一种面向种子硬实效应的机械破眠装置设计与试验研究
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摘要
为解决西部高寒地区牧草种子硬实问题,实现牧草种子批量生产,设计一种机械破眠装置,并通过试验研究证明设备有效性与可行性。基于滚动摩擦力学理论设计一种可实现批量生产卧槽式研磨装置,基于该装置采用不同研磨力对种子实施分组研磨试验,实现种子破眠。去除损伤种子,对其余已研磨种子进行发芽培育,并采集相关试验数据。通过试验结果和相关数据分析以获得最佳机械研磨参数。研究结果表明:当给予的初试压力为5.5 N时,对种子进行机械破眠的效果最好,发芽率可以提升至91.1%。通过该机械装置对具有硬实效应的种子进行机械研磨,可有效实现种子破眠,且机械研磨效率高,可解决硬实种子批量生产需求问题。
In order to solve the problem of hard sowing of herbage seeds in the high and cold area of western China and realize the mass production of herbage seeds, a mechanical breaking device was designed, and the validity and feasibility of the equipment were proved by experimental research. Firstly, based on the theory of rolling friction mechanics, a groove-type grinding device for mass production is designed. Based on this device, different grinding forces are used to conduct grouping grinding experiments on seeds to achieve seed dormancy. Then, the damaged seeds were removed, the rest of the ground seeds were sprouted and cultured, and relevant experimental data were collected. Finally, the optimal mechanical grinding parameters are obtained through experimental results and relevant data analysis. The results show that when the initial pressure of 5.5 N was given, the effect of mechanical dormancy on the seeds was the best, and the germination rate could be increased to 91.1%.The mechanical device can effectively achieve seed dormancy and high efficiency of mechanical grinding, which can solve the problem of mass production of hard seeds.
In order to solve the problem of hard sowing of herbage seeds in the high and cold area of western China and realize the mass production of herbage seeds, a mechanical breaking device was designed, and the validity and feasibility of the equipment were proved by experimental research. Firstly, based on the theory of rolling friction mechanics, a groove-type grinding device for mass production is designed. Based on this device, different grinding forces are used to conduct grouping grinding experiments on seeds to achieve seed dormancy. Then, the damaged seeds were removed, the rest of the ground seeds were sprouted and cultured, and relevant experimental data were collected. Finally, the optimal mechanical grinding parameters are obtained through experimental results and relevant data analysis. The results show that when the initial pressure of 5.5 N was given, the effect of mechanical dormancy on the seeds was the best, and the germination rate could be increased to 91.1%.The mechanical device can effectively achieve seed dormancy and high efficiency of mechanical grinding, which can solve the problem of mass production of hard seeds.
引文
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[2] Koornneef M,Bentsink L,Hilhorst H.Seed dormancy and germination [J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2002,5(1):33-36.
[3] 王毅.种子休眠机理的研究进展[J].现代农业,2015(3):65-66.
[4] 李旭.种子休眠类型及其破除方法[J].现代农业科技,2016(22):57.
[5] 张会娟,吴峰,胡志超,等.我国种子除芒机概况与发展浅析[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(1):132-135.Zhang Huijuan,Wu Feng,Hu Zhichao,et al.General situation and development analysis of seed awner in China [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2017,38(1):132-135.
[6] 刘国宁,潘登标,王赫,等.吉林西部月见草种子萌发生化及解剖结构研究[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(11):107-111.Liu Guoning,Pan Dengbiao,Wang He,et al.Study on seed germination,biochemistry and anatomical structure of Oenothera blennies L.of western region of Jilin Province [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2017,38(11):107-111.
[7] 郭颖杰,张玉虎,黄春洋,等.参类种子剪切特性的试验研究[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(4):49-52.Guo Yingjie,Zhang Yuhu,Huang Chunyang,et al.Research on shear properties of ginseng seed [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2017,38(4):49-52.
[8] 郭颖杰,张玉虎,黄春洋,等.参类种子的压缩特性试验研究[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(5):36-39.Guo Yingjie,Zhang Yuhu,Huang Chunyang,et al.Experimental study on compression characteristics of ginseng seed [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2017,38(5):36-39.
[9] 鲁英,庄长楠,王丽红,等.提高苜蓿种子产量综合配套技术研究[J].中国农机化学报,2015,36(2):338-340.Lu Ying,Zhuang Changnan,Wang Lihong,et al.Comprehensive technology study on improving alfalfa seed yield [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2015,36(2):338-340.
[10] 李晓焱,罗春梅,尤凤翔.摩擦理论与摩擦系数[J].丹东纺专学报,1997(3):39-40.
[11] 郭丽萍.种子休眠原因及休眠解除方法研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.Guo Liping.Study on dormancy and dormancy breaking of tree peony seeds [D].Yangling:Northwest A & F University,2016.
[12] 韩月乔.白鲜种子休眠特性及解除方法研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2015.Han Yueqiao.Study on dormancy characteristics and breaking methods of dictamnus dasycarpus turcz.seeds [D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2015.
[13] 吴丽芳,魏晓梅,陆伟东,等.白刺花硬实种子的休眠机制及休眠解除[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(5):944-949.Wu Lifang,Wei Xiaomei,Lu Weidong,et al.Dormancy mechanism and breaking methods for hardseeds of Sophora davidii [J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2018,49(5):944-949.
[14] 郭瑞峰,张建华,关望辉,等.狗尾草种子休眠破除方法研究[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(7):1084-1086.Guo Ruifeng,Zhang Jianhua,Guan Wanghui,et al.Study on the methods of breaking dormancy setaria viridis seeds [J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(7):1084-1086.
[15] 范树高.沙米种子休眠机理及休眠破除方法的研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2017.Fan Shugao.Seed dormancy mechanism and breaking methods in Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq [D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2017.
[16] 赵文琦,季兰.种子休眠与解除机理的研究进展[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(3):477-481.Zhao Wenqi,Ji Lan.Research progress on mechanism of seed dormancy and dormancy breaking [J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(3):477-481.
[17] 程瑶.蒙古黄芪硬实种皮解剖特征及休眠破除方法研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2017.Cheng Yao.Study on anatomical characteristics of hard seed coat and dormancy breaking methods of seeds on Astragalus membranaceus var.Mongholicus [D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2017.
[18] 罗小燕,李欣勇,张瑜,等.豆科牧草种子硬实特性及其破除方法[J].草业科学,2017,34(6):1228-1237.Luo Xiaoyan,Li Xinyong,Zhang Yu,et al.A study of the character and breaking methods of hard seeds in leguminous fora-ges [J].Pratacultural Science,2017,34(6):1228-1237.
[19] 张琴.碾压式苜蓿种子破眠装置的设计与仿真分析[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2018.Zhang Qin.Design and simulation analysis on rolled broken sleep device for alfalfa seed [D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2018.
[20] 刘佳,朱翔,王文祥,等.黄精种子休眠的研究进展[J].农学学报,2018,8(3):11-15.Liu Jia,Zhu Xiang,Wang Wenxiang,et al.Seeds dormancy of polygonatum sibiricum red.:research progress [J].Journal of Agriculture,2018,8(3):11-15.