长江口地区近1500年以来沉积物重金属含量变化及其对流域环境响应
|
摘要
对长江口泥质沉积区ZK6孔沉积物进行了粒度分析、同位素测年、8个重金属元素(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn)含量对比分析,综合评价了1500年以来沉积物粒度和重金属元素垂向变化特征,并从长江流域环境变化的角度揭示了流域人类活动对长江口沉积物元素赋存的影响规律。研究结果显示,ZK6孔平均沉积速率为1.85cm/a;As、Cd自底部到顶部表现出元素含量一直在逐步升高的趋势;Cr元素自底部到顶部,表现出元素含量逐步降低的趋势;Cu、Hg、Pb、Ni、Zn元素,表现出自底部到顶部先逐步降低后又含量升高的趋势;除Cr外其他几个元素自2m以浅含量明显升高、变幅增大。8个重金属元素对长江流域环境变化的响应敏感程度由高到低依次为Cd>As>Hg>Cu>Pb>Zn>Ni>Cr。Cd、As、Hg是长江流域特别需要加强环境风险监控的指标,潜在的含量变化趋势应引起高度重视。
The sediment samples of the core ZK6 taken from the coastal muddy deposits of the Yangtze Estuary are analyzed for grain-size,isotopic activities and contents of eight heavy metal elements of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb,Zn by the authors.Comprehensive evaluation of the vertical variation in grain size and the heavy metal elements are carried out for the past 1500 years.Human activities and their influence on the element distribution patterns are revealed based on environment changes.The sedimentation rate of ZK6 core is 1.85 cm/a on average.Both As and Cd show an increasing trend from bottom to top,while Cr a trend of gradual decrease.The contents of Cu,Hg,Pb,Ni and Zn elements show a decrease trend in the beginning and turn to increase later on.In addition to Cr,several other elements significantly increase from 2m upwards.The response sensitivity of 8 heavy metal elements to environmental changes in the basin range in a descending order of Cd>As>Hg>Cu> Pb>Zn>Ni>Cr.Cd,As and Hg are the alarm of the urgent need in environmental risk monitoring.In such a circumstance,special attention is required.
The sediment samples of the core ZK6 taken from the coastal muddy deposits of the Yangtze Estuary are analyzed for grain-size,isotopic activities and contents of eight heavy metal elements of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb,Zn by the authors.Comprehensive evaluation of the vertical variation in grain size and the heavy metal elements are carried out for the past 1500 years.Human activities and their influence on the element distribution patterns are revealed based on environment changes.The sedimentation rate of ZK6 core is 1.85 cm/a on average.Both As and Cd show an increasing trend from bottom to top,while Cr a trend of gradual decrease.The contents of Cu,Hg,Pb,Ni and Zn elements show a decrease trend in the beginning and turn to increase later on.In addition to Cr,several other elements significantly increase from 2m upwards.The response sensitivity of 8 heavy metal elements to environmental changes in the basin range in a descending order of Cd>As>Hg>Cu> Pb>Zn>Ni>Cr.Cd,As and Hg are the alarm of the urgent need in environmental risk monitoring.In such a circumstance,special attention is required.
引文
[1]郑洪波,魏晓椿,王平,等.长江的前世今生[J].中国科学:地球科学,2017,47(4):385-393.[ZHENG Hongbo,WEI Xiaochun,WANG Ping,et al.Geological evolution of the Yangtze River(in Chinese)[J].Scientia Sinica Terrae,2017,47(4):385-393.]
[2]王岚,张桂玲,孙明爽,等.春、夏季长江口及其邻近海域溶解N2O的分布和海-气交换通量[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4502-4510.[WANG Lan,ZHANG Guiling,SUN Mingshuang,et al.Distributions and air-sea fluxes of dissolved nitrous oxide in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent marine area in spring and summer[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(12):4502-4510.]
[3]方明,吴友军,刘红,等.长江口沉积物重金属的分布、来源及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(2):563-569.[FANG Ming,WU Youjun,LIU Hong,et al.Distribution,sources and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of the Yangtze River estuary[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(2):563-569.]
[4]刘沛林.历史上人类活动对长江流域水灾的影响[J].北京大学学报:哲学社会科学版,1998,35(6):144-151.[LIU Peilin.The impact of human activities on flood in the Yangtze River basin in history[J].Journal of Peking University(Humanities and Social Sciences),1998,35(6):144-151.]
[5]肖尚斌,李安春,蒋富清,等.近2ka来东海内陆架泥质沉积物地球化学特征[J].地球化学,2005,34(6):595-604.[XIAOShangbin,LI Anchun,JIANG Fuqing,et al.Geochemical characteristics of recent 2ka mud on the inner shelf of the East China Sea[J].Geochimica,2005,34(6):595-604.]
[6]何中发.上海市近岸海域表层沉积物类型与元素丰度相关关系特征[J].上海地质,2010,31(1):1-5.[HE Zhongfa.Characteristics of correlation.between the type of surface sediment and elemental abundance of inshore in Shanghai[J].Shanghai Geology,2010,31(1):1-5.]
[7]Liu R,Men C,Liu Y Y,et al.Spatial distribution and pollution evaluation of heavy metals in Yangtze estuary sediment[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,(110)564-571.
[8]蓝先洪,张志繤,郭兴伟,等.东海陆架SFK-1孔微量元素地球化学特征与物源意义[J].现代地质,2013,27(6):1323-1331.[LAN Xianhong,ZHANG Zhixun,GUO Xingwei,et al.Geochemical characteristics of trace elements of sediments from drill hole SFK-1in the continental shelf of the East China Sea and the source implication[J].Geoscience,2013,27(6):1323-1331.]
[9]陈彬,范德江,郭志刚,等.长江口及邻近海域细颗粒沉积物中重金属的空间分布及沉积通量[J].海洋学报,2014,36(11):101-110.[CHEN Bin,FAN Dejiang,GUO Zhigang,et al.Heavy metals distribution patterns and sedimentary fluxes in finegrained sediments in the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent areas[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica(in Chinese),2014,16(11):101-110.]
[10]陈彬,刘健,范德江,等.中国东部海域底质沉积物中重金属研究现状[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2016,36(1):43-56.[CHEN Bin,LIU Jian,FAN Dejiang,et al.Study of heavy metals in bottom sediments of the East China Seas(Bohai,Huanghai and the East China Sea):A review of current status[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2016,36(1):43-56.]
[11]尹肃,冯成洪,李扬,等.长江口沉积物重金属赋存形态及风险特征[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):917-724.[YIN Su,FENG Chenghong,LI Yangyang,et al.Speciation and risk characteristics of heavy metals in the sediments of the Yangtze Estuary[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(3):917-724.]
[12]张振,刘健,陈彬,等.浙江近岸泥质区近140年来重金属元素沉积记录及其对长江流域人类活动的响应[J],海洋地质与第四纪地质,2016,36(3):23-33.[ZHANG Zhen,LIU Jian,CHEN Bin,et al.Depositional records of heavy meatals for the last 140years in the ZheJiang coastal muddy area of the Yangtze River basin and their responses to human activities[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2016,36(3):23-33.]
[13]Feng C H,Guo X Y,Yin S,et al.Heavy metal partitioning of suspended particulate matterewater and sedimentewater in the Yangtze Estuary[J].Chemosphere,2017,185:717-725.
[14]Han D M,Cheng J P,Hu X F,et al.Spatial distribution,risk assessment and source identification of heavy metals in sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,(115):141-148.
[15]何中发,方正,温晓华,等.长江口海域表层沉积物重金属元素赋存形态特征[J].上海国土资源,2012,33(2):69-73.[HEZhongfa,FANG Zheng,WEN Xiaohua,et al.Characteristics of geochemical forms of heavy metal in surface sediments in the Yangtze River Estuary[J].Shanghai Land&Resources,2012,33(2):69-73.]
[16]蓝先洪,张志繤,李日辉,等.长江口外海域沉积物常量元素分布特征及控制因素[J].海洋地质前沿,2011,27(7):1-12.[LAN Xianhong,ZHANG Zhixun,LI Rihui,et al.Distribution of major elements in the sediments of the Yangtze Estuary and adjacent offshore areas and its controlling factors[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2011,27(7):1-12.]
[17]蓝先洪,张志繤,李日辉,等.长江口外海域表层沉积物微量元素地球化学特征[J].现代地质,2011,25(6):1065-1076.[LAN Xianhong,ZHANG Zhixun,LI Rihui,et al.Geochemical characteristics of trace elements in the marine surface sediments outer Yangtze River Estuary[J].Geoscience,2011,25(6):1065-1076.]
[18]蓝先洪,张志繤,田振兴,等.长江口外海域表层沉积物稀土元素的含量分布与物质来源分析[J].应用海洋学学报,2013,32(1):13-19.[LAN Xianhong,ZHANG Zhixun,TIAN Zhenxing,et al.Content distributions and source analysis of rare earth elementsin surface sediment off Changjiang River Estuary[J].Journal of Applied Oceanography,2013,32(1):13-19.]
[19]密蓓蓓,蓝先洪,张志繤,等.长江口外海域沉积物重金属分布特征及其环境质量评价[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2013,33(6):47-54.[MI Beibei,LAN Xianhong,ZHANG Zhixun,et al.Distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments off Yangtze River Estuary and environmental quality assessment[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2013,33(6):47-54.]
[20]密蓓蓓,蓝先洪,张志繤,等.长江口海域表层沉积物常量元素地球化学及其地质意义[J].海洋学研究,2014,32(1):82-89.[MI Beibei,LAN Xianhong,ZHANG Zhixun,et al.Geochemical characteristics and geological significance of major elements of surface sediments from Changjiang and River Estuary[J].Journal of Marine Sciences,2014,32(1):82-89.]
[21]杨守业,李从先.长江与黄河现代表层沉积物元素组成及其示踪作用[J].自然科学进展,1999,10(9):930-937.[YANGShouye,LI Congxian.The composition and its tracing meaning of the surficial sediments from the Changjiang and Huanghe River[J].Advances of Natural Sciences,1999,10(9):930-937.]
[22]杨守业,李从先,赵泉鸿,等.长江口冰后期沉积物的元素组成特征[J].同济大学学报,2000,28(5):532-536.[YANGShouye,LI Congxian,ZHAO Quanhong,et al.Characteristics of element composition of Postglacial sediment in the Changjiang Estuary[J].Journal of Tongji University,2000,28(5):532-536.]
[23]陈吉余,悍才兴,徐海根,等.两千年来长江河口发育的模式[J].海洋学报,1979,1(1):103-111.[CHEN Jiyu,YUN Caixing,XU Haigen,et al.The developmental model of Changjiang River Estuary during last 2000years[J].Acta Oceanologia Sinica,1979,1(1):103-111.]
[24]张军宏,孟翊.长江口北支的形成和变迁[J].人民长江,2009,40(7):14-17.[ZHANG Junhong,MENG Yi.Formation and channel evolution of north branch of Yangtze Estuarine[J].Yangtze River,2009,40(7):17-17.]
[25]陈家其,施雅风.长江三角洲千年冬温序列与古里雅冰心比较[J].冰川冻土,2002,24(1):32-38.[CHEN Jiaqi,SHI Yafeng.Comparison of the winter temperature in the Yangtze delta in the last 1000awith the record in Guliya ice core[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2002,24(1):32-39.]
[26]朱诚,郑平建,史威,等.长江三角洲及其附近地区两千年来水灾的研究[J].自然灾害学报,2001,10(4):8-14.[ZHUCheng,ZHENG Pingjian,SHI Wei,et al.Research on flood hazard in the Yangtze Delta and its nearby area since the early Anno Domini[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2001,10(4):8-14.]
[27]史长义,梁萌,冯斌.中国水系沉积物39种元素系列背景值[J].地球科学,2016,41(2):234-251.[SHI Changyi,LIANGMeng,FENG Bin.Average background values of 39chemical elements in stream sediments of China[J].Earth Science,2016,41(2):234-251.]
[2]王岚,张桂玲,孙明爽,等.春、夏季长江口及其邻近海域溶解N2O的分布和海-气交换通量[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4502-4510.[WANG Lan,ZHANG Guiling,SUN Mingshuang,et al.Distributions and air-sea fluxes of dissolved nitrous oxide in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent marine area in spring and summer[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(12):4502-4510.]
[3]方明,吴友军,刘红,等.长江口沉积物重金属的分布、来源及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(2):563-569.[FANG Ming,WU Youjun,LIU Hong,et al.Distribution,sources and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of the Yangtze River estuary[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(2):563-569.]
[4]刘沛林.历史上人类活动对长江流域水灾的影响[J].北京大学学报:哲学社会科学版,1998,35(6):144-151.[LIU Peilin.The impact of human activities on flood in the Yangtze River basin in history[J].Journal of Peking University(Humanities and Social Sciences),1998,35(6):144-151.]
[5]肖尚斌,李安春,蒋富清,等.近2ka来东海内陆架泥质沉积物地球化学特征[J].地球化学,2005,34(6):595-604.[XIAOShangbin,LI Anchun,JIANG Fuqing,et al.Geochemical characteristics of recent 2ka mud on the inner shelf of the East China Sea[J].Geochimica,2005,34(6):595-604.]
[6]何中发.上海市近岸海域表层沉积物类型与元素丰度相关关系特征[J].上海地质,2010,31(1):1-5.[HE Zhongfa.Characteristics of correlation.between the type of surface sediment and elemental abundance of inshore in Shanghai[J].Shanghai Geology,2010,31(1):1-5.]
[7]Liu R,Men C,Liu Y Y,et al.Spatial distribution and pollution evaluation of heavy metals in Yangtze estuary sediment[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,(110)564-571.
[8]蓝先洪,张志繤,郭兴伟,等.东海陆架SFK-1孔微量元素地球化学特征与物源意义[J].现代地质,2013,27(6):1323-1331.[LAN Xianhong,ZHANG Zhixun,GUO Xingwei,et al.Geochemical characteristics of trace elements of sediments from drill hole SFK-1in the continental shelf of the East China Sea and the source implication[J].Geoscience,2013,27(6):1323-1331.]
[9]陈彬,范德江,郭志刚,等.长江口及邻近海域细颗粒沉积物中重金属的空间分布及沉积通量[J].海洋学报,2014,36(11):101-110.[CHEN Bin,FAN Dejiang,GUO Zhigang,et al.Heavy metals distribution patterns and sedimentary fluxes in finegrained sediments in the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent areas[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica(in Chinese),2014,16(11):101-110.]
[10]陈彬,刘健,范德江,等.中国东部海域底质沉积物中重金属研究现状[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2016,36(1):43-56.[CHEN Bin,LIU Jian,FAN Dejiang,et al.Study of heavy metals in bottom sediments of the East China Seas(Bohai,Huanghai and the East China Sea):A review of current status[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2016,36(1):43-56.]
[11]尹肃,冯成洪,李扬,等.长江口沉积物重金属赋存形态及风险特征[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):917-724.[YIN Su,FENG Chenghong,LI Yangyang,et al.Speciation and risk characteristics of heavy metals in the sediments of the Yangtze Estuary[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(3):917-724.]
[12]张振,刘健,陈彬,等.浙江近岸泥质区近140年来重金属元素沉积记录及其对长江流域人类活动的响应[J],海洋地质与第四纪地质,2016,36(3):23-33.[ZHANG Zhen,LIU Jian,CHEN Bin,et al.Depositional records of heavy meatals for the last 140years in the ZheJiang coastal muddy area of the Yangtze River basin and their responses to human activities[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2016,36(3):23-33.]
[13]Feng C H,Guo X Y,Yin S,et al.Heavy metal partitioning of suspended particulate matterewater and sedimentewater in the Yangtze Estuary[J].Chemosphere,2017,185:717-725.
[14]Han D M,Cheng J P,Hu X F,et al.Spatial distribution,risk assessment and source identification of heavy metals in sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,(115):141-148.
[15]何中发,方正,温晓华,等.长江口海域表层沉积物重金属元素赋存形态特征[J].上海国土资源,2012,33(2):69-73.[HEZhongfa,FANG Zheng,WEN Xiaohua,et al.Characteristics of geochemical forms of heavy metal in surface sediments in the Yangtze River Estuary[J].Shanghai Land&Resources,2012,33(2):69-73.]
[16]蓝先洪,张志繤,李日辉,等.长江口外海域沉积物常量元素分布特征及控制因素[J].海洋地质前沿,2011,27(7):1-12.[LAN Xianhong,ZHANG Zhixun,LI Rihui,et al.Distribution of major elements in the sediments of the Yangtze Estuary and adjacent offshore areas and its controlling factors[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2011,27(7):1-12.]
[17]蓝先洪,张志繤,李日辉,等.长江口外海域表层沉积物微量元素地球化学特征[J].现代地质,2011,25(6):1065-1076.[LAN Xianhong,ZHANG Zhixun,LI Rihui,et al.Geochemical characteristics of trace elements in the marine surface sediments outer Yangtze River Estuary[J].Geoscience,2011,25(6):1065-1076.]
[18]蓝先洪,张志繤,田振兴,等.长江口外海域表层沉积物稀土元素的含量分布与物质来源分析[J].应用海洋学学报,2013,32(1):13-19.[LAN Xianhong,ZHANG Zhixun,TIAN Zhenxing,et al.Content distributions and source analysis of rare earth elementsin surface sediment off Changjiang River Estuary[J].Journal of Applied Oceanography,2013,32(1):13-19.]
[19]密蓓蓓,蓝先洪,张志繤,等.长江口外海域沉积物重金属分布特征及其环境质量评价[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2013,33(6):47-54.[MI Beibei,LAN Xianhong,ZHANG Zhixun,et al.Distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments off Yangtze River Estuary and environmental quality assessment[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2013,33(6):47-54.]
[20]密蓓蓓,蓝先洪,张志繤,等.长江口海域表层沉积物常量元素地球化学及其地质意义[J].海洋学研究,2014,32(1):82-89.[MI Beibei,LAN Xianhong,ZHANG Zhixun,et al.Geochemical characteristics and geological significance of major elements of surface sediments from Changjiang and River Estuary[J].Journal of Marine Sciences,2014,32(1):82-89.]
[21]杨守业,李从先.长江与黄河现代表层沉积物元素组成及其示踪作用[J].自然科学进展,1999,10(9):930-937.[YANGShouye,LI Congxian.The composition and its tracing meaning of the surficial sediments from the Changjiang and Huanghe River[J].Advances of Natural Sciences,1999,10(9):930-937.]
[22]杨守业,李从先,赵泉鸿,等.长江口冰后期沉积物的元素组成特征[J].同济大学学报,2000,28(5):532-536.[YANGShouye,LI Congxian,ZHAO Quanhong,et al.Characteristics of element composition of Postglacial sediment in the Changjiang Estuary[J].Journal of Tongji University,2000,28(5):532-536.]
[23]陈吉余,悍才兴,徐海根,等.两千年来长江河口发育的模式[J].海洋学报,1979,1(1):103-111.[CHEN Jiyu,YUN Caixing,XU Haigen,et al.The developmental model of Changjiang River Estuary during last 2000years[J].Acta Oceanologia Sinica,1979,1(1):103-111.]
[24]张军宏,孟翊.长江口北支的形成和变迁[J].人民长江,2009,40(7):14-17.[ZHANG Junhong,MENG Yi.Formation and channel evolution of north branch of Yangtze Estuarine[J].Yangtze River,2009,40(7):17-17.]
[25]陈家其,施雅风.长江三角洲千年冬温序列与古里雅冰心比较[J].冰川冻土,2002,24(1):32-38.[CHEN Jiaqi,SHI Yafeng.Comparison of the winter temperature in the Yangtze delta in the last 1000awith the record in Guliya ice core[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2002,24(1):32-39.]
[26]朱诚,郑平建,史威,等.长江三角洲及其附近地区两千年来水灾的研究[J].自然灾害学报,2001,10(4):8-14.[ZHUCheng,ZHENG Pingjian,SHI Wei,et al.Research on flood hazard in the Yangtze Delta and its nearby area since the early Anno Domini[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2001,10(4):8-14.]
[27]史长义,梁萌,冯斌.中国水系沉积物39种元素系列背景值[J].地球科学,2016,41(2):234-251.[SHI Changyi,LIANGMeng,FENG Bin.Average background values of 39chemical elements in stream sediments of China[J].Earth Science,2016,41(2):234-251.]
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |