国家重点生态功能区生态环境质量变化动态分析
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摘要
国家重点生态功能区是保障国家生态安全、提升生态环境质量的重要区域。基于国家重点/非重点生态功能区生态环境质量变化的对比分析,结合土地覆被变化,对国家重点生态功能区转移支付政策执行之前的生态环境质量状况形成全面的认识。结果表明:国家重点/非重点生态功能区土地覆被类型均以生态用地为主,2000—2010年生态用地占比下降。国家重点生态功能区各年生态用地占比均高于非重点生态功能区,且土地覆被类型转换程度相对于非重点生态功能区要小。重点/非重点生态功能区的植被覆盖度、生物量密度、NPP均由东南向西北逐渐降低。水土保持型重点生态功能区的植被覆盖度最高,生物多样性维护型重点生态功能区的平均生物量密度、平均NPP最高,水源涵养型重点生态功能区的生物量总量、NPP总量最高,防风固沙型重点生态功能区由于多位于西北内陆,整体上植被覆盖度最低,生物量密度和生物量总量、平均NPP和NPP总量也最低。总的来说,2000—2010年间国家重点生态功能区的生态系统质量有所改善,但是改善的幅度不及非重点生态功能区。表明实施生态保护工程与转移支付,进一步改善重点生态功能区的生态环境质量,对提升全国整体生态安全水平具有重要的作用。
National Key Ecological Function Areas(NKEFA) are important areas to ensure national ecological security and improve the quality of the ecological environment. This study compared the ecological environmental quality changes combined with land use transitions of NKEFA and non-NKEFA in 2000 and 2010 to form a comprehensive understanding of the quality of the ecological environment in NKEFA before the implementation of the transfer payment policy. The results indicated that the land cover types of NKEFA and non-NKEFA were both dominated by ecological land and the proportion of ecological land decreased between 2000 and 2010. In addition, the proportion of ecological land of NKEFA was higher than that of non-NKEFA both in 2000 and 2010 and the degree of conversion of land cover types was smaller in NKEFA than that of non-NKEFA. The vegetation coverage, biomass, and net primary productivity(NPP) of NKEFA and non-NKEFA both gradually decreased from southeast to northwest. According to the types of ecological function areas, the vegetation coverage was highest in the soil and water conservation function areas, and the average biomass density and average NPP were highest in the biodiversity maintenance function areas, and the total biomass and total NPP of water conservation function areas were the highest. Windbreak and sand-fixation function areas were mainly located in the northwest inland, leading to the lowest vegetation coverage, biomass density, and total biomass, average NPP and total NPP. Overall, the ecosystem quality of NKEFA improved from 2000 to 2010. However, the degree of improvement was not as large as that of non-NKEFA. This suggests that implementing ecological protection engineering projects and transfer payments policy can further improve the environment quality of NKEFA and plays an important role in enhancing the level of ecological security of the entire country.
National Key Ecological Function Areas(NKEFA) are important areas to ensure national ecological security and improve the quality of the ecological environment. This study compared the ecological environmental quality changes combined with land use transitions of NKEFA and non-NKEFA in 2000 and 2010 to form a comprehensive understanding of the quality of the ecological environment in NKEFA before the implementation of the transfer payment policy. The results indicated that the land cover types of NKEFA and non-NKEFA were both dominated by ecological land and the proportion of ecological land decreased between 2000 and 2010. In addition, the proportion of ecological land of NKEFA was higher than that of non-NKEFA both in 2000 and 2010 and the degree of conversion of land cover types was smaller in NKEFA than that of non-NKEFA. The vegetation coverage, biomass, and net primary productivity(NPP) of NKEFA and non-NKEFA both gradually decreased from southeast to northwest. According to the types of ecological function areas, the vegetation coverage was highest in the soil and water conservation function areas, and the average biomass density and average NPP were highest in the biodiversity maintenance function areas, and the total biomass and total NPP of water conservation function areas were the highest. Windbreak and sand-fixation function areas were mainly located in the northwest inland, leading to the lowest vegetation coverage, biomass density, and total biomass, average NPP and total NPP. Overall, the ecosystem quality of NKEFA improved from 2000 to 2010. However, the degree of improvement was not as large as that of non-NKEFA. This suggests that implementing ecological protection engineering projects and transfer payments policy can further improve the environment quality of NKEFA and plays an important role in enhancing the level of ecological security of the entire country.
引文
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[2] 张文彬,李国平.国家重点生态功能区转移支付动态激励效应分析.中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(10):125- 131.
[3] 钟大能.推进国家重点生态功能区建设的财政转移支付制度困境研究.西南民族大学学报:人文社会科学版,2014,35(4):122- 126.
[4] 李国平,李潇.国家重点生态功能区转移支付资金分配机制研究.中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(5):124- 130.
[5] 李国平,刘倩,张文彬.国家重点生态功能区转移支付与县域生态环境质量——基于陕西省县级数据的实证研究.西安交通大学学报:社会科学版,2014,34(2):27- 31.
[6] 李国平,汪海洲,刘倩.国家重点生态功能区转移支付的双重目标与绩效评价.西北大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2014,44(1):151- 155.
[7] 孔德帅,李铭硕,靳乐山.国家重点生态功能区转移支付的考核激励机制研究.经济问题探索,2017,(7):81- 87.
[8] 孟庆华.基于生态足迹的浑善达克国家重点生态功能区生态承载力研究.林业资源管理,2014,(1):127- 130.
[9] 范辰.赣南国家重点生态功能区景观格局变化与生态安全分析[D].南昌:江西师范大学,2014.
[10] 何伟军,秦弢,安敏.国家重点生态功能区转移支付政策的缺陷及改进措施——以武陵山片区(湖南)部分县市区为例.湖北社会科学,2015,(4):67- 72.
[11] 吴丹,邹长新,高吉喜,林乃峰.水源涵养型重点生态功能区生态状况变化研究.环境科学与技术,2017,40(1):174- 179.
[12] 刘欣,王永清.我国重点生态功能区研究现状分析.世界林业研究,2014,27(1):93- 96.
[13] 黄耀欢,赵传朋,杨海军,丁方宇,李中华.国家重点生态功能区人类活动空间变化及其聚集分析.资源科学,2016,38(8):1423- 1433.
[14] 吴丹,邹长新,高吉喜.我国重点生态功能区生态状况变化.生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(5):703- 707.
[15] 李姝,雷晓寒,陈其兵.重点生态功能区生态系统服务价值变化及预测.水土保持通报,2017,37(6):225- 231.
[16] 李国平,杨雷,刘生胜.国家重点生态功能区县域生态环境质量空间溢出效应研究.中国地质大学学报:社会科学版,2016,16(1):10- 19.
[17] 熊善高,万军,龙花楼,于雷.重点生态功能区生态系统服务价值时空变化特征及启示——以湖北省宜昌市为例.水土保持研究,2016,23(1):296- 302.
[18] Ni J.Carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems of China:estimates at different spatial resolutions and their responses to climate change.Climatic Change,2001,49(3):339- 358.
[19] 孙红雨,王长耀,牛铮,布和敖斯尔,李兵.中国地表植被覆盖变化及其与气候因子关系——基于NOAA 时间序列数据分析.遥感学报,1998,2(3):204- 210.
[20] Li Y R,Cao Z,Long H L,Liu Y S,Li W J.Dynamic analysis of ecological environment combined with land cover and NDVI changes and implications for sustainable urban-rural development:the case of Mu Us Sandy Land,China.Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,142(20):697- 715.
[21] 黄麟,曹巍,吴丹,巩国丽,赵国松.2000—2010年我国重点生态功能区生态系统变化状况.应用生态学报,2015,26(9):2758- 2766.
[22] 冯险峰.GIS支持下的中国陆地生物量遥感动态监测研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2000.
[23] Schlesinger W H.Carbon balance in terrestrial detritus.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1977,8(1):51- 81.
[24] Cao M K,Woodward F I.Net primary and ecosystem production and carbon stocks of terrestrial ecosystems and their responses to climate change.Global Change Biology,1998,4(2):185- 198.
[25] Turner D P,Ritts W D,Cohen W B,Maeirsperger T K,Gower S T,Kirschbaum A A,Running S W,Zhao M S,Wofsy S C,Dunn A L,Law B E,Campbell J L,Oechel W C,Kwon H J,Meyers T P,Small E E,Kurc S A,Gamon J A.Site-level evaluation of satellite-based global terrestrial gross primary production and net primary production monitoring.Global Change Biology,2005,11(4):666- 684.
[26] Myneni R B,Keeling C D,Tucker C J,Asrar G,Nemani R R.Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991.Nature,1997,386(6626):698- 702.
[27] Gitelson A A,Kaufman Y J,Stark R,Rundquist D.Novel algorithms for remote estimation of vegetation fraction.Remote Sensing of Environment,2002,80(1):76- 87.
[28] 甘春英,王兮之,李保生,梁钊雄,李志文,温小浩.连江流域近18年来植被覆盖度变化分析.地理科学,2011,31(8):1019- 1024.
[29] Holben B N.Characteristics of maximum-value composite images from temporal AVHRR data.International Journal of Remote Sensing,1986,7(11):1417- 1434.
[30] 岳彩荣.香格里拉县森林生物量遥感估测研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.
[31] Darnag R,Minaoui B,Fakir M.QSAR models for prediction study of HIV protease inhibitors using support vector machines,neural networks and multiple linear regression.Arabian Journal of Chemistry,2017,10(S1):S600-S608.
[32] Ventura C,Latino D A R S,Martins F.Comparison of multiple linear regressions and neural networks based QSAR models for the design of new antitubercular compounds.European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2013,70:831- 845.
[33] Gómez-Bolea A,Llop E,Ariňo X,Saiz-Jimenez C,Bonazza A,Messina P,Sabbioni C.Mapping the impact of climate change on biomass accumulation on stone.Journal of Cultural Heritage,2012,13(3):254- 258.
[34] 黄富祥,高琼,傅德山,刘振铎.内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原典型草原百里香-本氏针茅草地地上生物量对气候响应动态回归分析.生态学报,2001,21(8):1339- 1346.
[35] Yu G R,Li X R,Wang Q F,Li S G.Carbon storage and its spatial pattern of terrestrial ecosystem in China.Journal of Resources and Ecology,2010,1(2):97- 109.
[36] 方精云,刘国华,徐嵩龄.我国森林植被的生物量和净生产量.生态学报,1996,16(5):497- 508.
[37] 徐斌,杨秀春,陶伟国,覃志豪,刘海启,缪建明.中国草原产草量遥感监测.生态学报,2007,27(2):405- 413.
[38] 周自翔,李晶,冯雪铭.基于GIS的关中-天水经济区土地生态系统固碳释氧价值评价.生态学报,2013,33(9):2907- 2918.
[39] 穆少杰,李建龙,杨红飞,刚成诚,陈奕兆.内蒙古草地生态系统近10年NPP时空变化及其与气候的关系.草业学报,2013,22(3):6- 15.
[40] 穆少杰,李建龙,周伟,杨红飞,章超斌,居为民.2001—2010年内蒙古植被净初级生产力的时空格局及其与气候的关系.生态学报,2013,33(12):3752- 3764.
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