博斯腾湖流域沉积物中多环芳烃的时空分布、来源及生态风险评价
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摘要
在新疆博斯腾湖及其上游采集了8个表层沉积物和1根湖心沉积柱样品,分析了其中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量,对其时空分布特征、来源和潜在生态风险进行了研究,并采用~(210)Pb同位素测年法分析了沉积速率和沉积柱的时间跨度.结果表明:表层沉积物样品中PAHs含量范围为57.37～360.24 ng·g~(-1)(干重),开都河沉积物中PAHs以低分子量PAHs(2～3环)为主,博斯腾湖沉积物中PAHs以高分子量PAHs(4～6环)为主.开都河和博斯腾湖沉积物中萘(Nap)、菲(Phe)、苯并(b)荧蒽(BbF)和茚并(1, 2, 3-cd)芘(IP)等单体的含量较高.空间分布呈现出上游河流开都河高于博斯腾湖区,且湖区污染主要集中在湖心处的污染特征.沉积柱样品中15种PAHs含量范围为29.85～211.13 ng·g~(-1),沉积速率为0.18 cm·a~(-1),PAHs组成以5环和6环为主.沉积时间跨度为1852—2016年,PAHs含量峰值出现在1994年.采用比值法对表层沉积物和沉积柱样品进行源解析表明,博斯腾湖流域PAHs主要来源于生物质和煤热解过程,近年来有向煤炭和石油燃烧复合源转变的倾向.效应区间低/中值法(ERL/ERM)和平均效应区间中值商法(M-ERM-Q)评估结果表明,博斯腾湖及其上游表层沉积物中PAHs表现出低生态风险.
In this study, 8 surface sediments and a sediment core were collected from Bosten Lake and its upstream in Xinjiang Province. The spatial distribution, source, and potential ecological risk of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were investigated. The ~(210)Pb isotope dating method was used to determine the deposition rate and the time span of the sediment core sample. The results show that the total concentrations of 16 PAHs ranged from 57.37 to 360.24 ng·g~(-1)(dry weight) in sediment. The low-molecular-weight PAHs(2 and 3 ring) were predominant in surface sediments of Kaidu River, however, the high-molecular-weight PAHs(4～6 ring) were predominant in surface sediment of Bosten Lake. Naphthalene, phenanthrene, benzo(b) fluoranthene and indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene were the major PAH individual compounds in surface sediments in both Kaidu River and Bosten Lake. The total PAHs concentrations in surface sediment in Kaidu river was higher than that in the Bosten Lake, and PAHs contamination in the lake area was mainly concentrated in the center of lake. The concentration of 15 PAHs in sediment core samples ranged from 29.85 to 211.13 ng·g~(-1), and the deposition rate was 0.18 cm·a~(-1). The 5 and 6 ring PAHs were the dominant congeners in the sediment core. The deposition time of sediment core were from 1852 to 2016, and the PAHs concentration reached a peak in 1994. Source apportionment based on diagnostic ratios indicated that the PAHs in sediment in Bosten Lake watershed were mainly from the low temperature pyrolysis process, such as the combustion of biomass and coal. In recent years, there was a tendency that PAHs were from the mixed sources based on coal and petroleum combustion. The ERL/ERM and M-ERM-Q values suggest that the PAHs in surface sediments in Bosten Lake watershed displayed lower ecological risk.
In this study, 8 surface sediments and a sediment core were collected from Bosten Lake and its upstream in Xinjiang Province. The spatial distribution, source, and potential ecological risk of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were investigated. The ~(210)Pb isotope dating method was used to determine the deposition rate and the time span of the sediment core sample. The results show that the total concentrations of 16 PAHs ranged from 57.37 to 360.24 ng·g~(-1)(dry weight) in sediment. The low-molecular-weight PAHs(2 and 3 ring) were predominant in surface sediments of Kaidu River, however, the high-molecular-weight PAHs(4～6 ring) were predominant in surface sediment of Bosten Lake. Naphthalene, phenanthrene, benzo(b) fluoranthene and indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene were the major PAH individual compounds in surface sediments in both Kaidu River and Bosten Lake. The total PAHs concentrations in surface sediment in Kaidu river was higher than that in the Bosten Lake, and PAHs contamination in the lake area was mainly concentrated in the center of lake. The concentration of 15 PAHs in sediment core samples ranged from 29.85 to 211.13 ng·g~(-1), and the deposition rate was 0.18 cm·a~(-1). The 5 and 6 ring PAHs were the dominant congeners in the sediment core. The deposition time of sediment core were from 1852 to 2016, and the PAHs concentration reached a peak in 1994. Source apportionment based on diagnostic ratios indicated that the PAHs in sediment in Bosten Lake watershed were mainly from the low temperature pyrolysis process, such as the combustion of biomass and coal. In recent years, there was a tendency that PAHs were from the mixed sources based on coal and petroleum combustion. The ERL/ERM and M-ERM-Q values suggest that the PAHs in surface sediments in Bosten Lake watershed displayed lower ecological risk.
引文
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刘少鹏,李先国,张大海,等.2018.墨水河表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布特征、来源解析及生态风险评价[J].环境化学,37(4):843-850
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Ma C L,Lin T,Ye S Y,et al.2016.Sediment record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Liaohe River Delta wetland,Northeast China:Implications for regional population migration and economic development[J].Environmental Pollution,222:146-152
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Wang D,Feng C,Huang L,et al.2013.Historical deposition behaviors of PAHs in the Yangtze River Estuary:Role of the sources and water currents[J].Chemosphere,90:2020-2026
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王晓迪,臧淑英,张玉红,等.2015.大庆湖泊群水体和淡水鱼中多环芳烃污染特征及生态风险评估[J].环境科学,36(11):4291-4301
Wang X T,Hu B P,Cheng H X,et al.2018.Spatial variations,source apportionment and potential ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and synthetic musks in river sediments in Shanghai,China[J].Chemosphere,193:108-117
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杨勋林,张平中,袁道先,等.2010.黄龙洞年轻石笋的210Pb测年研究[J].地质论评,56(4):543-548
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张家泉,胡天鹏,邢新丽,等.2017.大冶湖表层沉积物-水中多环芳烃的分布、来源及风险评价[J].环境科学,38(1):170-179
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Zhao X S,Ding J,You H.2014.Spatial distribution and temporal trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and sediment from Songhua River,China[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,36(1):131-143
Zhao Z H,Jiang Y,Li Q Y,et al.2017.Spatial correlation analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediments between Taihu Lake and its tributary rivers[J].Ecotoxicol Environ Safety,142:117-128
Baldwin A K,Corsi S R,Lutz M A,et al.2016.Primary sources and toxicity of PAHs in Milwaukee-area streambed sediment[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,36(8):1622-1635
Bi C J,Wang X P,Jia J P,et al.2018.Spatial variation and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons influenced by intensive land use in an urbanized river network of East China[J].Science of the Total Environment,627:671-680
Bigus P,Tobiszewski M,Namie.Historical records of organic pollutants in sediment cores[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,78(1/2):26-42
陈虹.2017.新疆统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社
Chen Y N,Sun C Y,Zhang J Q,et al.2018.Assessing 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in river basin water and sediment regarding spatial-temporal distribution,partitioning,and ecological Risks[J].Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,27(2):579-589
Guo J,Chen J,Wang J.2017.Sedimentary aecords of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in China:a comparison to the worldwide[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,47(17):1612-1667
Guo J Y,Wu F C,Luo X J,et al.2010.Anthropogenic input of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into five lakes in Western China[J].Environmental Pollution,158(6):2175-2180
Guo J Y,Wu F C,Zhang L,et al.2011.Screening level of PAHs in sediment core from Lake Hongfeng,southwest China[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,60(4):590-596
Guo W,Pei Y,Yang Z,et al.2011.Historical changes in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) input in Lake Baiyangdian related to regional socio-economic development[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,187(1):441-449
Guo Z G,Lin T,Zhang G,et al.2006.High-resolution depositional records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the central continental shelf mud of the East China Sea[J].Environmental Science and Technology,40(17):5304-5311
He J,Yang Y,Zhang L,et al.2018.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of two lakes of the Dongting Lake district in Hunan,China[J].International Conference on Biotechnology and Bioengineering,020056:1-5
康跃惠,盛国英,李芳柏,等.2005.珠江口现代沉积物柱芯样多环芳烃高分辨沉积记录研究[J].环境科学学报,25(1):45-51
Karickhoff S W.1981.Semi-empirical estimation of sorption of hydrophobic pollutants on natural sediments and soils[J].Chemosphere,10(8):833-846
Li H L,Gao H,Zhu C,et al.2009.Spatial and temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of the Nansi Lake,China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,154(1/4):469-478
李法松,韩铖,操璟璟,等.2016.长江安庆段及毗邻湖泊沉积物中多环芳烃分布及风险评价[J].环境化学,35(4):739-748
李军,张干,祁士华,等.2004.多环芳烃在城市湖泊气-水界面上的交换[J].湖泊科学,16(3):238-244
李秋华,郭建阳,朱元荣,等.2013.滇池PAHs的沉积记录、来源及其生态风险评估[J].环境科学学报,33(9):2565-2572
Li R,Feng C,Wang D,et al.2016.Effect of water flux and sediment discharge of the Yangtze River on PAHs sedimentation in the estuary[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,189(1):10
李卫红,陈跃滨,徐海量,等.2003.博斯腾湖的水环境保护与可持续利用对策[J].地理研究,22(2):185-91
李宇安,王彦国,严宇红.2005.博斯腾湖自然生态环境的过去及现在与未来[A]//中国科协2005学术年会[C].北京:水利学报编辑部.431-434
Lin F X,Han B,Ding Y,et al.2018.Distribution characteristics,sources,and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the Qinhuangdao coastal wetland,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,127:788-793
Lin T,Qin Y,Zheng B,et al.2012.Sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a reservoir in Northeast China[J].Environmental Pollution,163(4):256-60
Lipiatou E,Tolosa I,Simó R,et al.1997.Mass budget and dynamics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Mediterranean Sea[J].Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography,44(3/4):881-905
刘丽梅,赵景峰,张建平,等.2013.近50a博斯腾湖逐年水量收支估算与水平衡分析[J].干旱区地理,36(1):33-40
刘少鹏,李先国,张大海,等.2018.墨水河表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布特征、来源解析及生态风险评价[J].环境化学,37(4):843-850
Long E R,Macdonald D D,Smith S L,et al.1995.Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments[J].Environmental Management,19(1):81-97
Long E R,Macdonald D D,Severn C G,et al.2000.Classifying probabilities of acute toxicity in marine sediments with empirically derived sediment quality guidelines[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,19(10):2598-2601
Ma C L,Lin T,Ye S Y,et al.2016.Sediment record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Liaohe River Delta wetland,Northeast China:Implications for regional population migration and economic development[J].Environmental Pollution,222:146-152
Nadal M,Schuhmacher M,Domingo J L.2004.Levels of PAHs in soil and vegetation samples from Tarragona County,Spain[J].Environmental Pollution,132(1):0-11
沈贝贝,吴敬禄,赵中华,等.2016a.近百年来新疆博斯腾湖多环芳烃的组成及变化特征[J].环境科学,37(2):507-512
沈贝贝,吴敬禄,赵中华,等.2016b.新疆开都河流域不同环境介质中的有机氯农药和多环芳烃残留及分布特征[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,35(4):646-652
Shen B B,Wu J L,Zhao Z H,et al.2017.Organochlorine pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and sediment of the Bosten Lake,Northwest China[J].Journal of Arid Land,9(2):287-98
Singare P U.2015.Studies on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of Mithi River near Mumbai,India:Assessment of sources,toxicity risk and biological impact[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,101(1):232-242
Tang Z,Guo J Y,Liao H Q,et al.2014.Spatial and temporal distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of Taihu Lake,eastern China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,22(7):5350-5358
Wang D,Feng C,Huang L,et al.2013.Historical deposition behaviors of PAHs in the Yangtze River Estuary:Role of the sources and water currents[J].Chemosphere,90:2020-2026
Wang X,Yang H,Ping G,et al.2010.One century sedimentary records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,mercury and trace elements in the Qinghai Lake,Tibetan Plateau[J].Environmental Pollution,158(10):3065-3070
王晓迪,臧淑英,张玉红,等.2015.大庆湖泊群水体和淡水鱼中多环芳烃污染特征及生态风险评估[J].环境科学,36(11):4291-4301
Wang X T,Hu B P,Cheng H X,et al.2018.Spatial variations,source apportionment and potential ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and synthetic musks in river sediments in Shanghai,China[J].Chemosphere,193:108-117
Yang R Q,Xie T,Li A,et al.2016.Sedimentary records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in remote lakes across the Tibetan Plateau[J].Environmental Pollution,214:1-7
杨勋林,张平中,袁道先,等.2010.黄龙洞年轻石笋的210Pb测年研究[J].地质论评,56(4):543-548
姚露露,高志刚.2012.新疆能源消费、经济增长与碳排放关系的实证研究[J].新疆大学学报(哲学·人文社会科学版),(1):20-24
袁峡,杨佃华.2009.博斯腾湖水污染控制与治理技术路线分析[J].环境工程,(s1):23-36
Yunker M B,Macdonald R W,Vingarzan R,et al.2002.PAHs in the Fraser River basin:a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition[J].Organic Geochemistry,33(4):489-515
张华艳.2015.近2.5ka来博斯腾湖流域环境演变与人类文明的关系研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆师范大学
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