污泥热解过程中典型钙盐对氮转化的影响
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摘要
在污泥中添加醋酸钙或碳酸钙后进行热解,探究不同钙盐对污泥中低温热解过程含氮物质转化的影响。对150～550℃热解后气、液、固三态产物分析,确定了污泥中主要含氮物质为蛋白质,受热分解为胺类、杂环氮和腈类,然后继续分解产生大量NH3和HCN。污泥中添加钙盐,将抑制蛋白质分解,并促进腈类物质在固体产物中的生成和残留,减少焦油中含氮物质的产生。醋酸钙通过产生丙酮捕捉NH3,能减少近50%的NH3释放,而碳酸钙无明显影响。
The effect of different calcium salts on nitrogen transformation were investigated under low temperature pyrolysis,by adding calcium acetate or calcium carbonate in sewage sludge.The gas,tar and char collected from pyrolysis at 150～550℃ were analyzed.It is determined that the main nitrogen compounds in sludge was protein,and it would transformed into amine,heterocyclic nitrogen and nitriles, then continue to decomposed to produce a large amount of NH3 and HCN.Calcium salt added in sludge would inhibit protein decomposition and promote nitrile species formation and residue in solid products.Thus reduce nitrogen compounds content in tar.Calcium acetate can generate acetone to seize NH3 and reduce s～50%NH3 release,while calcium carbonate has no obvious effect.
The effect of different calcium salts on nitrogen transformation were investigated under low temperature pyrolysis,by adding calcium acetate or calcium carbonate in sewage sludge.The gas,tar and char collected from pyrolysis at 150～550℃ were analyzed.It is determined that the main nitrogen compounds in sludge was protein,and it would transformed into amine,heterocyclic nitrogen and nitriles, then continue to decomposed to produce a large amount of NH3 and HCN.Calcium salt added in sludge would inhibit protein decomposition and promote nitrile species formation and residue in solid products.Thus reduce nitrogen compounds content in tar.Calcium acetate can generate acetone to seize NH3 and reduce s～50%NH3 release,while calcium carbonate has no obvious effect.
引文
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[3]Park H J,Heo H S,Park Y K,et al.Clean Bio-oil Production From Fast Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge:Effects of Reaction Conditions and Metal Oxide Catalysts[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(1):S83-S85
[4]Yang X,Wang S,Zhou L.Effect of Carbon Source,C/N Ratio,Nitrate and Dissolved Oxygen Concentration on Nitrite and Ammonium Production From Denitrification Process by pseudomonasstutzeri D6[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,104:65-72
[5]Liu H,Zhang Q,Hu H,et al.Catalytic role of Conditioner CaO in Nitrogen Transformation During Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2015,35(3):2759-2766
[6]Liu H,Yi L,Hu H,et al.Emission Control of NO_x Precursors During Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis Using an IntegratedPretreatment of Fenton Peroxidation and CaO Conditioning[J].Fuel,2017,195:208-216
[7]Liu S,Wei M,Qiao Y,et al.Release of Organic Sulfur as Sulfur-containing Gases During low Temperature Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2015,35(3):2767-2775
[8]Cao J,Li L,Morishita K,et al.Nitrogen Transformations During Fast Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge[J].Fuel,2013,104:1-6
[9]Tian K,Liu W,Qian T,et al.Investigation on the Evolution of N-containing Organic Compounds During Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(18):10888-10896
[10]Tian Y,Zhang J,Zuo W,et al.Nitrogen Conversion in Relation to NH3 and HCN During Microwave Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(7):3498-3505
[11]Zhang J,Tian Y,Cui Y,et al.Key Intermediates in Nitrogen Transformation During Microwave Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge:A Protein Model Compound Study[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,132:57-63
[12]Wei L,Wen L,Liu M,et al.Interaction Characteristics of Mineral Matter and Nitrogen during Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis[J].Energy Fuels,2016,30(12):10505-10510
[13]Wu Z,Sugimoto Y,Kawashima H.Effect of Calcium Catalyst on Coal Nitrogen Removal During Pyrolysis[J].Energy&Fuels,2000,14(5):1119-1120
[14]Patsias A,Nimmo W,Gibbs B,et al.Calcium-based Sorbents for Simultaneous NOx/SOx Reduction in a Downfired Furnace[J].Fuel,2005,84(14):1864-1873
[15]Tan H,Wang X,Wang C,et al.Characteristics of HCN Removal Using CaO at High Temperatures[J].Energy&Fuels,2009,23(3):1545-1550
[16]Hayashi J,Kusakabe K,Morooka S,et al.Role of Iron Catalyst Impregnated by Solvent Swelling Method in Pyrolytic Removal of Coal Nitrogen[J].Energy Fuels,1995,9(6):1028-1034
[17]Ohtsuka Y,Zhiheng W,Furimsky E.Effect of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals on Nitrogen Release During Temperature Programmed Pyrolysis of Coal[J].Fuel,1997,76(14):1361-1367
[18]Zhang Q,Liu H,Lu G,et al.Mechanism of Conditioner CaO on NOx Precursors Evolution During Sludge Steam Gasification[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2017,36(3):4003-4010
[19]Borgwardt R H,Bruce K R.Effect of Specific Surface Area on the Reactivity of CaO with SO_2[J].Aiche Journal,1986,32(2):239-246
[20]Cheng S,Qiao Y,Huang J,et al.Effect of Alkali Addition on Sulfur Transformation During Low Temperature Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2017,36(2):2253-2261
[21]Adanez J,Diego L D,Garcza-Labiano F.Calcination of Calcium Acetate and Calcium Magnesium Acetate:Effect of the Reacting Atmosphere[J].Fuel,1999,78(5):583-592
[22]Miranda-Pizarro J,Perejón A,Valverde J M,et al.Use of Steel Slag for CO_2 Capture Under Realistic Calciumlooping Conditions[J].RSC Advances,2016,6(44):37656-37663