,25(5):426- 432.
[11] 陈仲新,张新时.中国生态系统效益的价值.科学通报,2000,45(1):17- 22.
[12] 谢高地,张钇锂,鲁春霞,郑度,成升魁.中国自然草地生态系统服务价值.自然资源学报,2001,16(1):47- 53.
[13] 赵同谦,欧阳志云,贾良清,郑华.中国草地生态系统服务功能间接价值评价.生态学报,2004,24(6):1101- 1110.
[14] 谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,郑度,李双成.青藏高原生态资产的价值评估.自然资源学报,2003,18(2):189- 196.
[15] 《中国森林生态系统服务评估》项目组.中国森林生态服务功能评估.北京:中国林业出版社,2010.
[16] “中国森林资源核算研究”项目组.生态文明制度构建中的中国森林资源核算研究.北京:中国林业出版社,2015.
[17] 国家林业局.LY/T 1606—2003 森林生态系统定位观测指标体系.北京:中国标准出版社,2003.
[18] 国家林业局.LY/T 1721—2008 森林生态系统服务功能评估规范.北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[19] 山西省水利厅.2016年山西省水资源公报.(2018-05- 17) [2019-01- 26].http://www.sxwater.gov.cn/zncs/szyc/szygb/201805/t20180517_81393.html.
[20] 山西省统计局.山西统计年鉴2016.(2017-06- 19) [2018-06- 26].http://www.stats-sx.gov.cn/tjsj/tjnj/nj2016/indexch.htm.
[21] 徐国泉,刘则渊,姜照华.中国碳排放的因素分解模型及实证分析:1995- 2004.中国人口·资源与环境,2006,16(6):158- 161.
[22] 高甲荣,肖斌.桥山林区油松人工林营养元素分配与积累的研究.应用生态学报,2001,12(5):667- 671.
[23] 高甲荣,张东升,肖斌,牛健植.黄土区油松人工林生态系统营养元素分配格局和积累的研究.北京林业大学学报,2002,24(1):26- 30.
[24] 刘胜涛,高鹏,刘潘伟,牛香,王兵.泰山森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评估.生态学报,2017,37(10):3302- 3310.
[25] 山西省环境保护厅.2016年山西省环境状况公报.(2017-08- 23) [2018-06- 26].http://www.shanxi.gov.cn/sj/tjtb/201708/t20170823_330415.shtml.
[26] 牛香,王兵.基于分布式测算方法的福建省森林生态系统服务功能评估.中国水土保持科学,2012,10(2):36- 43.
[27] Hwang H J,Yook S J,Ahn K H.Experimental investigation of submicron and ultrafine soot particle removal by tree leaves.Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(38):6987- 6994.
[28] 马国霞,赵学涛,吴琼,潘韬.生态系统生产总值核算概念界定和体系构建.资源科学,2015,37(9):1709- 1715.