基于政务数据的武汉都市发展区职住匹配与通勤特征研究
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摘要
中国许多大城市处于制度转型与空间重构的背景下,城市就业与居住空间关系正发生明显变化职住空间的合理布局成为城市规划考虑的重要课题。研究利用武汉市大样本政务数据进行数据集成与空间化,得到居民个体精细空间数据,对武汉都市发展区的通勤特征、职住空间匹配关系进行分析与测度,发现:武汉都市发展区居民平均通勤距离处于合理范围;都市发展区职住空间总体匹配较好,但不同区域职住空间匹配差异明显;城市空间发展战略布局的调整与职住空间失配现象密切相关;"武汉三镇"之间、新城组群与邻近主城区之间显著的交叉通勤是影响城市交通拥堵的重要因素。
With the urban expression and economic restructuring,the jobs-housing relationship has become an important issue in studies on urban spatial structure.This paper analyzes the commuting characteristics and measures the jobs-housing matching relationship in Wuhan Metropolitan Area using the individual data of residents,which is obtained by integrating and spatialization of Wuhan municipal government data and spatial unit data.The results indicate that:the average commuting distance of residents in Wuhan Metropolitan Area is in a reasonable range;jobs-housing spatial structure of Wuhan Metropolitan Area is relatively reasonable,and the status of jobs-housing spatial matching varies obviously in different zones;to some extent,the adjustment of urban development strategy affects the jobs-housing space matching;the river-crossing commuting in Three Towns of Wuhan is more serious,while six new town clusters undertake remarkable two-way crossing commuting and longer commuting distance to the city center.
With the urban expression and economic restructuring,the jobs-housing relationship has become an important issue in studies on urban spatial structure.This paper analyzes the commuting characteristics and measures the jobs-housing matching relationship in Wuhan Metropolitan Area using the individual data of residents,which is obtained by integrating and spatialization of Wuhan municipal government data and spatial unit data.The results indicate that:the average commuting distance of residents in Wuhan Metropolitan Area is in a reasonable range;jobs-housing spatial structure of Wuhan Metropolitan Area is relatively reasonable,and the status of jobs-housing spatial matching varies obviously in different zones;to some extent,the adjustment of urban development strategy affects the jobs-housing space matching;the river-crossing commuting in Three Towns of Wuhan is more serious,while six new town clusters undertake remarkable two-way crossing commuting and longer commuting distance to the city center.
引文
[1]Robert C M D.Which reduces vehicle travel more:Jobs-housing balance or retail-housing mixing?[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,2006,72(4):475-490.
[2]程鹏,唐子来.上海中心城区的职住空间匹配及其演化特征研究[J].城市规划学刊,2017(3):62-69.
[3]戴柳燕,焦华富,肖林.国内外城市职住空间匹配研究综述[J].人文地理,2013(2):27-31.
[4]Kain J F.Housing segregation,negro employment,and metropolitan decentralization[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1968,82(2):175-197.
[5]Cheshire P C.Spatial Unemployment and Inequality[A]//Bowers J K(ed).Inflation,Development and Integration:Essays in Honor of A J Brown.Leeds[M].UK:Leeds University Press,1979.
[6]Thompson M A.The impact of spatial mismatch on female labor force participation[J].Economic Development Quarterly,1997,11(2):138-145.
[7]Houston D S.Methods to test the spatial mismatch hypothesis[J].Economic Geography.2005,81(4):407-434.
[8]Cervero R.Jobs-housing balancing and regional mobilityCJ].Journal of the American Planning Association,1989,55(2):136-150.
[9]Cervero R.Jobs-housing balance as public policy[J].Urban Land,1991,14(10):10-14.
[10]Cervero R.Jobs-housing balance revisited:Trends and impacts in the San Francisco bay area[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,1996,62(4):492-511.
[11]Peng Z R. The jobs-housing balanceand urban commuting[J].Urban Studies,1997,34(34):1215-1235.
[12]Nowlan D M,Stewart G.Downtown population growth and commuting trips:Recent experience in Toronto[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,1991,57(2):165-182.
[13]Levinson,David M.Accessibility and the journey to work[J].Journal of Transport Geography,1998,6(1):11-21.
[14]Giuliano G.Is jobs-housing balance a transportation issue?[J].Transportation Research Record,1991(1935):305-312.
[15]Giuliano G,Small K A.Is the journey to work explained by urban structure?[J].Urban Studies,1993,30(9):1485-1500.
[16]Wachs M,Taylor B,Levine N,et al.The Changing commute:A case study of the jobs/Housing relationship over time[J].Urban Studies,1993,30(10):1711-1729.
[17]Holzer H J,Ihlanfeldt K R.Spatial factors and the employment of Blacks at the firm level[J].New England Economic Review,1996,3(5):65-86.
[18]Stoll M A.Spatial job search,spatial mismatch,and the employment and wages of racial and Ethnic Groups in Los Angeles[J].Journal of Urban Economics,1999,46(1):129-155.
[19]Reid Ewing R C,Cervero R.Travel and the built environment—synthesis[J].Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2001,1780(1):265-294.
[20]周江评.“空间不匹配”假设与城市弱势群体就业问题:美国相关研究及其对中国的启示[J].现代城市研究,2004(9):8-14.
[21]李纯斌,吴静.“空间失配”假设及对中国城市问题研究的启示[J].城市问题,2006(2):16-21.
[22]孟晓晨,吴静,沈凡卜.职住平衡的研究回顾及观点综述[J].城市发展研究,2009(6):23-28.
[23]刘志林,王茂军,柴彦威.空间错位理论研究进展与方法论评述[J].人文地理,2010(1):1-6.
[24]徐涛,宋金平,方琳娜,等.北京居住与就业的空间错位研究[J].地理科学,2009(2):174-180.
[25]刘志林,张艳,柴彦威.中国大城市职住分离现象及其特征:以北京市为例[J].城市发展研究,2009(9):110-117.
[26]顾翠红,魏清泉.上海市职住分离情况定量分析[J].规划师,2008(6):57-62.
[27]孙斌栋,李南菲.宋杰洁,等.职住平衡对通勤交通的影响分析:对一个传统城市规划理念的实证检验[J].城市规划学刊,2010(6):55-60.
[28]周素红,闫小培.广州城市居住一就业空间及对居民出行的影响[J].城市规划,2006(5):13-18.
[29]Long Y,Thill J.Combining smart card data and household travel survey to analyze jobs-housing relationships in Beijing[J].Computers,Environment and Urban Systems,2015(53):19-35.
[30]钮心毅,丁亮,宋小冬.基于职住空间关系分析上海郊区新城发展状况[J].城市规划,2017(8):47-53.
[31]张振龙,蒋灵德.基于职住平衡与通勤的苏州城市职住空间结构特征[J].规划师,2015(3):81-86.
[32]Livingston B L.Using Jobs/Housing Balance Indicators for Air-pollution Control[A]//University of CaliforniaLC].Berkeley:Institute of Transportation Studies,1989.
[33]Deakin E.Land use and transportation planning in response to congestion problems:A review and critique[J].Transportation Research Board,1989(1237):77-86.
[34]Margolis J.Municipal fiscal structure in a metropolitan region[J].Journal of Political Economy,1957,65(3):225-236.
[35]徐艺轩,周锐,戴刘冬.等.我国中部中等城市职住分离的空间差异及其影响因素:以漯河市为例[J].城市发展研究,2014,21(12):52-58.
[2]程鹏,唐子来.上海中心城区的职住空间匹配及其演化特征研究[J].城市规划学刊,2017(3):62-69.
[3]戴柳燕,焦华富,肖林.国内外城市职住空间匹配研究综述[J].人文地理,2013(2):27-31.
[4]Kain J F.Housing segregation,negro employment,and metropolitan decentralization[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1968,82(2):175-197.
[5]Cheshire P C.Spatial Unemployment and Inequality[A]//Bowers J K(ed).Inflation,Development and Integration:Essays in Honor of A J Brown.Leeds[M].UK:Leeds University Press,1979.
[6]Thompson M A.The impact of spatial mismatch on female labor force participation[J].Economic Development Quarterly,1997,11(2):138-145.
[7]Houston D S.Methods to test the spatial mismatch hypothesis[J].Economic Geography.2005,81(4):407-434.
[8]Cervero R.Jobs-housing balancing and regional mobilityCJ].Journal of the American Planning Association,1989,55(2):136-150.
[9]Cervero R.Jobs-housing balance as public policy[J].Urban Land,1991,14(10):10-14.
[10]Cervero R.Jobs-housing balance revisited:Trends and impacts in the San Francisco bay area[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,1996,62(4):492-511.
[11]Peng Z R. The jobs-housing balanceand urban commuting[J].Urban Studies,1997,34(34):1215-1235.
[12]Nowlan D M,Stewart G.Downtown population growth and commuting trips:Recent experience in Toronto[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,1991,57(2):165-182.
[13]Levinson,David M.Accessibility and the journey to work[J].Journal of Transport Geography,1998,6(1):11-21.
[14]Giuliano G.Is jobs-housing balance a transportation issue?[J].Transportation Research Record,1991(1935):305-312.
[15]Giuliano G,Small K A.Is the journey to work explained by urban structure?[J].Urban Studies,1993,30(9):1485-1500.
[16]Wachs M,Taylor B,Levine N,et al.The Changing commute:A case study of the jobs/Housing relationship over time[J].Urban Studies,1993,30(10):1711-1729.
[17]Holzer H J,Ihlanfeldt K R.Spatial factors and the employment of Blacks at the firm level[J].New England Economic Review,1996,3(5):65-86.
[18]Stoll M A.Spatial job search,spatial mismatch,and the employment and wages of racial and Ethnic Groups in Los Angeles[J].Journal of Urban Economics,1999,46(1):129-155.
[19]Reid Ewing R C,Cervero R.Travel and the built environment—synthesis[J].Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2001,1780(1):265-294.
[20]周江评.“空间不匹配”假设与城市弱势群体就业问题:美国相关研究及其对中国的启示[J].现代城市研究,2004(9):8-14.
[21]李纯斌,吴静.“空间失配”假设及对中国城市问题研究的启示[J].城市问题,2006(2):16-21.
[22]孟晓晨,吴静,沈凡卜.职住平衡的研究回顾及观点综述[J].城市发展研究,2009(6):23-28.
[23]刘志林,王茂军,柴彦威.空间错位理论研究进展与方法论评述[J].人文地理,2010(1):1-6.
[24]徐涛,宋金平,方琳娜,等.北京居住与就业的空间错位研究[J].地理科学,2009(2):174-180.
[25]刘志林,张艳,柴彦威.中国大城市职住分离现象及其特征:以北京市为例[J].城市发展研究,2009(9):110-117.
[26]顾翠红,魏清泉.上海市职住分离情况定量分析[J].规划师,2008(6):57-62.
[27]孙斌栋,李南菲.宋杰洁,等.职住平衡对通勤交通的影响分析:对一个传统城市规划理念的实证检验[J].城市规划学刊,2010(6):55-60.
[28]周素红,闫小培.广州城市居住一就业空间及对居民出行的影响[J].城市规划,2006(5):13-18.
[29]Long Y,Thill J.Combining smart card data and household travel survey to analyze jobs-housing relationships in Beijing[J].Computers,Environment and Urban Systems,2015(53):19-35.
[30]钮心毅,丁亮,宋小冬.基于职住空间关系分析上海郊区新城发展状况[J].城市规划,2017(8):47-53.
[31]张振龙,蒋灵德.基于职住平衡与通勤的苏州城市职住空间结构特征[J].规划师,2015(3):81-86.
[32]Livingston B L.Using Jobs/Housing Balance Indicators for Air-pollution Control[A]//University of CaliforniaLC].Berkeley:Institute of Transportation Studies,1989.
[33]Deakin E.Land use and transportation planning in response to congestion problems:A review and critique[J].Transportation Research Board,1989(1237):77-86.
[34]Margolis J.Municipal fiscal structure in a metropolitan region[J].Journal of Political Economy,1957,65(3):225-236.
[35]徐艺轩,周锐,戴刘冬.等.我国中部中等城市职住分离的空间差异及其影响因素:以漯河市为例[J].城市发展研究,2014,21(12):52-58.