咸阳市地下水饮用水源地的水环境评价
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摘要
为全面掌握咸阳市地下水饮用水源地的水环境状况,对2011—2017年该市5个地下水饮用水源地的水质进行评价,并利用健康风险评价模型进行健康风险评价。结果表明:1)咸阳市地下水饮用水源地水质均达到GB 14848—2017《地下水质量标准》Ⅲ类水质标准,其中主要污染指标为氨氮和锰; 2)饮用水的健康总风险在4. 5×10-6/a左右,小于国际癌症研究中心推荐的最大可接受风险; 3)致癌物质在总健康风险中占主要地位,对总健康风险的平均贡献为98. 4%,而在致癌物质中,六价铬的贡献为最大; 4)仪器检出限对于健康风险评价具有一定的影响。总体而言,咸阳市地下水饮用水源地水质较好,对人体的潜在风险在可控范围内。
To fully grasp the current water environment of groundwater and drinking water sources in Xianyang,water quality of five groundwater and drinking water sources in the city from 2011 to 2017 was assessed,and potential health risk assessment was conducted using health risk assessment model. The results showed that: 1) The water quality of groundwater and drinking water source in Xianyang met the Class Ⅲ water quality standard Standard for Groundwater Quality and the main pollution indicators were ammonia nitrogen and manganese; 2) The total health risk of the drinking water was about 4. 5×10-6/a,which was lower than the maximum acceptable risk recommended by the International Cancer Research Center; 3) In total health risk,carcinogens occupied the key position,whose average contribution to total health risk was 98. 4%,while among the carcinogens hexavalent chromium made the greatest contribution to total health risk; 4) Instrument detection limit was an important factor affecting the health risk assessment. In general,groundwater and drinking water sources in Xianyang had good water quality,and its potential risk to human body was withina controllable range.
To fully grasp the current water environment of groundwater and drinking water sources in Xianyang,water quality of five groundwater and drinking water sources in the city from 2011 to 2017 was assessed,and potential health risk assessment was conducted using health risk assessment model. The results showed that: 1) The water quality of groundwater and drinking water source in Xianyang met the Class Ⅲ water quality standard Standard for Groundwater Quality and the main pollution indicators were ammonia nitrogen and manganese; 2) The total health risk of the drinking water was about 4. 5×10-6/a,which was lower than the maximum acceptable risk recommended by the International Cancer Research Center; 3) In total health risk,carcinogens occupied the key position,whose average contribution to total health risk was 98. 4%,while among the carcinogens hexavalent chromium made the greatest contribution to total health risk; 4) Instrument detection limit was an important factor affecting the health risk assessment. In general,groundwater and drinking water sources in Xianyang had good water quality,and its potential risk to human body was withina controllable range.
引文
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[14]尚志海,刘希林.国外可接受风险标准研究综述[J].世界地理研究,2010,19(3):72-80.
[2]李名升,张建辉,梁念,等.常用水环境质量评价方法分析与比较[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(5):617-624.
[3] Covello V T, Merkhofer M W. Risk assessment methods:approaches for assessing health and environmental risks[J]. Ces Medicina,1993,9(1):99-101.
[4] Marcomini A,Glenn I,Critto A. Decision support systems for risk-based management of contaminated sites[M]. Springer US,2009.
[5] Shakoor M B, Nawaz R, Hussain F, et al. Human health implications,risk assessment and remediation of as-contaminated water:a critical review[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,601/602:756-769.
[6] Sadler R,Maetam B,Edokpolo B,et al. Health risk assessment for exposure to nitrate in drinking water from village wells in semarang,indonesia[J]. Environmental Pollution,2016,216:738-745.
[7]汤智,廖海清,张亮,等.成渝经济区河流表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布、来源及生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2011,32(9):2639-2644.
[8]赵艳民,秦延文,郑丙辉,等.突发性水污染事故应急健康风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(5):1328-1335.
[9]张建龙,解建仓,汪妮,等.基于改进蒙特卡罗方法的再生水回用健康风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(11):2353-2360.
[10]张德彬,刘国东,王亮,等.基于灾害风险理论的岩溶区建设项目地下水污染风险评价[J].环境工程,2017,35(10):141-145.
[11] Zhai Y,Zhao X,Teng Y,et al. Groundwater nitrate pollution and human health risk assessment by using HHRA model in an agricultural area,NE China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2017,137:130-142.
[12] Chabukdhara M,Gupta S K,Kotecha Y,et al. Groundwater quality in ghaziabad district,Uttar Pradesh,India:multivariate and health risk assessment[J]. Chemosphere,2017,179:167-178.
[13]段小丽.暴露参数的研究方法及其在环境健康风险评价中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[14]尚志海,刘希林.国外可接受风险标准研究综述[J].世界地理研究,2010,19(3):72-80.