三江平原湿地不同利用方式对土壤理化性质及团聚体组成的影响
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摘要
选择三江平原湿地分别垦殖为旱田和水田以及人工林3种利用方式,调查土壤理化性质及团聚体组成的变化。结果表明:不同利用方式下土壤理化性质发生了明显变化。与湿地相比,不同利用方式下土壤水分含量显著降低,而土壤容重显著增加,并且除水田土壤速效磷含量较湿地土壤有所增加外,其他利用方式下全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效磷含量均有不同程度的降低,特别是旱田和人工林利用方式下的降低幅度明显大于水田;不同利用方式下土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性均明显低于湿地,水田利用方式下土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性降低幅度明显小于旱田和人工林;除水田利用方式下土壤酸性磷酸酶活性较湿地有所降低外,旱田和人工林利用方式下土壤酸性磷酸酶活性较湿地无显著变化;不同利用方式下土壤总有机碳、微生物量碳、水溶性碳和易氧化碳含量均较湿地有不同程度的降低,除易氧化碳含量外,旱田和人工林利用方式下土壤总有机碳、微生物量碳和水溶性碳含量的降低幅度均显著大于水田;不同利用方式下土壤机械稳定性团聚体组成也发生了明显的变化,水田和旱田利用方式下土壤平均重量直径(MWD)较湿地均有所降低,特别是旱田土壤MWD降低幅度更为明显,但人工林土壤MWD却较湿地有所增加;不同利用方式会显著影响土壤理化性质及土壤团聚体组成,其中水田利用方式对土壤理化性质、有机碳稳定性和土壤团聚体破坏程度明显低于旱田和人工林;而人工林由于受人为扰动较小,对土壤理化性质及结构的影响程度明显小于旱田。
The aim of this study to clarify the effects of three land use types reclaimed from wetlands in Sanjiang Plain( upland,paddy field and artificial forest) on soil physicochemical properties and aggregate composition. The results showed that soil physicochemical properties significantly differed among different land use types. Compared with wetland,the three land use types significantly decreased soil water content and increased soil bulk density. Compared with wetland soil,soil available P in paddy field increased,while total N,total P,alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P reduced in other land use types. There was a significantly higher reduction in upland and artificial forest than that in paddy field. The activities of soil urease,invertase and catalase under different land use types were significantly lower than those of wetland,with the reduction in paddy fields being significantly lower than that in upland and artificial forest. The activity of soil acid phosphatase in upland and artificial forest showed no significant different with wetland soil,whereas that in paddy field was lower. In addition,the concentrations of total organic C( TOC),microbial biomass C( MBC),dissolved organic C( DOC) and readily oxidized C( ROC) in soil under different land use types was lower than that in wetland soil. The decrease in TOC,MBC,DOC and ROC content was significantly higher in upland and artificial forest than that in paddy field. The soil aggregate composition with mechanical stability changed obviously under different land use types. The mean weight diameter( MWD) of soil in paddy field and upland was lower than that in wetland,with a significant decrease in uplands. However,soil MWD of artificial forest significantly increased compared to wetland. Our results indicated that the different land use types reclaimed from wetland significantly changed the soil physicochemical properties and aggregate composition. The damages of soil physicochemical properties,organic C stability and soil aggregate in paddy field were significantly lower than those in upland and artificial forest. Moreover,the destruction of soil physicochemical properties and structure in artificial forest was significantly lower than that in upland due to limited disturbance.
The aim of this study to clarify the effects of three land use types reclaimed from wetlands in Sanjiang Plain( upland,paddy field and artificial forest) on soil physicochemical properties and aggregate composition. The results showed that soil physicochemical properties significantly differed among different land use types. Compared with wetland,the three land use types significantly decreased soil water content and increased soil bulk density. Compared with wetland soil,soil available P in paddy field increased,while total N,total P,alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P reduced in other land use types. There was a significantly higher reduction in upland and artificial forest than that in paddy field. The activities of soil urease,invertase and catalase under different land use types were significantly lower than those of wetland,with the reduction in paddy fields being significantly lower than that in upland and artificial forest. The activity of soil acid phosphatase in upland and artificial forest showed no significant different with wetland soil,whereas that in paddy field was lower. In addition,the concentrations of total organic C( TOC),microbial biomass C( MBC),dissolved organic C( DOC) and readily oxidized C( ROC) in soil under different land use types was lower than that in wetland soil. The decrease in TOC,MBC,DOC and ROC content was significantly higher in upland and artificial forest than that in paddy field. The soil aggregate composition with mechanical stability changed obviously under different land use types. The mean weight diameter( MWD) of soil in paddy field and upland was lower than that in wetland,with a significant decrease in uplands. However,soil MWD of artificial forest significantly increased compared to wetland. Our results indicated that the different land use types reclaimed from wetland significantly changed the soil physicochemical properties and aggregate composition. The damages of soil physicochemical properties,organic C stability and soil aggregate in paddy field were significantly lower than those in upland and artificial forest. Moreover,the destruction of soil physicochemical properties and structure in artificial forest was significantly lower than that in upland due to limited disturbance.
引文
鲍士旦.2005.土壤农化分析-第三版.北京:中国农业出版社.
曹瑞,吴福忠,杨万勤,等.2016.海拔对高山峡谷区土壤微生物生物量和酶活性的影响.应用生态学报,27(4):1257-1264
常凤来,田昆,莫剑锋,等.2005.不同利用方式对纳帕海高原湿地土壤质量的影响.湿地科学,3(2):132-135.
高会议,郭胜利,刘文兆,等.2010.不同施肥处理对黑垆土各粒级团聚体中有机碳含量分布的影响.土壤学报,47(5):931-938.
关松荫.1986.土壤酶及其研究法.北京:农业出版社.
郭鑫炜,李志远,秦胜金,等.2017.林农复合对沙地樟子松人工林土壤团聚体、有机碳及微生物生物量碳分配的影响.生态学杂志,28(11):44-50.
韩新生,马璠,郭永忠,等.2017.土地利用方式对表层土壤水稳性团聚体的影响.干旱区资源与环境,32(2):114-120.
何冬梅,王磊,冯育青,等.2016.不同土地利用类型对土壤可溶性有机碳的影响.南京林业大学学报,40(6):15-19.
黄华乾,王金叶,凌大炯,等.2013.不同土地利用方式下土壤过氧化氢酶活性与土壤化学性质的关系研究---以雷州半岛为例.西南农业学报,26(6):2412-2416.
孔博,邓伟,陶和平,等.2010.三江平原典型湿地的多尺度人为干扰格局研究.北京林业大学学报,32(2):100-105.
李亚娟,曹广民,龙瑞军,等.2016.三江源区土地利用方式对草地植被生物量及土壤特性的影响.草地学报,24(3):524-529.
林先贵.2010.土壤微生物研究原理与方法.北京:高等教育出版社.
陆梅,田昆,张仕艳,等.2010.不同干扰程度下高原湿地纳帕海土壤酶活性与微生物特征研究.生态环境学报,19(12):783-2788.
彭新华,张斌,赵其国.2003.红壤侵蚀裸地植被恢复及土壤有机碳对团聚体稳定性的影响.生态学报,23(2):2176-2183.
秦胜金,刘景双,王国平,等.2007.三江平原不同土地利用方式下土壤磷形态的变化.环境科学,28(12):2777-2782.
谭秋锦,宋同清,彭晚霞,等.2014.峡谷型喀斯特不同生态系统土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳特征.应用生态学报,25(3):671-678.
王冰冰,曲来叶,宋成军,等.2015.岷江干旱河谷优势灌丛对土壤微生物群落组成的影响.生态学报,35(8):2481-2493.
王丽丽,宋长春,葛瑞娟,等.2009.三江平原湿地不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳储量研究.中国环境科学,29(6):656-660
王树起,韩晓增,乔云发,等.2007.不同土地利用方式对三江平原湿地土壤酶分布特征及相关肥力因子的影响.水土保持学报,21(4):150-153.
肖烨,黄志刚,武海涛,等.2015.三江平原不同湿地类型土壤活性有机碳组分及含量差异.生态学报,35(23):7625-7633.
严昶升.1988.土壤肥力研究法.北京:农业出版社.
杨万勤,王开运.2004.森林土壤酶的研究进展.林业科学,40(2):152-159.
张耀方,赵世伟,李晓晓,等.2015.利用方式对灌淤土团聚体稳定性及有机碳官能团特征的影响.水土保持学报,29(1):169-174.
赵京考,刘作新,韩永俊.2003.土壤团聚体的形成与分散及其在农业生产上的应用.水土保持学报,17(6):163-166.
赵兰坡,姜岩.1986.土壤磷酸酶活性测定方法的探讨.土壤通报,17(3):138-141.
庄正,张芸,张颖,等.2017.不同发育阶段杉木人工林土壤团聚体分布特征及其稳定性研究.水土保持学报,31(6):183-188.
Andreetta A,Huertas AD,Lotti M,et al.2016.Land use changes affecting soil organic carbon storage along a mangrove swamp rice chronosequence in the Cacheu and Oio regions(northern Guinea-Bissau).Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,216:314-321.
Conteh A.1997.Dynamics of organic matter in soil as determined by variations in13C/12C isotopic ratios and fractionation by ease of oxidation.Soil Research,35:881-890.
Dari K,Béchet M,Blondeau R.1995.Isolation of soil Streptomyces,strains capable of degrading humic acids and analysis of their peroxidase activity.FEMS Microbiology Ecology,16:115-121.
Dawit S,Johannes L,James K,et al.2010.Long-term impacts of anthropogenic perturbations on dynamics and speciation of organic carbon in tropical forest and subtropical grassland ecosystems.Global Change Biology,13:511-530.
Eynard A,Schumacher TE,Lindstrom MJ,et al.2005.Effects of agricultural management systems on soil organic carbon in aggregates of Ustolls and Usterts.Soil&Tillage Research,81:253-263.
Gorham E.1991.Northern peatlands:Role in the carbon cycle and probable responses to climate warming.Ecological Applications,1:182-195.
Guggenberger G,Kaiser K.2003.Dissolved organic matter in soil:Challenging the paradigm of sorptive preservation.Geoderma,113:293-310.
Gunapala N,Scow KM.1998.Dynamics of soil microbial biomass and activity in conventional and organic farming systems.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,30:805-816.
Huang JY,Song CC.2010.Effects of land use on soil water soluble organic C and microbial biomass C concentrations in the Sanjiang Plain in northeast China.Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica,Section B:Soil&Plant Science,60:182-188.
Kalbitz K,Solinger S,Park JH,et al.2000.Controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in soils:A review.Soil Science,165:277-304.
Li ZX,Cai CF,Shi ZH,et al.2005.Aggregate stability and its relationship with some chemical properties of red soils in subtropical China.Pedosphere,15:129-136.
Mrabet R.2002.Stratification of soil aggregation and organic matter under conservation tillage systems in Africa.Soil&Tillage Research,66:119-128.
Pinheiro EFM,Pereira MG,Anjos LHC.2004.Aggregate distribution and soil organic matter under different tillage systems for vegetable crops in a Red Latosol from Brazil.Soil&Tillage Research,77:79-84.
Pirmoradian N,Sepaskhah AR,Hajabbasi MA.2005.Application of fractal theory to quantify soil aggregate stability as influenced by tillage treatments.Biosystems Engineering,90:227-234.
Puget P,Chenu C,Balesdent J.2000.Dynamics of soil organic matter associated with particle-size fractions of water-stable aggregates.European Journal of Soil Science,51:595-605.
Roy A,Singh KP.2003.Dynamics of microbial biomass and nitrogen supply during primary succession on blastfurnace slag dumps in dry tropics.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,35:365-372.
Smolander A,Kitunen V.2002.Soil microbial activities and characteristics of dissolved organic C and N in relation to tree species.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,34:651-660.
Sonnleitner R,Lorbeer E,Schinner F.2003.Effects of straw,vegetable oil and whey on physical and microbiological properties of a chernozem.Applied Soil Ecology,22:195-204
Sui X,Zhang RT,Yang LB,et al.2015.Effects of long-term elevated CO2fumigation on microbial communities in a wetland soil.Journal of Residuals Science&Technology,12:93-96.
Tisdall JM,Oades JM.1982.Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in soils.Journal of Soil Science,33:141-163.
van Bavel CHM.1949.Mean weight-diameter of soil aggregates as a statistical index of aggregation.Soil Science Society of America Journal,14:20-23.
Wang FL,Bettany JR.1993.Influence of freeze-thaw and flooding on the loss of soluble organic carbon and carbon dioxide from soil.Journal of Environmental Quality,22:709-714.
Wang JF,Sui X,Zhang RT,et al.2017.Effects of different land use on soil bacterial functional diversity in Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China.Journal of Residuals Science&Technology,14:91-98.
Wu JG,Zhang XQ,Xu DY.2004.Changes in soil labile organic carbon under different land use in the Liupan Mountain forest zone.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,28:657-664.
Zhang HH,Zhang SY,Meng XXY,et al.2018.The composition variations of soil fungal communities from natural wetlands to forestland and farmland in Sanjiang Plain,northeast China.Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment,32:951-960.
曹瑞,吴福忠,杨万勤,等.2016.海拔对高山峡谷区土壤微生物生物量和酶活性的影响.应用生态学报,27(4):1257-1264
常凤来,田昆,莫剑锋,等.2005.不同利用方式对纳帕海高原湿地土壤质量的影响.湿地科学,3(2):132-135.
高会议,郭胜利,刘文兆,等.2010.不同施肥处理对黑垆土各粒级团聚体中有机碳含量分布的影响.土壤学报,47(5):931-938.
关松荫.1986.土壤酶及其研究法.北京:农业出版社.
郭鑫炜,李志远,秦胜金,等.2017.林农复合对沙地樟子松人工林土壤团聚体、有机碳及微生物生物量碳分配的影响.生态学杂志,28(11):44-50.
韩新生,马璠,郭永忠,等.2017.土地利用方式对表层土壤水稳性团聚体的影响.干旱区资源与环境,32(2):114-120.
何冬梅,王磊,冯育青,等.2016.不同土地利用类型对土壤可溶性有机碳的影响.南京林业大学学报,40(6):15-19.
黄华乾,王金叶,凌大炯,等.2013.不同土地利用方式下土壤过氧化氢酶活性与土壤化学性质的关系研究---以雷州半岛为例.西南农业学报,26(6):2412-2416.
孔博,邓伟,陶和平,等.2010.三江平原典型湿地的多尺度人为干扰格局研究.北京林业大学学报,32(2):100-105.
李亚娟,曹广民,龙瑞军,等.2016.三江源区土地利用方式对草地植被生物量及土壤特性的影响.草地学报,24(3):524-529.
林先贵.2010.土壤微生物研究原理与方法.北京:高等教育出版社.
陆梅,田昆,张仕艳,等.2010.不同干扰程度下高原湿地纳帕海土壤酶活性与微生物特征研究.生态环境学报,19(12):783-2788.
彭新华,张斌,赵其国.2003.红壤侵蚀裸地植被恢复及土壤有机碳对团聚体稳定性的影响.生态学报,23(2):2176-2183.
秦胜金,刘景双,王国平,等.2007.三江平原不同土地利用方式下土壤磷形态的变化.环境科学,28(12):2777-2782.
谭秋锦,宋同清,彭晚霞,等.2014.峡谷型喀斯特不同生态系统土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳特征.应用生态学报,25(3):671-678.
王冰冰,曲来叶,宋成军,等.2015.岷江干旱河谷优势灌丛对土壤微生物群落组成的影响.生态学报,35(8):2481-2493.
王丽丽,宋长春,葛瑞娟,等.2009.三江平原湿地不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳储量研究.中国环境科学,29(6):656-660
王树起,韩晓增,乔云发,等.2007.不同土地利用方式对三江平原湿地土壤酶分布特征及相关肥力因子的影响.水土保持学报,21(4):150-153.
肖烨,黄志刚,武海涛,等.2015.三江平原不同湿地类型土壤活性有机碳组分及含量差异.生态学报,35(23):7625-7633.
严昶升.1988.土壤肥力研究法.北京:农业出版社.
杨万勤,王开运.2004.森林土壤酶的研究进展.林业科学,40(2):152-159.
张耀方,赵世伟,李晓晓,等.2015.利用方式对灌淤土团聚体稳定性及有机碳官能团特征的影响.水土保持学报,29(1):169-174.
赵京考,刘作新,韩永俊.2003.土壤团聚体的形成与分散及其在农业生产上的应用.水土保持学报,17(6):163-166.
赵兰坡,姜岩.1986.土壤磷酸酶活性测定方法的探讨.土壤通报,17(3):138-141.
庄正,张芸,张颖,等.2017.不同发育阶段杉木人工林土壤团聚体分布特征及其稳定性研究.水土保持学报,31(6):183-188.
Andreetta A,Huertas AD,Lotti M,et al.2016.Land use changes affecting soil organic carbon storage along a mangrove swamp rice chronosequence in the Cacheu and Oio regions(northern Guinea-Bissau).Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,216:314-321.
Conteh A.1997.Dynamics of organic matter in soil as determined by variations in13C/12C isotopic ratios and fractionation by ease of oxidation.Soil Research,35:881-890.
Dari K,Béchet M,Blondeau R.1995.Isolation of soil Streptomyces,strains capable of degrading humic acids and analysis of their peroxidase activity.FEMS Microbiology Ecology,16:115-121.
Dawit S,Johannes L,James K,et al.2010.Long-term impacts of anthropogenic perturbations on dynamics and speciation of organic carbon in tropical forest and subtropical grassland ecosystems.Global Change Biology,13:511-530.
Eynard A,Schumacher TE,Lindstrom MJ,et al.2005.Effects of agricultural management systems on soil organic carbon in aggregates of Ustolls and Usterts.Soil&Tillage Research,81:253-263.
Gorham E.1991.Northern peatlands:Role in the carbon cycle and probable responses to climate warming.Ecological Applications,1:182-195.
Guggenberger G,Kaiser K.2003.Dissolved organic matter in soil:Challenging the paradigm of sorptive preservation.Geoderma,113:293-310.
Gunapala N,Scow KM.1998.Dynamics of soil microbial biomass and activity in conventional and organic farming systems.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,30:805-816.
Huang JY,Song CC.2010.Effects of land use on soil water soluble organic C and microbial biomass C concentrations in the Sanjiang Plain in northeast China.Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica,Section B:Soil&Plant Science,60:182-188.
Kalbitz K,Solinger S,Park JH,et al.2000.Controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in soils:A review.Soil Science,165:277-304.
Li ZX,Cai CF,Shi ZH,et al.2005.Aggregate stability and its relationship with some chemical properties of red soils in subtropical China.Pedosphere,15:129-136.
Mrabet R.2002.Stratification of soil aggregation and organic matter under conservation tillage systems in Africa.Soil&Tillage Research,66:119-128.
Pinheiro EFM,Pereira MG,Anjos LHC.2004.Aggregate distribution and soil organic matter under different tillage systems for vegetable crops in a Red Latosol from Brazil.Soil&Tillage Research,77:79-84.
Pirmoradian N,Sepaskhah AR,Hajabbasi MA.2005.Application of fractal theory to quantify soil aggregate stability as influenced by tillage treatments.Biosystems Engineering,90:227-234.
Puget P,Chenu C,Balesdent J.2000.Dynamics of soil organic matter associated with particle-size fractions of water-stable aggregates.European Journal of Soil Science,51:595-605.
Roy A,Singh KP.2003.Dynamics of microbial biomass and nitrogen supply during primary succession on blastfurnace slag dumps in dry tropics.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,35:365-372.
Smolander A,Kitunen V.2002.Soil microbial activities and characteristics of dissolved organic C and N in relation to tree species.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,34:651-660.
Sonnleitner R,Lorbeer E,Schinner F.2003.Effects of straw,vegetable oil and whey on physical and microbiological properties of a chernozem.Applied Soil Ecology,22:195-204
Sui X,Zhang RT,Yang LB,et al.2015.Effects of long-term elevated CO2fumigation on microbial communities in a wetland soil.Journal of Residuals Science&Technology,12:93-96.
Tisdall JM,Oades JM.1982.Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in soils.Journal of Soil Science,33:141-163.
van Bavel CHM.1949.Mean weight-diameter of soil aggregates as a statistical index of aggregation.Soil Science Society of America Journal,14:20-23.
Wang FL,Bettany JR.1993.Influence of freeze-thaw and flooding on the loss of soluble organic carbon and carbon dioxide from soil.Journal of Environmental Quality,22:709-714.
Wang JF,Sui X,Zhang RT,et al.2017.Effects of different land use on soil bacterial functional diversity in Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China.Journal of Residuals Science&Technology,14:91-98.
Wu JG,Zhang XQ,Xu DY.2004.Changes in soil labile organic carbon under different land use in the Liupan Mountain forest zone.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,28:657-664.
Zhang HH,Zhang SY,Meng XXY,et al.2018.The composition variations of soil fungal communities from natural wetlands to forestland and farmland in Sanjiang Plain,northeast China.Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment,32:951-960.