皖江城市带土地利用变化的生态风险格局演化研究
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摘要
皖江城市带作为我国国土空间开发中的重要战略区,对经济发展和区域振兴起到了关键性的支撑作用。但是随着要素集聚和经济发展,引发了农用地向建设用地快速转变、景观格局中的关键生态涵养源萎缩、区域生态服务功能弱化等方面的快速变化,区域生态安全面临新的挑战。研究收集了皖江城市带多期、长时段的土地利用影像解译数据,获取DEM、降水、地形地貌、植被覆盖等自然生态属性数据,基于GIS平台,综合集成应用生态风险指数模型、空间自相关、半方差分析法开展生态风险格局演化研究。结果表明:皖江城市带1995—2015年近20年的生态风险整体不断上升,且存在明显的空间分异,生态风险明显增强的区域主要是合肥以及芜马铜沿江城市为主,西南大别山区与南部皖南山区没有大的变化,生态风险增加的区域主要在低海拔和低坡度的平原、丘陵地带,区域内生态风险分布的两极分化特征明显。有利于推动生态风险的理论研究,且对安徽参与长江经济带建设、保护长江具有一定的现实指导意义。
As an important strategic region in China′s territorial space development, the Wanjiang City Belt has a key supporting role in economic development and regional revitalization. An agglomeration of factors and economic development have triggered the rapid transformation from agricultural land to construction land, the shrinking of key ecological conservation sources in the landscape pattern, and the weakening of regional ecological service functions. Thus, regional ecological security is facing new challenges. In this study, natural ecological attribute data, such as DEM(Digital Elevation Model), precipitation, topography, and vegetation cover, were obtained by collecting land-use image interpretation data from different periods in the Wanjiang City Belt. By using GIS, ecological risk index, spatial autocorrelation, and semi-variance analysis were integrated into the study of the evolution of ecological risk patterns. The results showed that the overall ecological risk of the Wanjiang City Belt between 1995 and 2015 increased continuously and had clear spatial differentiation. The ecological risks of Hefei and Wuhu-Maanshan-Tongling and other cities along the Yangtze River had risen significantly, but the Dabie Mountain and the Southern mountains in the Anhui Province remained relatively stable, and those areas with increased ecological risk were mostly located in low-altitude and low-slope plains and hills. In general, there is a clear polarization of ecological risk distribution in the region. This research is conducive to improving the theoretical study of ecological risk and has a practical guiding significance for the participation of Anhui in the construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Yangtze River protection.
As an important strategic region in China′s territorial space development, the Wanjiang City Belt has a key supporting role in economic development and regional revitalization. An agglomeration of factors and economic development have triggered the rapid transformation from agricultural land to construction land, the shrinking of key ecological conservation sources in the landscape pattern, and the weakening of regional ecological service functions. Thus, regional ecological security is facing new challenges. In this study, natural ecological attribute data, such as DEM(Digital Elevation Model), precipitation, topography, and vegetation cover, were obtained by collecting land-use image interpretation data from different periods in the Wanjiang City Belt. By using GIS, ecological risk index, spatial autocorrelation, and semi-variance analysis were integrated into the study of the evolution of ecological risk patterns. The results showed that the overall ecological risk of the Wanjiang City Belt between 1995 and 2015 increased continuously and had clear spatial differentiation. The ecological risks of Hefei and Wuhu-Maanshan-Tongling and other cities along the Yangtze River had risen significantly, but the Dabie Mountain and the Southern mountains in the Anhui Province remained relatively stable, and those areas with increased ecological risk were mostly located in low-altitude and low-slope plains and hills. In general, there is a clear polarization of ecological risk distribution in the region. This research is conducive to improving the theoretical study of ecological risk and has a practical guiding significance for the participation of Anhui in the construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Yangtze River protection.
引文
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[8] 胡和兵,刘红玉,郝敬锋,安静.流域景观结构的城市化影响与生态风险评价.生态学报,2011,31(12):3432- 3440.
[9] 赵岩洁,李阳兵,邵景安.基于土地利用变化的三峡库区小流域生态风险评价——以草堂溪为例.自然资源学报,2013,28(6):944- 956.
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[12] Lattimore B,Smith C T,Titus B D,Titus B D,Stupak I,Egnell G.Environmental factors in woodfuel production:Opportunities,risks,and criteria and indicators for sustainable practices.Biomass and Bioenergy,2009,33(10):1321- 1342.
[13] Hobday A J,Smith A D M,Stobutzki I C,Bulman C,Daley R,Dambacher J M,Deng R A,Dowdney J,Fuller M,Furlani D,Griffiths S P,Johnson D,Kenyon R,Knuckey I A,Ling S D,Pitcher R,Sainsbury K J,Sporcic M,Smith T,Turnbull C,Walker T I,Wayte S E,Webb H,Williams A,Wise B S,Zhou S.Ecological risk assessment for the effects of fishing.Fisheries Research,2011,108(2/3):372- 384.
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[15] 田义超,梁铭忠,任志远.城乡过渡区土地利用变化模拟与生态风险时空异质性特征.环境科学研究,2013,26(5):540- 548.
[16] 王耕,吴伟.基于GIS格网技术的流域生态安全可视化评价.大连理工大学学报,2006,46(5):667- 672.
[17] Xie H L,Wang P,Huang H S.Ecological risk assessment of land use change in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone,China.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2013,10(1):328- 346.
[18] 王巍淇,李天宏.基于土地利用空间结构的云南省生态风险时空变化分析.北京大学学报:自然科学版,2014,50(2):355- 360.
[19] Dale V H,Kline K L.Issues in using landscape indicators to assess land changes.Ecological Indicators,2013,28:91- 99.
[20] 胡金龙,罗楠,樊亚明.基于土地利用变化的漓江上游生态风险时空分异.浙江林业科技,2017,37(2):88- 94.
[21] 彭文君,舒英格.基于GIS的石漠化山区县域土地利用空间变化的生态风险测度.水土保持研究,2018,25(1):342- 348,355- 355.
[22] 杜军,杨青华.基于土地利用变化和空间统计学的区域生态风险分析——以武汉市为例.国土资源遥感,2010,22(2):102- 106.
[23] 曹玉红.极化区生态安全格局演化与调控研究[D].安徽师范大学,2018.
[2] 吕乐婷,张杰,孙才志,王晓蕊,郑德凤.基于土地利用变化的细河流域景观生态风险评估.生态学报,2018,38(16):5952- 5960.
[3] Wang Y,Wei Y N,Guo P R,Pan J C,Wu Q H,Liu N.Distribution variation of heavy metals in maricultural sediments and their enrichment,ecological risk and possible source—A case study from Zhelin bay in Southern China.Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,113(1/2):240- 246.
[4] 苏浩,吴次芳.基于景观结构的农林交错带土地利用生态风险时空分异研究.经济地理,2017,37(5):158- 165.
[5] 李玉珍,张永福,安放舟.基于GIS的新和县土地利用生态风险分析.水土保持研究,2015,22(1):172- 175,180- 180.
[6] 韦仕川,吴次芳,杨杨,黄木易,杨志荣.基于RS和GIS的黄河三角洲土地利用变化及生态安全研究——以东营市为例.水土保持学报,2008,22(1):185- 189.
[7] 孙贤斌,李玉成.基于GIS的淮南煤矿废弃地土壤重金属污染生态风险评价.安全与环境学报,2015,15(2):348- 352.
[8] 胡和兵,刘红玉,郝敬锋,安静.流域景观结构的城市化影响与生态风险评价.生态学报,2011,31(12):3432- 3440.
[9] 赵岩洁,李阳兵,邵景安.基于土地利用变化的三峡库区小流域生态风险评价——以草堂溪为例.自然资源学报,2013,28(6):944- 956.
[10] Bartolo R E,van Dam R A,Bayliss P.Regional ecological risk assessment for Australia′s tropical rivers:application of the relative risk model.Human and Ecological Risk Assessment:An International Journal,2012,18(1):16- 46.
[11] Biksey T M,Schultz A C,Bernhardt A M,Marion B,Peterson C,Smith P.Ecological and human health risk assessment.Water Environment Research,2011,83(10):1876- 1905.
[12] Lattimore B,Smith C T,Titus B D,Titus B D,Stupak I,Egnell G.Environmental factors in woodfuel production:Opportunities,risks,and criteria and indicators for sustainable practices.Biomass and Bioenergy,2009,33(10):1321- 1342.
[13] Hobday A J,Smith A D M,Stobutzki I C,Bulman C,Daley R,Dambacher J M,Deng R A,Dowdney J,Fuller M,Furlani D,Griffiths S P,Johnson D,Kenyon R,Knuckey I A,Ling S D,Pitcher R,Sainsbury K J,Sporcic M,Smith T,Turnbull C,Walker T I,Wayte S E,Webb H,Williams A,Wise B S,Zhou S.Ecological risk assessment for the effects of fishing.Fisheries Research,2011,108(2/3):372- 384.
[14] 叶长盛,冯艳芬.基于土地利用变化的珠江三角洲生态风险评价.农业工程学报,2013,29(19):224- 232.
[15] 田义超,梁铭忠,任志远.城乡过渡区土地利用变化模拟与生态风险时空异质性特征.环境科学研究,2013,26(5):540- 548.
[16] 王耕,吴伟.基于GIS格网技术的流域生态安全可视化评价.大连理工大学学报,2006,46(5):667- 672.
[17] Xie H L,Wang P,Huang H S.Ecological risk assessment of land use change in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone,China.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2013,10(1):328- 346.
[18] 王巍淇,李天宏.基于土地利用空间结构的云南省生态风险时空变化分析.北京大学学报:自然科学版,2014,50(2):355- 360.
[19] Dale V H,Kline K L.Issues in using landscape indicators to assess land changes.Ecological Indicators,2013,28:91- 99.
[20] 胡金龙,罗楠,樊亚明.基于土地利用变化的漓江上游生态风险时空分异.浙江林业科技,2017,37(2):88- 94.
[21] 彭文君,舒英格.基于GIS的石漠化山区县域土地利用空间变化的生态风险测度.水土保持研究,2018,25(1):342- 348,355- 355.
[22] 杜军,杨青华.基于土地利用变化和空间统计学的区域生态风险分析——以武汉市为例.国土资源遥感,2010,22(2):102- 106.
[23] 曹玉红.极化区生态安全格局演化与调控研究[D].安徽师范大学,2018.