五指山地区海南苏铁种群结构特征与动态
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摘要
海南苏铁是海南岛特有种和国家I级重点保护植物,对研究热带植物区系具有重要意义。受生境缺失及人为干扰等因素影响,海南苏铁在海南岛的种群数量呈缩减态势。采用种群年龄结构、静态生命表、存活曲线及种群动态量化分析等方法,对五指山地区不同生境下的海南苏铁种群进行了研究。结果表明:1)研究样地内的海南苏铁为稳定种群,低龄级和中龄级个体数占有一定的优势,但不同样地种群年龄结构存在一定的差异。2)静态生命表结果显示,3个样地整体上表现出随着龄级的增加高龄级个体数量减少的趋势,但样地A和样地B在幼龄级时有大量的个体数死亡。研究区内海南苏铁的存活曲线更趋近于Deevey-II型。3)种群动态量化分析结果表明,海南苏铁为低增长型的稳定种群,而样地A和样地B种群对外界干扰的敏感性要明显强于样地C。整体而言,五指山地区的海南苏铁种群当前仍处于一种稳定的状态。
Cycas hainanensis C. J. Chen is one of endemic species in Hainan Island and first-class national protected wild plants in China, which has important implications for studies of tropical flora. C. hainanensis is suffering a population decline due to habitat loss and man-made disturbance. Based on the methods of population age class, stationary life table, survival curve and dynamic indices, the quantitative characteristics and dynamic trend of C. hainanensis population at different plots in Wuzhi Mountains were studied. The results show that 1) the population of C. hainanensis was stable according to the age class, which mean individuals of seedlings and mid-age trees were more than elder trees. However, there were some differences in age structure between different populations. 2) It was indicated by the stationary life table that the individuals of population were decreasing with age. At the same time, many seedlings were loss in plot A and plot B. The survival curve of C. hainanensis population mainly belonged to Deevey-II type in study area. 3) In light of the results of dynamic indices, it also implied that the characteristic of C. hainanensis was a stable population. Whereas, the population of plot A and plot B were more sensitive to environmental disturbance than plot C. It is concluded that the population of C. hainanensis distributed in Wuzhi Mountains is still stable and current levels of recruitment are enough to maintain this population of long-lived trees.
Cycas hainanensis C. J. Chen is one of endemic species in Hainan Island and first-class national protected wild plants in China, which has important implications for studies of tropical flora. C. hainanensis is suffering a population decline due to habitat loss and man-made disturbance. Based on the methods of population age class, stationary life table, survival curve and dynamic indices, the quantitative characteristics and dynamic trend of C. hainanensis population at different plots in Wuzhi Mountains were studied. The results show that 1) the population of C. hainanensis was stable according to the age class, which mean individuals of seedlings and mid-age trees were more than elder trees. However, there were some differences in age structure between different populations. 2) It was indicated by the stationary life table that the individuals of population were decreasing with age. At the same time, many seedlings were loss in plot A and plot B. The survival curve of C. hainanensis population mainly belonged to Deevey-II type in study area. 3) In light of the results of dynamic indices, it also implied that the characteristic of C. hainanensis was a stable population. Whereas, the population of plot A and plot B were more sensitive to environmental disturbance than plot C. It is concluded that the population of C. hainanensis distributed in Wuzhi Mountains is still stable and current levels of recruitment are enough to maintain this population of long-lived trees.
引文
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[35]王立龙,王亮,张丽芳,等.不同生境下濒危植物裸果木种群结构及动态特征[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(10):980-989.
[36]解婷婷,苏培玺,周紫鹃,等.荒漠绿洲过渡带沙拐枣种群结构及动态特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(15):4272-4279.
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[43]WIEGAND K,WARD D,THULKE H H,et al.From snapshot information to long-term population dynamics of Acacias by a simulation model[J].Plant Ecology,2000,150(1-2):97-114.
[44]VENTER S M,WITKOWSKI E T F.Baobab(Adansonia digitata L.)density,size-class distribution and population trends between four land-use types in northern Venda,South Africa[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2010,259(3):294-300.
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[46]TRAORéL,SOP T K,DAYAMBA S D,et al.Do protected areas really work to conserve species?A case study of three vulnerable woody species in the Sudanian zone of Burkina Faso[J].Environment Development&Sustainabili ty,2013,15(3):663-686.
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[3]王青青,陆亦农,于瑞德,等.准噶尔盆地西南缘艾比湖桦种群年龄结构及动态[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(3):192-197.
[4]BELL D M,BRADFORD J B,LAUENROTH W K.Early indicators of change:divergent climate envelopes between tree life stages imply range shifts in the western United States[J].Global Ecology and Biogeography,2014,23(2):168-180.
[5]NORMAND S,ZIMMERMANN N E,SCHURR F M,et al.Demography as the basis for understanding and predicting range dynamics[J].Ecography,2014,37(12):1149-1154.
[6]DOLANC C R,THORNE J H,SAFFORD H D.Widespread shifts in the demographic structure of subalpine forests in the Sierra Nevada,California,1934 to 2007[J].Global Ecology and Biogeography,2013,22(3):264-276.
[7]李肇晨,陈永富,洪小江,等.海南霸王岭陆均松种群年龄结构与点格局分布特征[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(6):1507-1515.
[8]HEGAZY A K,HAMMOUDA O,LOVETT-DOUST J,et al.Population dynamics of Moringa peregrina along altitudinal gradient in the northwestern sector of the Red Sea[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2008,72(9):1537-1551.
[9]ASCHERO V,MORRISW F,VáZQUEZD P,etal Demography and population growth rate of the tree Prosopis flexuosa,with contrasting grazing regimes in the Central Monte Desert[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2016,369:184-190.
[10]蒋迎红,项文化,何应会,等.极小种群海南风吹楠种群的数量特征及动态[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(8):66-71.
[11]池翔,郑维列,郭其强,等.藏柏种群年龄结构数量动态分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(12):114-119.
[12]骆文华,唐文秀,黄仕训,等.珍稀濒危植物德保苏铁迁地保护研究[J].浙江农林大学学报,2014,31(5):812-816.
[13]沈成才.台东苏铁中RNA不同提取方法的比较[J].生物学通报,2017,52(3):51-53.
[14]MARLER T,HIRSH H.Guam’s Cycas micronesica populations ravaged by Supertyphoon Paka[J].Hort Science,1998,33:1116-1118.
[15]RAO J P,KUMAR M R,RAO V S R,et al.New population of Cycas spheric Roxb.(Cycadaceae)discovered in Pinjarikonda Reserve Forest,Andhra Pradesh,India[J].Journal of Threatened Taxa,2014,6(6):5871-5874.
[16]OCTAVIO-A GUIL A R P,RIVERA-F E R NáN D E Z A,IGLESIAS-ANDREU L G,et al.Extinction risk of Zamia inermis:a demographic study in its single natural population[J].Biodiversity and conservation,2017,26(4):787-800.
[17]汪殿蓓,暨淑仪,陈飞鹏,等.仙湖苏铁种群年龄判断及年龄结构特征[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(3):476-480.
[18]BORSBOOM A C,WANG J,FORSTER P I.Determining maturity and population structure in Macrozamia parcifolia(Zamiaceae),a threatened Australian cycad[J].Australian Journal of Botany,2015,63(5):392-402.
[19]何永华,王乾.攀枝花苏铁的生物学特性,树干解剖和生长模式[J].植物学报,1995,37(6):443-451.
[20]田波,龚洵,张启泰,等.潭清苏铁的生境,种群结构与动态的研究[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(1):133-137.
[21]黄应锋,廖绍波,陈勇,等.深圳梅林仙湖苏铁的种群特征与保护研究[J].林业科学研究,2013,26(5):668-672.
[22]曾辉,陈勇,杜凡.澜沧江中下游篦齿苏铁种群结构及其保护对策[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(25):15416-15419.
[23]李娟,林建勇,何应会,等.广西崇左叉叶苏铁种群结构与分布格局研究[J].广东农业科学,2016,43(12):25-29.
[24]赖阳均,余志祥,刘冰.困境中的攀枝花苏铁[J].森林与人类,2011(5):62-69.
[25]WANG Z F,YE W H,CAO H L,et al.Identification and characterization of EST-SSRs and cpSSRs in endangered Cycas hainanensis[J].Conservation genetics,2008,9(4):1079-1081.
[26]GRIFFITH M P,MAGELLAN T M,TOMLINSON P B.Variation in leaflet structure in Cycas(Cycadales:Cycadaceae):Does anatomy follow phylogeny and geography?[J].International Journal of Plant Sciences,2014,175(2):241-255.
[27]FROST I,RYDIN H.Spatial pattern and size distribution of the animal-dispersed tree Quercus robur in two spruce-dominated forests[J].Ecoscience,2000,7(1):38-44.
[28]RUPRECHT H,DHAR A,AIGNER B,et al.Structural diversity of English yew(Taxus baccata L.)populations[J].European Journal of Forest Research,2010,129(2):189-198.
[29]SAIKIA P,KHAN M L.Population structure and regeneration status of Aquilaria malaccensis Lam.in homegardens of upper Assam,NE India[J].Tropical Ecology,2012,54(1):1-13.
[30]滕毅,张青,亢新刚,等.长白山臭冷杉种群结构与动态[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(3):49-56.
[31]SILVA M M,DE PAIVA FARIAS R,DA COSTA L E N,et al.Population structure of the endangered tree fern Cyathea praecincta(Cyatheaceae),endemic of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest[J].Iheringia.Série Botanica.,2017,72(3):420-423.
[32]WATKINSON A R,POWELL J C.The life history and population structure of Cycas armstrongii in monsoonal northern Australia[J].Oecologia,1997,111(3):341-349.
[33]Yá?EZ-ESPINOSA L,SOSA-SOSA F.Population structure of Dioon purpusii Rose in Oaxaca,Mexico[J].Neotropical Biology and Conservation,2007,2(1):46-54.
[34]金慧,赵莹,尹航,等.长白山濒危植物牛皮杜鹃(Rhododendron chrysanthum)种群数量特征与动态分析[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(11):3123-3130.
[35]王立龙,王亮,张丽芳,等.不同生境下濒危植物裸果木种群结构及动态特征[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(10):980-989.
[36]解婷婷,苏培玺,周紫鹃,等.荒漠绿洲过渡带沙拐枣种群结构及动态特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(15):4272-4279.
[37]陈晓德.植物种群与群落动态量化分析方法研究[J].生态学报,1998,18(2):214-217.
[38]张婕,上官铁梁,段毅豪,等.灵空山辽东栎种群年龄结构与动态[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(11):3125-3130.
[39]黄雅昆,王得祥,张洪武,等.秦岭佛坪自然保护区短柄枹栎种群的数量特征[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(3):594-600.
[40]HETT J M,LOUCKS O L.Age Structure Models of Balsam Fir and Eastern Hemlock[J].Journal of Ecology,1976,64(3):1029-1044.
[41]OBIRI J,LAWES M,MUKOLWE M.The dynamics and sustainable use of high-value tree species of the coastal Pondoland forests of the Eastern Cape Province,South Africa[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2002,166(1-3):131-148.
[42]MARTINSA RO,SHACKLEON CM.Abundance,population structure and harvesting selection of two palm species(Hyphaene coriacea and Phoenix reclinata)in Zitundo area,southern Mozambique[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2017,398:64-74.
[43]WIEGAND K,WARD D,THULKE H H,et al.From snapshot information to long-term population dynamics of Acacias by a simulation model[J].Plant Ecology,2000,150(1-2):97-114.
[44]VENTER S M,WITKOWSKI E T F.Baobab(Adansonia digitata L.)density,size-class distribution and population trends between four land-use types in northern Venda,South Africa[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2010,259(3):294-300.
[45]SHACKLETON C M,GUTHRIE G,MAIN R.Estimating the potential role of commercial over-harvesting in resource viability:a case study of five useful tree species in South Africa[J].Land Degradation&Development,2010,16(3):273-286.
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