粮食主产区种植业碳功能测算与时空变化规律研究
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摘要
根据生命周期评价思想与碳足迹原理,以8种农作物排放的CO_2、CH_4与N_2O为对象,利用1991—2016年粮食主产区农业投入产出省级数据,测算了种植业的碳足迹。结果显示:(1)主产区碳排放总量增加38.08%,各排放源占比由大到小排序依次为水稻种植(36.76%)、农业投入(33.42%)、秸秆燃烧(17.94%)和农田氮肥施用(11.88%);(2)碳汇量增长54.28%,薯类和棉花的碳汇量逐年减少,其他农作物逐年增加,且水稻、小麦、玉米的年均碳汇量远大于其他作物;(3)碳汇以水稻为主的有江西、湖南、湖北、江苏、四川、安徽,以小麦为主的有河南、山东,以玉米为主的有黑龙江、辽宁、吉林、内蒙古、河北;(4)碳足迹(净碳排放量)表现出随时间推移先增加后降低的倒"U"型特征,1991—2016年共增长12.17%。实证结果为农业碳减排的方向与思路提供了参考。
This paper focuses on the research of eight types of farm crops and the emission of CO_2, CH_4 and N_2O based on the concept of life cycle and the theory of carbon footprint. The carbon footprint of crops production was estimated by applying the provincial input-output data in the main grain-producing area during 1991-2016. The conclusions are shown as follows: the amount of carbon emissions in main production areas increases by 38.08%. The emission sources sorted by proportions in descending order are rice cultivation(36.76%), agricultural inputs(33.42%), straw burning(17.94%) and nitrogen application(11.88%). The amount of carbon sink increased by 54.28%. The carbon sink amount of most of crops increased annually except for tubers and cotton. Especially, the carbon sink amount of rice, wheat and corn are much larger than other crops. The provinces characterized by rice carbon sink includes Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Sichuan and Anhui. The provinces characterized by wheat carbon sink includes Henan and Shandong. The provinces characterized by corn carbon sink includes Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Neimenggu and Hebei. The carbon footprint of crops is featured by "inverted-U-shape", that is,it increased first and then decreased. The footprint increased by 12.17% from 1991 to 2016. The results of the research provided references for the directions and ways of reducing the agricultural carbon emissions.
This paper focuses on the research of eight types of farm crops and the emission of CO_2, CH_4 and N_2O based on the concept of life cycle and the theory of carbon footprint. The carbon footprint of crops production was estimated by applying the provincial input-output data in the main grain-producing area during 1991-2016. The conclusions are shown as follows: the amount of carbon emissions in main production areas increases by 38.08%. The emission sources sorted by proportions in descending order are rice cultivation(36.76%), agricultural inputs(33.42%), straw burning(17.94%) and nitrogen application(11.88%). The amount of carbon sink increased by 54.28%. The carbon sink amount of most of crops increased annually except for tubers and cotton. Especially, the carbon sink amount of rice, wheat and corn are much larger than other crops. The provinces characterized by rice carbon sink includes Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Sichuan and Anhui. The provinces characterized by wheat carbon sink includes Henan and Shandong. The provinces characterized by corn carbon sink includes Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Neimenggu and Hebei. The carbon footprint of crops is featured by "inverted-U-shape", that is,it increased first and then decreased. The footprint increased by 12.17% from 1991 to 2016. The results of the research provided references for the directions and ways of reducing the agricultural carbon emissions.
引文
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[17] 陈勇,李首成,税伟,等.基于EKC模型的西南地区农业生态系统碳足迹研究[J].农业技术经济,2013(2):120-128.
[18] 王占彪,王猛,陈阜.华北平原作物生产碳足迹分析[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(1):83-92.[WANG Zhan-biao,WANG Meng,CHEN Fu.Carbon Footprint Analysis of Crop Production in North China Plain[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(1):83-92.]
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