聚噻吩改性阴极强化电极生物膜反应器去除硝酸盐机制研究
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摘要
为进一步提高电极生物膜反应器的脱氮效能,采用导电聚合物聚噻吩(PTh)和电子穿梭体蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸二钠(AQDS)改性阴极材料石墨毡,系统研究了不同碳氮比(C/N)条件下,改性电极的应用对BER体系的脱氮效能、电极表面生物相和体系微生物群落结构等方面的影响.结果表明,应用PTh与AQDS协同处理石墨毡的BER体系的NO~-_3-N去除速率和效能均明显优于未处理电极体系,在HRT=4 h、C/N为2.0时NO~-_3-N的去除率达到90.0%以上.PTh/AQDS改性石墨毡电极的生物膜与电极的比重为0.26±0.04,其值为对照组的2.4倍,证明了PTh/AQDS改性后电极具有更优的生物相容性.应用PTh/AQDS改性电极的BER具有更好的微生物丰富度和多样性,AQDS促进了特定微生物Thauera_mechernichensis(24.6%)的富集和亚硝酸盐还原酶的活性,保障了BER体系的反硝化效能.
In order to improve the denitrification efficiency of the BER, conductive polymer polythiophene(PTh) and electronic shuttle anthraquinone-2, 6-disulfonate disodium(AQDS) were used to modify graphite felt. The effects of modified electrode on denitrification performance, biological phase of electrode surface and microbial community structure of BER systems were systematically investigated under different C/N conditions. The experimental results showed that the denitrification perfoemance in BER system with PTh/AQDS modified graphite felt was much better than the control BER and the nitrate removal efficiency was higher than 90.0% as C/N was 2.0.The ratio of biofilm to electrode of PTh/AQDS modified graphite felt electrode was 0.26±0.04, 2.4 times higher than that of the control group, which proved that PTh/AQDS modified electrode had better biocompatibility. The proportions of biofilm and electrode of PTh/AQDS modified graphite felt cathode was 0.26±0.04, which was 2.4 times higher than unmodified electrode′s. This demonstrated that PTh/AQDS modified graphite felt has better biocompatibility.The BER with PTh/AQDS modified electrode showed better microbial richness and diversity. Furthermore, AQDS addition was in favor of Thauera_mechernichensis(24.6%) enrichment and nitrite reductase activity, which contribute to the higher denitrification efficiency of BER system.
In order to improve the denitrification efficiency of the BER, conductive polymer polythiophene(PTh) and electronic shuttle anthraquinone-2, 6-disulfonate disodium(AQDS) were used to modify graphite felt. The effects of modified electrode on denitrification performance, biological phase of electrode surface and microbial community structure of BER systems were systematically investigated under different C/N conditions. The experimental results showed that the denitrification perfoemance in BER system with PTh/AQDS modified graphite felt was much better than the control BER and the nitrate removal efficiency was higher than 90.0% as C/N was 2.0.The ratio of biofilm to electrode of PTh/AQDS modified graphite felt electrode was 0.26±0.04, 2.4 times higher than that of the control group, which proved that PTh/AQDS modified electrode had better biocompatibility. The proportions of biofilm and electrode of PTh/AQDS modified graphite felt cathode was 0.26±0.04, which was 2.4 times higher than unmodified electrode′s. This demonstrated that PTh/AQDS modified graphite felt has better biocompatibility.The BER with PTh/AQDS modified electrode showed better microbial richness and diversity. Furthermore, AQDS addition was in favor of Thauera_mechernichensis(24.6%) enrichment and nitrite reductase activity, which contribute to the higher denitrification efficiency of BER system.
引文
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Zhou J,He Z,Yang Y,et al.2015.High-throughput metagenomic technologies for complex microbial community analysis:Open and closed formats[J].Mbio,6(1):e02288-14
Zhou M,Fu W,Gu H,et al.2007.Nitrate removal from groundwater by a novel three-dimensional electrode biofilm reactor[J].Electrochimica Acta,52(19):6052-6059
Ailijiang N,Chang J,Liang P,et al.2016.Electrical stimulation on biodegradation of phenol and responses of microbial communities in conductive carriers supported biofilms of the bioelectrochemical reactor[J].Bioresource Technology,201:1-7
Aulenta F,Catervi A,Majone M,et al.2007.Electron transfer from a solid-state electrode assisted by methyl viologen sustains efficient microbial reductive dechlorination of TCE[J].Environmental Science & Technology,41(7):2554-2559
Butler J E,He Q,Nevin K P,et al.2007.Genomic and microarray analysis of aromatics degradation in Geobacter metallireducens and comparison to a Geobacter isolate from a contaminated field site[J].BMC genomics,8(1):180
Diaz L,Frydman R B,Valasinas A,et al.1979.Biosynthesis of uroporphyrinogens.Synthesis of alpha-aminomethylbilanes and their interaction with the enzymic system[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,101(10):2710-2716
Feng C,Ma L,Li F,et al.2010.A polypyrrole/anthraquinone-2,6-disulphonic disodium salt (PPy/AQDS)-modified anode to improve performance of microbial fuel cells[J].Biosensors & Bioelectronics,25(6):1516-1520
Fp V D Z,Cervantes F J.2009.Impact and application of electron shuttles on the redox (bio) transformation of contaminants:a review[J].Biotechnology Advances,27(3):256-277
Ghafari S,Hasan M,Aroua M K.2008.Bio-electrochemical removal of nitrate from water and wastewater-a review[J].Bioresource Technology,99(10):3965-3974
Ghafari S,Hasan M,Aroua M K.2009.Improvement of autohydrogenotrophic nitrite reduction rate through optimization of pH and sodium bicarbonate dose in batch experiments[J].Journal of Bioscience & Bioengineering,107(3):275-280
Jia L,Liu J,He W,et al.2014.Enhanced electricity generation for microbial fuel cell by using electrochemical oxidation to modify carbon cloth anode[J].Journal of Power Sources,265(4):391-396
Jiang Y,Su M,Zhang Y,et al.2013.Bioelectrochemical systems for simultaneously production of methane and acetate from carbon dioxide at relatively high rate[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,38(8):3497-3502
Kizito S,Lv T,Wu S,et al.2017.Treatment of anaerobic digested effluent in biochar-packed vertical flow constructed wetland columns:role of media and tidal operation[J].Science of the Total Environment,592:197-205
Kun G,Stefano F,Dennis P G,et al.2013.Effects of surface charge and hydrophobicity on anodic biofilm formation,community composition,and current generation in bioelectrochemical systems[J].Environmental Science & Technology,47(13):7563-7570
Liu R H,Sheng G P,Sun M,et al.2011.Enhanced reductive degradation of methyl orange in a microbial fuel cell through cathode modification with redox mediators[J].Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology,89(1):201-208
Liu Y,Feng C,Chen N,et al.2016.Bioremediation of nitrate and Fe (II) combined contamination in groundwater by heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria and microbial community analysis[J].RSC Advances,6(110):375-383
Lu H,Kalyuzhnaya M,Chandran K.2012.Comparative proteomic analysis reveals insights into anoxic growth of Methyloversatilis universalis FAM5 on methanol and ethanol[J].Environmental Microbiology,14(11):2935-2945
Lu L,Xing D,Ren Z J.2015.Microbial community structure accompanied with electricity production in a constructed wetland plant microbial fuel cell[J].Bioresource Technology,195:115-121
Pantarotto D,Partidos C D,Graff R,et al.2003.Synthesis,structural characterization,and immunological properties of carbon nanotubes functionalized with peptides[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,125(20):6160-6164
Park H I,Ji S K,Dong K K,et al.2006.Nitrate-reducing bacterial community in a biofilm-electrode reactor[J].Enzyme & Microbial Technology,39(3):453-458
Smith J A,Nevin K P,Lovley D R.2015.Syntrophic growth via quinone-mediated interspecies electron transfer[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,6(121):121
Wang K,Chizari K,Liu Y,et al.2011.Catalytic synthesis of a high aspect ratio carbon nanotubes bridging carbon felt composite with improved electrical conductivity and effective surface area[J].Applied Catalysis A General,392(1/2):238-247
Watanabe K,Wake T.2009.Measurement of unfrozen water content and relative permittivity of frozen unsaturated soil using NMR and TDR[J].Cold Regions Science & Technology,59(1):34-41
Wrighton K C,Virdis B,Clauwaert P,et al.2010.Bacterial community structure corresponds to performance during cathodic nitrate reduction[J].Isme Journal Emultidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology,4(11):1443-1455
Xin Y,Qiao S,Zhou J,et al.2014.Effects of redox mediators on nitrogen removal performance by denitrifying biomass and the activity of Nar and Nir[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,257(6):90-97
Xu P,Xiao E R,Xu D,et al.2017.Internal nitrogen removal from sediments by the hybrid system of microbial fuel cells and submerged aquatic plants[J].Plos One,12(2):e0172757
Yuan Y,Zhou S,Liu Y,et al.2013.Nanostructured macroporous bioanode based on polyaniline-modified natural loofah sponge for high-performance microbial fuel cells[J].Environmental Science & Technology,47(24):14525-14532
Zhou J,He Z,Yang Y,et al.2015.High-throughput metagenomic technologies for complex microbial community analysis:Open and closed formats[J].Mbio,6(1):e02288-14
Zhou M,Fu W,Gu H,et al.2007.Nitrate removal from groundwater by a novel three-dimensional electrode biofilm reactor[J].Electrochimica Acta,52(19):6052-6059