基于Donnan渗析离子交换膜分离水中的Cd(Ⅱ)
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摘要
基于Donnan渗析原理构建了离子交换膜反应器,探讨了受体池溶液种类和浓度、给体和受体池搅拌功率以及给体池溶液的初始pH、进水流量和Cd(Ⅱ)进水浓度等因素对Cd(Ⅱ)分离效果的影响。结果表明,随着搅拌功率由0.035W增大为0.162 W,Cd(Ⅱ)分离去除率与离子通量显著增加。当受体液NaCl浓度为0～0.5 mol·L-1时,Cd(Ⅱ)分离去除率随着受体液浓度的增加而显著增加。当给体池进水Cd(Ⅱ)溶液初始pH≤8时,Cd(Ⅱ)分离去除率随受体液pH的增加而增加。此外,给体池中Cd(Ⅱ)分离去除率与Cd(Ⅱ)初始浓度以及给体池进水流量成反比。在本实验条件下,Cd(Ⅱ)的分离去除率最高可达85.51%。
In this study, an ion exchange membrane reactor was constructed based on Donnan dialysis. Effects of the receiver phase composition and concentration, stirring power for both receiver and feeding phase, initial pH, feeding rate and initial concentration of Cd( Ⅱ) in feeding solution on the removal of Cd(II) were investigated. The results showed that the Cd(Ⅱ) removal percentage and ion flux increased significantly with increasing the stirring power from 0.035 W to 0.162 W. Within the range of 0～0.5 mol·L-1 for the NaCl concentration of the receiver phase, the separation efficiency of Cd(Ⅱ) increased significantly as the Cd(II)concentration was raised. When the initial pH of the Cd(II) solution is lower than 8, the Cd(Ⅱ) removal was improved as the Cd(II) concentration in the receiver phase increased. In addition, the separation percent of the Cd(II) was inversely proportional to the initial Cd(II) concentration of feeding solution and its feeding rate. Under the experimental conditions, the maximum separation percentage of Cd(Ⅱ) could reach 85.51%.
In this study, an ion exchange membrane reactor was constructed based on Donnan dialysis. Effects of the receiver phase composition and concentration, stirring power for both receiver and feeding phase, initial pH, feeding rate and initial concentration of Cd( Ⅱ) in feeding solution on the removal of Cd(II) were investigated. The results showed that the Cd(Ⅱ) removal percentage and ion flux increased significantly with increasing the stirring power from 0.035 W to 0.162 W. Within the range of 0～0.5 mol·L-1 for the NaCl concentration of the receiver phase, the separation efficiency of Cd(Ⅱ) increased significantly as the Cd(II)concentration was raised. When the initial pH of the Cd(II) solution is lower than 8, the Cd(Ⅱ) removal was improved as the Cd(II) concentration in the receiver phase increased. In addition, the separation percent of the Cd(II) was inversely proportional to the initial Cd(II) concentration of feeding solution and its feeding rate. Under the experimental conditions, the maximum separation percentage of Cd(Ⅱ) could reach 85.51%.
引文
[1]方琳娜,方正,钟豫.土壤重金属镉污染状况及其防止措施:以湖南省为例[J].现代农业科技, 2016(7):212-213.
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[11]赵斌,刘安琪,刁法林,等.道南渗析除砷过程影响因素分析[J].化工学报, 2016, 67(6):2456-2461.
[12]施周,李学瑞,陈世洋,等.基于Donnan渗析的阴离子交换膜分离饮用水中Cr(Ⅵ)研究[J].安全与环境学报, 2013, 13(3):78-82.
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[14]陈乙崇.搅拌设备设计[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1985.
[15] BERRIN T. Significance of thermodynamic and physical characteristics on permeation of ions during membrane separation:Hydrated radius, hydration free energy and viscous effects[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2012, 86:119-126.
[16]何灏彦.膜分离中的浓差极化现象及其减弱措施[J].浙江化工, 2005, 36(5):29-31.
[17]李刚,李雪梅,柳越,等.正渗透原理及浓差极化现象[J].化学进展, 2010, 22(5):812-821.
[18] MIYOSHI H. Diffusion coefficients of ions through ion-exchange membranes for Donnan dialysis using ions of the same va?lence[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 1997, 141(1):101-110.
[19] FONSECA A D, CRESPO J G, ALMEIDA J S, et al.Drinking water denitrification using a novel ion-exchange membrane bio?reactor[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2000, 34(8):1557-1562.
[20]杨威,任男琪,李圭白.水合MnO2强化FeCl3共沉降去除水中微量Cd(Ⅱ)[J].化学与黏合, 2014, 36(5):342-345.
[21] DURMAZ F, KARA H, CENGELOGLU Y, et al. Fluoride removal by Donnan dialysis with anion exchange membranes[J].Desalination, 2005, 177(1):51-57.
[2] DOU M, ZHAO P, WANG Y, et al. Health risk assessment of cadmium pollution emergency for urban populations in Foshan city, China[J]. Environmental Science&Pollution Research, 2017, 24(9):8071-8086.
[3]庞荣丽,王瑞萍,谢汉忠,等.农业土壤中镉污染现状及污染途径分析[J].天津农业科学, 2016, 22(12):89-91.
[4]康卫龙,巫小云,杨毅宇,等.中国镉污染研究现状的文献计量学分析[J].环境保护前沿, 2018, 8(1):67-76.
[5] JIMENEZRODRIGUEZ A M, DURANBARRANTES M M, BORJA R, et al. Heavy metals removal from acid mine drainage water using biogenic hydrogen sulphide and effluent from anaerobic treatment:Effect of pH[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materi?als, 2009, 165(1/2/3):759-765.
[6]杨铁金,马伟光,刘亚红,等.改性多壁碳纳米管对水中Cd2+的去除[J].环境工程学报, 2012, 6(5):1609-1612.
[7] CHEN X, FU J, SHAO J, et al. Simultaneous removal of humic acid and heavy metal from aqueous solutions using charged ul?trafiltration membranes[J]. Separation Science&Technology, 2017, 52(4):1913-1919.
[8] NEMATI M, HOSSEINI S M, SHABANIAN M. Novel electrodialysis cation exchange membrane prepared by 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid:heavy metal ions removal[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, 337:90-104.
[9] SWHPD W, KSPD K. Membrane Handbook[M]. New York:VAN Nostrand Reinhold, 2012.
[10]陈世洋,施周,宋勇,等.基于Donnan分离的磷酸盐离子迁移与膜内分布[J].环境工程学报, 2012, 6(5):1478-1482.
[11]赵斌,刘安琪,刁法林,等.道南渗析除砷过程影响因素分析[J].化工学报, 2016, 67(6):2456-2461.
[12]施周,李学瑞,陈世洋,等.基于Donnan渗析的阴离子交换膜分离饮用水中Cr(Ⅵ)研究[J].安全与环境学报, 2013, 13(3):78-82.
[13]国家环境保护局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 1997.
[14]陈乙崇.搅拌设备设计[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1985.
[15] BERRIN T. Significance of thermodynamic and physical characteristics on permeation of ions during membrane separation:Hydrated radius, hydration free energy and viscous effects[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2012, 86:119-126.
[16]何灏彦.膜分离中的浓差极化现象及其减弱措施[J].浙江化工, 2005, 36(5):29-31.
[17]李刚,李雪梅,柳越,等.正渗透原理及浓差极化现象[J].化学进展, 2010, 22(5):812-821.
[18] MIYOSHI H. Diffusion coefficients of ions through ion-exchange membranes for Donnan dialysis using ions of the same va?lence[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 1997, 141(1):101-110.
[19] FONSECA A D, CRESPO J G, ALMEIDA J S, et al.Drinking water denitrification using a novel ion-exchange membrane bio?reactor[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2000, 34(8):1557-1562.
[20]杨威,任男琪,李圭白.水合MnO2强化FeCl3共沉降去除水中微量Cd(Ⅱ)[J].化学与黏合, 2014, 36(5):342-345.
[21] DURMAZ F, KARA H, CENGELOGLU Y, et al. Fluoride removal by Donnan dialysis with anion exchange membranes[J].Desalination, 2005, 177(1):51-57.
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