稻鱼生态系统对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响
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摘要
为研究不同生态综合系统对水稻产量及构成因素的影响,以稻鱼生态系统(RF)为例,选择稻鱼鸡和稻鳅两种模式,加入细绿萍,共设5个处理:稻鱼鸡(A)、稻鱼鸡萍(B)、稻鳅(C)、稻鳅萍(D)、常规稻作(CK),比较不同生态综合系统成熟期水稻干物质重的差异。结果表明,稻鱼生态系统显著提高了水稻产量,平均增产12.13%(6.93%～22.23%),且RF中含萍模式的增产量大于不含萍模式,平均增产4.55%;稻鳅模式的增产量大于稻鱼鸡模式,平均增产31.54%。单株实粒数、有效穗数和结实率呈现不同程度的增加;从成熟期的茎、叶、穗的干物质重来说,稻鱼生态系统高于常规处理,特别是穗重平均提高了13.76%,说明稻鱼生态系统有利于水稻增产增收。
In order to study the effects of different ecological integrated systems on rice yield and components,and to compare the differences of dry matter weight of rice in different ecological integrated systems at maturity stage,taking rice-fish ecosystem(RF) as an example,two models of rice-fish-chicken and rice-loach were selected,and five treatments were added with azolla microphylla.5 treatment are designed as follows: Rice-fish-chicken(A),rice-fish-chicken-azolla(B),rice-loach(C),rice-loach-azolla(D),conventional rice cropping(CK).The results showed that: Rice-fish ecosystem significantly increased rice yield,with an average yield increase of 12.13%(6.93%-22.23%) and the yield increase of the azolla-containing model in RF was greater than that of the azolla-free model,with an average yield increase of 4.55%. The yield increase of rice loach model was greater than that of rice,fish and chicken model,with an average yield increase of 31.54%. The number of grains per plant,effective panicles and seed setting rate increased in varying degrees. In terms of dry matter weight of stems,leaves and panicles at maturity stage,rice-fish ecosystem was higher than conventional treatment,especially panicle weight,which increased by 13.76% on average,indicating that rice-fish ecosystem was conducive to increasing rice yield and income.
In order to study the effects of different ecological integrated systems on rice yield and components,and to compare the differences of dry matter weight of rice in different ecological integrated systems at maturity stage,taking rice-fish ecosystem(RF) as an example,two models of rice-fish-chicken and rice-loach were selected,and five treatments were added with azolla microphylla.5 treatment are designed as follows: Rice-fish-chicken(A),rice-fish-chicken-azolla(B),rice-loach(C),rice-loach-azolla(D),conventional rice cropping(CK).The results showed that: Rice-fish ecosystem significantly increased rice yield,with an average yield increase of 12.13%(6.93%-22.23%) and the yield increase of the azolla-containing model in RF was greater than that of the azolla-free model,with an average yield increase of 4.55%. The yield increase of rice loach model was greater than that of rice,fish and chicken model,with an average yield increase of 31.54%. The number of grains per plant,effective panicles and seed setting rate increased in varying degrees. In terms of dry matter weight of stems,leaves and panicles at maturity stage,rice-fish ecosystem was higher than conventional treatment,especially panicle weight,which increased by 13.76% on average,indicating that rice-fish ecosystem was conducive to increasing rice yield and income.
引文
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[2] 国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[J].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[3] 王一杰,邸菲,辛岭.我国粮食主产区粮食生产现状、存在问题及政策建议[J].农业现代化研究,2018,39(1):37-47.
[4] 陈灿,黄璜,郑华斌,等.稻田不同生态种养模式对稻米品质的影响[J].中国稻米,2015,21(2):17-19.
[5] 张剑,胡亮亮,任伟征,等.稻鱼系统中田鱼对资源的利用及对水稻生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(1):299-307.
[6] 林传政,吕泽林,周远清,等.不同稻鱼共生方式对水稻性状及稻鱼产量的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2015(6):19-21,43.
[7] 周江伟,刘贵斌,黄璜.传统农业文化遗产稻田养鱼进步与创新体系研究[J].湖南农业科学,2017(9):105-109.
[8] 谷婕,吴涛,黄璜,等.我国稻田养鱼经营的发展进程与展望[J].作物研究,2017,31(6):597-601,629.
[9] 刘贵斌,周江伟,王忍,等.垄作稻鱼鸡共生对水稻农艺性状和产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(13):65-67.