近20年疏勒河流域生态承载力和生态需水研究
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摘要
水资源是一切生物赖以生存和不可替代的基本自然资源,生态需水在维持流域生态系统平衡和生态承载力可持续性方面扮演着极其重要的角色,干旱区内陆河流域尤为突出。以疏勒河流域和其所辖县区为不同尺度区域,利用LandsatTM/ETM+/OLI遥感数据(30 m分辨率),解译该流域近20年5期土地利用数据,同时在收集和整理流域多年水文水资源基础数据的基础上,以流域生态需水为研究主线,运用多学科方法和原理,结合遥感技术、GIS技术,通过现场调查和观测,计算了流域及其所辖县区近20年生态承载力和天然植被生态需水量。结果表明:近20年来,伴随流域生态承载力的增加,生态需水量也呈增加趋势,两者呈非常明显的正相关关系,相关系数达0.6076;县域尺度上,生态需水与生态承载力正相关关系也较高,其中林、草地的生态需水与生态承载力拟合优度R~2分别达0.8519、0.7235,说明林、草地生态承载力的变化对生态需水变化的解释能力更强,二者之间的关系更为紧密;基于空间热点分析,该流域生态承载力和生态需水的热点和冷点区域均呈现相似的空间格局,说明二者之间在空间尺度上也呈正相关关系。研究结论可为疏勒河流域生态水资源量的科学配置和调控提供重要的决策依据。
Water is a basic natural resource that all living creatures need to survive and cannot be replaced. Ecological water demand plays an extremely important role in maintaining the balance beween the ecosystem and the sustainability of the biocapacity of river basins, especially arid inland basins. In this study, the basin-and county-scale Shule River Basin Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI remote sensing data(30 m resolution) were used to interpret the Shule River Basin(SRB) land use data for the past 20 years. The analysis was based on the five phases of land use data, multi-year hydrology and water resources basic data, and SRB field surveys and observations, The multi-year hydrology and water resources basic data for the basin and the field surveys and observations results were used to calculate the ecological water demand of the SRB over the past 20 years. The spatial-temporal evolution of ecological water demand and biocapacity in the SRB were also investigated. Over the past 20 years, the total biocapacity of the SRB showed an increasing trend. The ecological water demand of the natural vegetation in the basin also increased significantly. A statistical analysis of watershed biocapacity and ecological water demand showed that biocapacity and overall ecological water demand had increased over the past 20 years. Furthermore, there was also a significant positive correlation between watershed biocapacity and the ecological water demand(0.6076). At the county scale, the correlation between the ecological water demand and biocapacity was significantly positive. In particular, the positive correlations between ecological water demand and the biocapacities of forest and grassland were the strongest, and the goodness of fit(R~2) reached 0.8519 and 0.7235, respectively, which indicated that the ability to explain forest and grassland ecological water demand changes was stronger when there were changes in the biocapacity of forest and grassland and the coupling relationship between the two was closer. Based on spatial hotspot analysis, the hot and cold regions of biocapacity and ecological water demand show similar spatial pattern, which indicates a positive correlation between them on the spatial scale. Furthermore, if the future trend in biocapacity is constrained, the ecological water demand can be optimized and controlled, and the utilization of water resources will improve.
Water is a basic natural resource that all living creatures need to survive and cannot be replaced. Ecological water demand plays an extremely important role in maintaining the balance beween the ecosystem and the sustainability of the biocapacity of river basins, especially arid inland basins. In this study, the basin-and county-scale Shule River Basin Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI remote sensing data(30 m resolution) were used to interpret the Shule River Basin(SRB) land use data for the past 20 years. The analysis was based on the five phases of land use data, multi-year hydrology and water resources basic data, and SRB field surveys and observations, The multi-year hydrology and water resources basic data for the basin and the field surveys and observations results were used to calculate the ecological water demand of the SRB over the past 20 years. The spatial-temporal evolution of ecological water demand and biocapacity in the SRB were also investigated. Over the past 20 years, the total biocapacity of the SRB showed an increasing trend. The ecological water demand of the natural vegetation in the basin also increased significantly. A statistical analysis of watershed biocapacity and ecological water demand showed that biocapacity and overall ecological water demand had increased over the past 20 years. Furthermore, there was also a significant positive correlation between watershed biocapacity and the ecological water demand(0.6076). At the county scale, the correlation between the ecological water demand and biocapacity was significantly positive. In particular, the positive correlations between ecological water demand and the biocapacities of forest and grassland were the strongest, and the goodness of fit(R~2) reached 0.8519 and 0.7235, respectively, which indicated that the ability to explain forest and grassland ecological water demand changes was stronger when there were changes in the biocapacity of forest and grassland and the coupling relationship between the two was closer. Based on spatial hotspot analysis, the hot and cold regions of biocapacity and ecological water demand show similar spatial pattern, which indicates a positive correlation between them on the spatial scale. Furthermore, if the future trend in biocapacity is constrained, the ecological water demand can be optimized and controlled, and the utilization of water resources will improve.
引文
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[7] 黄奕龙,傅伯杰,陈利顶.生态水文过程研究进展.生态学报,2003,23(3):580- 587.
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[9] Lean J,Warrilow D A.Simulation of the regional climatic impact of Amazon deforestation.Nature,1989,342(6248):411- 413.
[10] 康尔泗,陈仁升,张智慧,吉喜斌,金博文.内陆河流域水文过程研究的一些科学问题.地球科学进展,2007,22(9):940- 953.
[11] 赵文智,刘鹄.干旱、半干旱环境降水脉动对生态系统的影响.应用生态学报,2011,22(1):243- 249.
[12] 程国栋,赵传燕,王瑶.内陆河流域森林生态系统生态水文过程研究.地球科学进展,2011,26(11):1125- 1130.
[13] 傅伯杰,陈利顶,马克明,王仰麟.黄土丘陵区小流域土地利用变化对生态环境的影响——以延安市羊圈沟流域为例.地理学报,1999,54(3):241- 246.
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[15] Wang S F,Kang S Z,Zhang L,Li F S.Modelling hydrological response to different land‐use and climate change scenarios in the Zamu River basin of northwest China.Hydrological Processes,2008,22(14):2502- 2510.
[16] Brandes O M,Ferguson K,M′Gonigle M,Sandborn C,Reynolds E.At a Watershed:Ecological Governance and Sustainable Water Management in Canada.Victoria:University of Victoria,2005.
[17] 叶红梅.面向流域生态安全的景观格局演变研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2009.
[18] Bonan G.Ecological Climatology:Concepts and Applications.3rd ed.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2015.
[19] 曾国雄,赵国荣,张伟.疏勒河流域水生态补偿机制探索.中国水利,2015,(20):17- 19,61- 61.
[20] 刘宗平,王明.疏勒河流域水权试点综述.甘肃水利水电技术,2015,51(5):1- 2,25- 25.
[21] 张云亮,曾建军,胡想全,孙栋元,宋增芳.基于土地转移矩阵的疏勒河中游土地利用变化研究.人民长江,2017,48(21):34- 39.
[22] 钱国权.清代以来河西走廊水利开发与生态环境变迁研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2008.
[23] 孙栋元,杨俊,胡想全,金彦兆,张云亮.基于生态保护目标的疏勒河中游绿洲生态环境需水研究.生态学报,2017,37(3):1008- 1020.
[24] 孙栋元,金彦兆,王启优,李文金,胡想全.疏勒河中游绿洲生态环境需水时空变化特征研究.环境科学学报,2016,36(7):2664- 2676.
[25] 马兴华,王桑.甘肃疏勒河流域植被退化与地下水位及矿化度的关系.甘肃林业科技,2005,30(2):53- 54,75- 75.
[26] 王家骥,姚小红,李京荣,常虹,王渊高.黑河流域生态承载力估测.环境科学研究,2000,13(2):44- 48.
[27] Kang P,Xu L Y.The urban ecological regulation based on ecological carrying capacity.Procedia Environmental Sciences,2010,2:1692- 1700.
[28] Ayres R U.Commentary on the utility of the ecological footprint concept.Ecological Economics,2000,32(3):347- 349.
[29] 杜军.基于净初级生产力的石羊河流域生态承载力估算[D].兰州:兰州大学,2012.
[30] 郭建军.流域生态承载力空间尺度效应与优化研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2014.
[31] Liu M C,Zhang D,Min Q W,Xie G D,Su N.The calculation of productivity factor for ecological footprints in China:a methodological note.Ecological Indicators,2014,38:124- 129.
[32] 江宝骅,蓝欣,郑娇玉,郭建军,江帆,岳东霞.石羊河流域中下游绿洲生态承载力时空转移变化.兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2015,51(5):625- 632.
[33] 何永涛,闵庆文,李文华.植被生态需水研究进展及展望.资源科学,2005,27(4):8- 13.
[34] 罗玉峰,毛怡雷,彭世彰,郑强,王卫光,缴锡云,冯跃华.作物生长条件下的阿维里扬诺夫潜水蒸发公式改进.农业工程学报,2013,29(4):102- 109.
[35] 张丽.黑河流域下游生态需水理论与方法研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2004.
[36] 黄鹏飞,王忠静.气候变化对疏勒河中游水循环及生态环境的影响分析.水力发电学报,2014,33(3):88- 97.
[37] 杨秀英,张鑫,蔡焕杰.石羊河流域下游民勤县生态需水量研究.干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(1):169- 173.
[2] Yue D X,Xu X F,Li Z Z,Hui C,Li W L,Yang H Q,Ge J P.Spatiotemporal analysis of ecological footprint and biological capacity of Gansu,China 1991- 2015:down from the environmental cliff.Ecological Economics,2006,58(2):393- 406.
[3] 曾建军.景观格局变化背景下疏勒河流域生态承载力和生态需水研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2018.
[4] Kitzes J,Galli A,Bagliani M,Barrett J,Dige G,Ede S,Erb K,Giljum S,Haberl H,Hails C,Jolia-Ferrier L,Jungwirth S,Lenzen M,Lewis K,Loh J,Marchettini N,Messinger H,Milne K,Moles R,Monfreda C,Moran D,Nakano K,Pyh?l? A,Rees W,Simmons C,Wackernagel M,Wada Y,Walsh C,Wiedmann T.A research agenda for improving national ecological footprint accounts.Ecological Economics,2009,68(7):1991- 2007.
[5] 程国栋,赵传燕.干旱区内陆河流域生态水文综合集成研究.地球科学进展,2008,23(10):1005- 1012.
[6] 陈亚宁,李红卫,徐海量,刘加珍,张宏峰,陈亚鹏.塔里木河下游地下水位对植被的影响.地理学报,2003,58(4):542- 549.
[7] 黄奕龙,傅伯杰,陈利顶.生态水文过程研究进展.生态学报,2003,23(3):580- 587.
[8] 董君明.浅谈植被在生态系统中的作用.生物学通报,1992,(6):19- 19.
[9] Lean J,Warrilow D A.Simulation of the regional climatic impact of Amazon deforestation.Nature,1989,342(6248):411- 413.
[10] 康尔泗,陈仁升,张智慧,吉喜斌,金博文.内陆河流域水文过程研究的一些科学问题.地球科学进展,2007,22(9):940- 953.
[11] 赵文智,刘鹄.干旱、半干旱环境降水脉动对生态系统的影响.应用生态学报,2011,22(1):243- 249.
[12] 程国栋,赵传燕,王瑶.内陆河流域森林生态系统生态水文过程研究.地球科学进展,2011,26(11):1125- 1130.
[13] 傅伯杰,陈利顶,马克明,王仰麟.黄土丘陵区小流域土地利用变化对生态环境的影响——以延安市羊圈沟流域为例.地理学报,1999,54(3):241- 246.
[14] 傅伯杰,陈利顶,马克明,等.景观生态学原理及应用.北京:科学出版社,2001.
[15] Wang S F,Kang S Z,Zhang L,Li F S.Modelling hydrological response to different land‐use and climate change scenarios in the Zamu River basin of northwest China.Hydrological Processes,2008,22(14):2502- 2510.
[16] Brandes O M,Ferguson K,M′Gonigle M,Sandborn C,Reynolds E.At a Watershed:Ecological Governance and Sustainable Water Management in Canada.Victoria:University of Victoria,2005.
[17] 叶红梅.面向流域生态安全的景观格局演变研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2009.
[18] Bonan G.Ecological Climatology:Concepts and Applications.3rd ed.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2015.
[19] 曾国雄,赵国荣,张伟.疏勒河流域水生态补偿机制探索.中国水利,2015,(20):17- 19,61- 61.
[20] 刘宗平,王明.疏勒河流域水权试点综述.甘肃水利水电技术,2015,51(5):1- 2,25- 25.
[21] 张云亮,曾建军,胡想全,孙栋元,宋增芳.基于土地转移矩阵的疏勒河中游土地利用变化研究.人民长江,2017,48(21):34- 39.
[22] 钱国权.清代以来河西走廊水利开发与生态环境变迁研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2008.
[23] 孙栋元,杨俊,胡想全,金彦兆,张云亮.基于生态保护目标的疏勒河中游绿洲生态环境需水研究.生态学报,2017,37(3):1008- 1020.
[24] 孙栋元,金彦兆,王启优,李文金,胡想全.疏勒河中游绿洲生态环境需水时空变化特征研究.环境科学学报,2016,36(7):2664- 2676.
[25] 马兴华,王桑.甘肃疏勒河流域植被退化与地下水位及矿化度的关系.甘肃林业科技,2005,30(2):53- 54,75- 75.
[26] 王家骥,姚小红,李京荣,常虹,王渊高.黑河流域生态承载力估测.环境科学研究,2000,13(2):44- 48.
[27] Kang P,Xu L Y.The urban ecological regulation based on ecological carrying capacity.Procedia Environmental Sciences,2010,2:1692- 1700.
[28] Ayres R U.Commentary on the utility of the ecological footprint concept.Ecological Economics,2000,32(3):347- 349.
[29] 杜军.基于净初级生产力的石羊河流域生态承载力估算[D].兰州:兰州大学,2012.
[30] 郭建军.流域生态承载力空间尺度效应与优化研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2014.
[31] Liu M C,Zhang D,Min Q W,Xie G D,Su N.The calculation of productivity factor for ecological footprints in China:a methodological note.Ecological Indicators,2014,38:124- 129.
[32] 江宝骅,蓝欣,郑娇玉,郭建军,江帆,岳东霞.石羊河流域中下游绿洲生态承载力时空转移变化.兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2015,51(5):625- 632.
[33] 何永涛,闵庆文,李文华.植被生态需水研究进展及展望.资源科学,2005,27(4):8- 13.
[34] 罗玉峰,毛怡雷,彭世彰,郑强,王卫光,缴锡云,冯跃华.作物生长条件下的阿维里扬诺夫潜水蒸发公式改进.农业工程学报,2013,29(4):102- 109.
[35] 张丽.黑河流域下游生态需水理论与方法研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2004.
[36] 黄鹏飞,王忠静.气候变化对疏勒河中游水循环及生态环境的影响分析.水力发电学报,2014,33(3):88- 97.
[37] 杨秀英,张鑫,蔡焕杰.石羊河流域下游民勤县生态需水量研究.干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(1):169- 173.