桃小食心虫在苹果免套袋果园发生动态及双酰胺类杀虫剂的防治效果
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摘要
【目的】研究免套袋苹果园中桃小食心虫(Carposina sasakii Matsumura)成虫发生动态,探讨双酰胺类杀虫剂对桃小食心虫的防治效果。【方法】2017—2018年,在山东威海文登区免套袋栽培苹果园中,采用性诱剂诱捕器对桃小食心虫的种群动态进行系统监测。2018年系统调查桃小食心虫的蛀果率和脱果率,以高效氯氰菊酯为对照,研究了氯虫苯甲酰胺、溴氰虫酰胺和四唑虫酰胺对桃小食心虫的田间防效。【结果】桃小食心虫在威海一年发生2代,越冬代高峰期在6月下旬至7月上旬,第一代高峰期在8月下旬至9月上旬,幼虫蛀果高峰期在7月,最高蛀果率为44.4%,幼虫脱果高峰期在8月,最高脱果率为26.4%。氯虫苯甲酰胺50 mg·kg~(-1)、溴氰虫酰胺30 mg·kg~(-1)和四唑虫酰胺40 mg·kg~(-1)对桃小食心虫的幼虫蛀果防治效果低于高效氯氰菊酯22.5 mg·kg~(-1),但幼虫脱果防治效果与高效氯氰菊酯相近。【结论】在免套袋栽培苹果园中,可轮换使用双酰胺类杀虫剂和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂,以保证对桃小食心虫的防治效果。
【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the pattern of the population occurrence of Carposina sasakii Matsumura adults, and explore the control effects of diamide insecticides against C. sasakii Matsumura in apple orchards without fruit bagging.【Methods】The experiment was conducted in an apple orchard located in Wendeng, Weihai, Shandong Province from 2017 to 2018. The population dynamics of C. sasakii Matsumura was monitored with sex pheromone traps, and the rate of damaged fruit and exiting rate caused by C. sasakii Matsumura larva were investigated during the occurrence period of C. sasakii Matsumura adults from May to October in 2018. Field efficacy of diamide insecticides such as chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and tetraniliprole against C. sasakii Matsumura were investigated before and during the emergence peak of overwintering adults(June 23 and July 7), using beta-cypermethrin as the control.【Results】In Wendeng Weihai, there were 2 generations of C. sasakii Matsumura which emerged from late May to early September in the orchard mainly from June to September in 2017 and 2018. The dynamic pattern of C. sasakii Matsumura adults was basically similar in the two years, with slight difference in the initial and final adult occurrence dates. The initial occurrence date in 2017 was May 26, 5 days earlier than in 2018; the final occurrence date in 2018 was September22, 10 days later than in 2017. In 2018, the total number of C. sasakii Matsumura adults caught by each sexual pheromone trap was 1015, which was significantly higher(p < 0.05) than that in 2017(399.5).The period of C. sasakii Matsumura larva boring fruit mainly occurred from early June to early October with 5 boring peaks occurring in the field on June 18, July 12, July 30, August 23 and September 10.The highest boring rate of 44.4% occurred in July. The larva exiting from the fruit mainly occurred from early July to early October, and 5 peaks of larva exiting from the fruit occurred on July 18, August11 and August 29, September 16 and October 4, with the highest larva exiting rate of 26.4% occurring in August. In 2018, the dynamic patterns of C. sasakii Matsumura larva boring and exiting from the fruit in the apple orchard were basically the similar, but larva exiting the from fruit occurred 24 to 30 days later than the larva boring the fruit. Before 2018 August, the fruit boring rate of C. sasakii Matsumura larva in the field maintained high but decreased significantly after August, while the rate of larva exiting from the fruit in the field increased gradually from July and reached the peak in August. In general, the rate of larva exiting from the fruit throughout the year(53.6%) was lower than the rate of larva boring the fruit(80.9%). The diamide insecticides(chloramphenicol, cyanamide and tetrazolamide) showed control effect on C. sasakii Matsumura. The field efficacy of 35% chlorantraniliprole WG at 50 mg·kg~(-1), 10% cyantraniliprole OD at 30 mg·kg~(-1) and 200 g·L-1 tetraniliprole SC at 40 mg · kg~(-1) for controlling larva boring the fruit were 81.01% to 85.85% and 72.89% to 86.33% on the 7 th day and the 14 th day after spraying before the emergence peak of overwintering adults(June 23), respectively,with no significant difference among the two days, but they had a significantly lower efficacy than 4.5%beta-valerate at 22.5 mg · kg~(-1)(99.28% and 97.44%, respectively). The field efficacy was 81.88% ～89.87% and 78.36% to 80.29% on 7 th day and 14 th day after spraying at the emergence peak of overwintering adults(July 7), respectively, with no significant difference among the days, but still the efficacy was significantly lower than that of 4.5% beta-valerate at 22.5 mg · kg~(-1)(90.77% and 89.91%, respectively). Moreover, the field efficacy of 35% chlorantraniliprole WG at 50 mg · kg~(-1), 10% cyantraniliprole OD at 30 mg · kg~(-1), and 200 g · L-1 tetraniliprole SC at 40 mg · kg~(-1) for larva exiting from the fruit were81.10% to 91.91% on the 35 th day and 38 th day after spraying, with no significant difference between the three diamide insecticides and beta-cypermethrin.【Conclusion】In conclusion, the population dynamic patterns of C. sasakii Matsumura adults in 2017 and 2018 were basically similar, but the initial and final occurrence dates were different between the two years in the apple orchard without fruit bagging,and the annual rate of C. sasakii Matsumura larva exiting from the fruit was lower than the annual rate of larva boring the fruit. Although the control effect of the diamide insecticides on larva boring fruit was lower than that of beta-cypermethrin, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and tetraniliprole performed well in the control of C. sasakii Matsumura. Therefore, it is suggested that chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and tetraniliprole can be used as the alternative insecticides to beta-cypermethrin in the control of C. sasakii Matsumura.
【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the pattern of the population occurrence of Carposina sasakii Matsumura adults, and explore the control effects of diamide insecticides against C. sasakii Matsumura in apple orchards without fruit bagging.【Methods】The experiment was conducted in an apple orchard located in Wendeng, Weihai, Shandong Province from 2017 to 2018. The population dynamics of C. sasakii Matsumura was monitored with sex pheromone traps, and the rate of damaged fruit and exiting rate caused by C. sasakii Matsumura larva were investigated during the occurrence period of C. sasakii Matsumura adults from May to October in 2018. Field efficacy of diamide insecticides such as chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and tetraniliprole against C. sasakii Matsumura were investigated before and during the emergence peak of overwintering adults(June 23 and July 7), using beta-cypermethrin as the control.【Results】In Wendeng Weihai, there were 2 generations of C. sasakii Matsumura which emerged from late May to early September in the orchard mainly from June to September in 2017 and 2018. The dynamic pattern of C. sasakii Matsumura adults was basically similar in the two years, with slight difference in the initial and final adult occurrence dates. The initial occurrence date in 2017 was May 26, 5 days earlier than in 2018; the final occurrence date in 2018 was September22, 10 days later than in 2017. In 2018, the total number of C. sasakii Matsumura adults caught by each sexual pheromone trap was 1015, which was significantly higher(p < 0.05) than that in 2017(399.5).The period of C. sasakii Matsumura larva boring fruit mainly occurred from early June to early October with 5 boring peaks occurring in the field on June 18, July 12, July 30, August 23 and September 10.The highest boring rate of 44.4% occurred in July. The larva exiting from the fruit mainly occurred from early July to early October, and 5 peaks of larva exiting from the fruit occurred on July 18, August11 and August 29, September 16 and October 4, with the highest larva exiting rate of 26.4% occurring in August. In 2018, the dynamic patterns of C. sasakii Matsumura larva boring and exiting from the fruit in the apple orchard were basically the similar, but larva exiting the from fruit occurred 24 to 30 days later than the larva boring the fruit. Before 2018 August, the fruit boring rate of C. sasakii Matsumura larva in the field maintained high but decreased significantly after August, while the rate of larva exiting from the fruit in the field increased gradually from July and reached the peak in August. In general, the rate of larva exiting from the fruit throughout the year(53.6%) was lower than the rate of larva boring the fruit(80.9%). The diamide insecticides(chloramphenicol, cyanamide and tetrazolamide) showed control effect on C. sasakii Matsumura. The field efficacy of 35% chlorantraniliprole WG at 50 mg·kg~(-1), 10% cyantraniliprole OD at 30 mg·kg~(-1) and 200 g·L-1 tetraniliprole SC at 40 mg · kg~(-1) for controlling larva boring the fruit were 81.01% to 85.85% and 72.89% to 86.33% on the 7 th day and the 14 th day after spraying before the emergence peak of overwintering adults(June 23), respectively,with no significant difference among the two days, but they had a significantly lower efficacy than 4.5%beta-valerate at 22.5 mg · kg~(-1)(99.28% and 97.44%, respectively). The field efficacy was 81.88% ～89.87% and 78.36% to 80.29% on 7 th day and 14 th day after spraying at the emergence peak of overwintering adults(July 7), respectively, with no significant difference among the days, but still the efficacy was significantly lower than that of 4.5% beta-valerate at 22.5 mg · kg~(-1)(90.77% and 89.91%, respectively). Moreover, the field efficacy of 35% chlorantraniliprole WG at 50 mg · kg~(-1), 10% cyantraniliprole OD at 30 mg · kg~(-1), and 200 g · L-1 tetraniliprole SC at 40 mg · kg~(-1) for larva exiting from the fruit were81.10% to 91.91% on the 35 th day and 38 th day after spraying, with no significant difference between the three diamide insecticides and beta-cypermethrin.【Conclusion】In conclusion, the population dynamic patterns of C. sasakii Matsumura adults in 2017 and 2018 were basically similar, but the initial and final occurrence dates were different between the two years in the apple orchard without fruit bagging,and the annual rate of C. sasakii Matsumura larva exiting from the fruit was lower than the annual rate of larva boring the fruit. Although the control effect of the diamide insecticides on larva boring fruit was lower than that of beta-cypermethrin, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and tetraniliprole performed well in the control of C. sasakii Matsumura. Therefore, it is suggested that chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and tetraniliprole can be used as the alternative insecticides to beta-cypermethrin in the control of C. sasakii Matsumura.
引文
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[2]翟浩,王金政,王贵平,薛晓敏,张勇,李晓军.苹果不套袋栽培模式下桃小食心虫发生动态及性信息素诱杀防治效果[J].核农学报,2018,32(3):617-623.ZHAI Hao,WANG Jinzheng,WANG Guiping,XUE Xiaomin,ZHANG Yong,LI Xiaojun.Population dynamics of Carposina sasakii Matsumura and control effects of sexual pheromone trap in the cultivation pattern without bagged[J].Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica,2018,32(3):617-623.
[3]翟浩,王贵平,薛晓敏,李晓军,王金政.苹果无袋栽培条件下桃小食心虫的绿色防控技术[J].落叶果树,2018,50(1):39-40.ZHAI Hao,WANG Guiping,XUE Xiaomin,LI Xiaojun,WANG Jinzheng.Green prevention and control technology of Carposina sasakii Matsumura under the cultivation condition without bagging[J].Deciduous Fruits,2018,50(1):39-40.
[4]杜家纬.昆虫信息素及其应用[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1988:169-171.DU Jiawei.Insect pheromones and their applications[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,1988:169-171.
[5]PITCAIRN M J,ZALOM F G,BENTLEY W J.Weather factors influencing capture of Cydia pomonella in pheromone traps during overwintering flight in California[J].Environmental Entomology,1990,19(5):1253-1258.
[6]NCNALLY P S,BARNES M M.Interactions between pheromone traps with different strength lures for the pine beauty moth,Panolis flammea[J].Environmental Entomology,1981,10(1):22-26.
[7]全林发,仇贵生,孙丽娜,李艳艳,闫文涛,岳强,张怀江.高效氯氰菊酯亚致死浓度对桃小食心虫生物学特性的影响[J].昆虫学报,2017,60(7):799-808.Quan Linfa,QIU Guisheng,SUN Lina,LI Yanyan,YAN Wentao,YUE Qaing,ZHANG Huaijiang.Effects of sublethal concentrations of beta-cypermethrin on the biologicalcharacteristics of Carposina sasakii(Lepidoptera:Carposinidae)[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2017,60(7):799-808.
[8]LAWRENCE L J,CASIDA J E.Pyrethroid toxicology:mouse intracerebral structure-toxicity relationships[J].Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,1982,18(1):9-14.
[9]VAIS H,ATKINSON S,PLUTEANU F,GOODSON S J,DEV-ONSHIRE A L,WILLIAMSON M S,USHERWOOD P N.Mutations of the para sodium channel of drosophila melanogaster identify putative binding sites for pyrethroids[J].Molecular Pharmacology,2003,64(4):914-922.
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