无机物料固体废物属性鉴别通用方法
|
摘要
除了废弃特征明显的废物适合现场鉴别之外,其他绝大多数无机物料都需要利用多种分析仪器对其理化特性和特征指标进行分析,以分析结果为基础进行固体废物属性鉴别。结合已经开展的无机物料固体废物属性鉴别实例,阐述了无机物料固体废物属性鉴别过程中常用的X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射、激光粒度、扫描电子显微镜、偏光显微镜、X射线能谱、化学滴定等7种分析手段。利用X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射、X射线能谱+扫描电子显微镜、偏光显微镜等4种常用分析手段对一种进口无机物料进行了分析,结果显示,物料的主要元素组分为钴、氧、硫、镁、锰、硅,主要物相为氧化钴、硫酸钴、Mg_3Si_2O_5(OH)_4、Co_3(OH)_4Si_2O_5,推断出该物料是氧化钴生产过程中所产生的混杂了未经历萃取分离、沉淀、煅烧等工序的物质,根据GB 34330—2017《固体废物鉴别标准通则》中相关条款判断该物料属于固体废物。通过建立的无机物料固体废物属性鉴别的通用方法和流程,可为进口无机物料的固体废物属性鉴别和监管提供参考,对有效遏制各种无机固体废物涌入我国,保护我国生态环境安全和人体健康具有重要意义。
The wastes with obvious discard characteristics were suitable for on-site identification.Most other inorganic materials were needed to use a variety of analytical instruments to analyze their physical and chemical properties and characteristics.According to the analysis results,solid waste attributes were identified.Based on the examples of identification of solid wastes of inorganic materials,seven commonly used analytical methods in identification of solid wastes of inorganic materials were expounded.They were Xray fluorescence spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,laser particle size,scanning electron microscopy,polarizing microscope,X-ray energy spectrum and titrimetric analysis.A kind of imported inorganic material was detected by X-ray fluorescence spectrum,X-ray diffraction,X-ray energy spectrum and scanning electron microscopy,polarizing microscope.The results showed that the main elements of the material were cobalt,oxygen,sulphur,magnesium,manganese and silicon.The main phases were cobalt oxide,cobalt sulfate,Mg_3Si_2O_5(OH)_4 and Co_3(OH)_4Si_2O_5.It was inferred that the material was a mixture of cobalt oxide produced in the production process,which had not undergone extraction,separation,precipitation and calcination processes.According to the relevant identification terms in GB 34330-2017 the identification standards for solid wastes General rules,the conclusion that the material belonged to solid waste was obtained.The general identification method and process of solid waste for imported inorganic materials were established.It would provide reference for solid waste identification and supervision of imported inorganic materials,which had great significance for effectively curbing the influx of inorganic solid wastes into China and protecting the ecological environment and human health.
The wastes with obvious discard characteristics were suitable for on-site identification.Most other inorganic materials were needed to use a variety of analytical instruments to analyze their physical and chemical properties and characteristics.According to the analysis results,solid waste attributes were identified.Based on the examples of identification of solid wastes of inorganic materials,seven commonly used analytical methods in identification of solid wastes of inorganic materials were expounded.They were Xray fluorescence spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,laser particle size,scanning electron microscopy,polarizing microscope,X-ray energy spectrum and titrimetric analysis.A kind of imported inorganic material was detected by X-ray fluorescence spectrum,X-ray diffraction,X-ray energy spectrum and scanning electron microscopy,polarizing microscope.The results showed that the main elements of the material were cobalt,oxygen,sulphur,magnesium,manganese and silicon.The main phases were cobalt oxide,cobalt sulfate,Mg_3Si_2O_5(OH)_4 and Co_3(OH)_4Si_2O_5.It was inferred that the material was a mixture of cobalt oxide produced in the production process,which had not undergone extraction,separation,precipitation and calcination processes.According to the relevant identification terms in GB 34330-2017 the identification standards for solid wastes General rules,the conclusion that the material belonged to solid waste was obtained.The general identification method and process of solid waste for imported inorganic materials were established.It would provide reference for solid waste identification and supervision of imported inorganic materials,which had great significance for effectively curbing the influx of inorganic solid wastes into China and protecting the ecological environment and human health.
引文
[1]郝雅琼．进口有色金属物料的固体废物鉴别方法[J]．环境污染与防治，2018,40(1):6-10.HAO Ya-qiong.Solid waste identification method of imported nonferrous metal materials[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2018,40(1):6-10.
[2]郝雅琼．金属冶炼进口物料的固体废物鉴别方法[J]．化工环保，2017,37(5):566-571.HAO Ya-qiong.Solid waste identification method of imported metal smelting materials[J].Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry,2017,37(5):566-571.
[3]朱雪梅，郝雅琼．进口含铁物料固体废物综合表征及来源分析[J]．冶金分析，2017,37(9):17-24.ZHU Xue-mei,HAO Ya-qiong.Comprehensive characterization for solid waste of imported iron-containing materials[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2017,37(9):17-24.
[4]郝雅琼．多种进口含铜物料的固体废物鉴别方法[J]．冶金分析，2017,37(1):26-33.HAO Ya-qiong.Solid waste identification methods for a variety of imported copper-containing materials[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2017,37(1):26-33.
[5]周炳炎，王琪．固体废物特性分析和属性鉴别案例精选[M]．北京：中国环境科学出版社，2012:119-498.
[6]郝雅琼．进口废塑料现场检验方法、问题和对策研究[J]．环境工程技术学报，2015,5(1):53-58.HAO Ya-qiong.Study on spot discernment method,problem and countermeasure of imported waste plastics[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2015,5(1):53-58.
[7]郝雅琼，周炳炎，王琪．进口废纸检验方法和问题及对策研究[J]．环境与可持续发展，2014,39(6):61-63.HAO Ya-qiong,ZHOU Bing-yan,WANG Qi.Study on test method,problem and countermeasure of imported wastepaper[J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2014,39(6):61-63.
[8]宋义，谷松海，孙鑫，等．铜精矿与铜冶炼渣的物相鉴别[J]．冶金分析，2015,35(3):25-31.SONG Yi,GU Song-hai,SUN Xin,et al.Phase identification of copper concentrate and copper smelting slag[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2015,35(3):25-31.
[9]郝雅琼，于泓锦，周炳炎，等．固体废物属性鉴别现状、问题和对策分析[J]．环境污染与防治，2013,35(1):106-110.HAO Ya-qiong,YU Hong-jin,ZHOU Bing-yan,et al.Analyze on actuality,problem and countermeasure of solid waste characteristic identification[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2013,35(1):106-110.
[10]赵伟，严文勋，封亚辉．精矿冶炼过程中固体废物的鉴别[J]．冶金分析，2016,36(10):57-61.ZHAO Wei,YAN Wen-xun,FENG Ya-hui.Identification of solid wastes in the concentrate smelting process[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2016,36(10):57-61.
[11]张琪，张云春，龚凡涵，等．固体废物铜熔炼渣的快速鉴定[J]．冶金分析，2014,34(3):39-42.ZHANG Qi,ZHANG Yun-chun,GONG Fan-han,et al.Rapid identification of copper smelter slag for solid waste[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2014,34(3):39-42.
[12]冯均利，于泓锦，唐梦奇，等．进口含锌物料的表征和鉴别[J]．化工环保，2018,38(6):738-743.FENG Jun-li,YU Hong-jin,TANG Meng-qi,et al.Characterization and identification of imported zinc-containing materials[J].Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry,2018,38(6):738-743.
[13]丁仕兵，张庆建，郭兵，等．X射线衍射法鉴定铁矿石中氧化皮[J]．冶金分析，2013,33(6):14-17.DING Shi-bing,ZHANG Qing-jian,GUO Bing,et al.Identification of mill scale doped in iron ore by X-ray diffraction method[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2013,33(6):14-17.
[14]杨勰，李宏煦，李超．铅冶炼烟尘的物性分析及浸出性研究[J]．化工环保，2014,34(5):493-498.YANG Xie,LI Hong-Xu,LI Chao.Characterization and leachability of lead smelting dust[J].Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry,2014,34(5):493-498.
[15]李丽，郝雅琼．含铁量高的电弧炉烟尘固体废物综合表征[J]．冶金分析，2018,38(1):24-28.LI Li,HAO Ya-qiong.Solid waste identification of electric arc furnace dust containing high content iron[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2018,38(1):24-28.
[16]赵伟，封亚辉，戴东情．冶炼钢铁过程中多种固体废物的鉴别[J]．冶金分析，2015,35(10):49-53.ZHAO Wei,FENG Ya-hui,DAI Dong-qing.Identification of various solid wastes in the iron and steel smelting process[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2015,35(10):49-53.
[17]冯均利，吴景武，余淑媛，等．进口含铁物料固体废物属性鉴别的探讨[J]．冶金分析，2018,38(2):18-24.FENG Jun-li,WU Jing-wu,YU Shu-yuan,et al.Discussion on identification of solid waste in imported ironcontaining material[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2018,38(2):18-24.
[18]严文勋，封亚辉，徐宏平，等．铜精矿及其冶炼过程中相关固体废物的综合表征[J]．冶金分析，2017,37(8):33-37.YAN Wen-xun,FENG Ya-hui,XU Hong-ping,et al.Identification of copper concentrate and solid waste in the copper smelting process[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2017,37(8):33-37.
[19]咸洋，闵红，朱志秀，等．多技术联用鉴别含铜物料固体废物属性[J]．机械工程材料，2018,42(12):18-20.XIAN Yang,MIN Hong,ZHU Zhi-xiu,et al.Solid waste characteristic identification of copper-containing materials with a variety of techiniques[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2018,42(12):18-20.
[20]周炳炎，贾晨夜，汪群慧．进口含铅物品的固体废物属性鉴别研究[J]．环境科学研究，2009,22(1):89-94.ZHOU Bing-yan,JIA Chen-ye,WANG Qun-hui.Study on the identification of imported lead alloy waste[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2009,22(1):89-94.
[21]张庆建，丁仕兵，郭兵，等．复杂铜物料属性的鉴别[J]．冶金分析，2013,33(4):40-43.ZHANG Qing-jian,DING Shi-bing,GUO Bing,et al.Identification of the characteristics of complex copper material[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2013,33(4):40-43.
[22]郝雅琼．进口含锌物料的固体废物鉴别方法[J]．冶金分析，2016,36(10):34-39.HAO Ya-qiong.Solid waste identification methods for imported zinc-containing materials[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2016,36(10):34-39.
[23]林河成．从含钴催化剂废料中回收氧化钴的研究[J]．四川有色金属，2006(1):12-15.LIN He-cheng.Research on recovery of cobalt oxide from cobalt-bearing catalyst wastes[J].Sichuan Nonferrous Metals,2006(1):12-15.
[24]兰玮锋，米玺学．从氧化钴矿石中提取钴的试验研究[J]．湿法冶金，2008,27(4):230-233.LAN Wei-feng,MI Xi-xue.Extraction of cobalt from cobalt oxide ore[J].Hydrometallurgy of China,2008,27(4):230-233.
[2]郝雅琼．金属冶炼进口物料的固体废物鉴别方法[J]．化工环保，2017,37(5):566-571.HAO Ya-qiong.Solid waste identification method of imported metal smelting materials[J].Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry,2017,37(5):566-571.
[3]朱雪梅，郝雅琼．进口含铁物料固体废物综合表征及来源分析[J]．冶金分析，2017,37(9):17-24.ZHU Xue-mei,HAO Ya-qiong.Comprehensive characterization for solid waste of imported iron-containing materials[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2017,37(9):17-24.
[4]郝雅琼．多种进口含铜物料的固体废物鉴别方法[J]．冶金分析，2017,37(1):26-33.HAO Ya-qiong.Solid waste identification methods for a variety of imported copper-containing materials[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2017,37(1):26-33.
[5]周炳炎，王琪．固体废物特性分析和属性鉴别案例精选[M]．北京：中国环境科学出版社，2012:119-498.
[6]郝雅琼．进口废塑料现场检验方法、问题和对策研究[J]．环境工程技术学报，2015,5(1):53-58.HAO Ya-qiong.Study on spot discernment method,problem and countermeasure of imported waste plastics[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2015,5(1):53-58.
[7]郝雅琼，周炳炎，王琪．进口废纸检验方法和问题及对策研究[J]．环境与可持续发展，2014,39(6):61-63.HAO Ya-qiong,ZHOU Bing-yan,WANG Qi.Study on test method,problem and countermeasure of imported wastepaper[J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2014,39(6):61-63.
[8]宋义，谷松海，孙鑫，等．铜精矿与铜冶炼渣的物相鉴别[J]．冶金分析，2015,35(3):25-31.SONG Yi,GU Song-hai,SUN Xin,et al.Phase identification of copper concentrate and copper smelting slag[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2015,35(3):25-31.
[9]郝雅琼，于泓锦，周炳炎，等．固体废物属性鉴别现状、问题和对策分析[J]．环境污染与防治，2013,35(1):106-110.HAO Ya-qiong,YU Hong-jin,ZHOU Bing-yan,et al.Analyze on actuality,problem and countermeasure of solid waste characteristic identification[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2013,35(1):106-110.
[10]赵伟，严文勋，封亚辉．精矿冶炼过程中固体废物的鉴别[J]．冶金分析，2016,36(10):57-61.ZHAO Wei,YAN Wen-xun,FENG Ya-hui.Identification of solid wastes in the concentrate smelting process[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2016,36(10):57-61.
[11]张琪，张云春，龚凡涵，等．固体废物铜熔炼渣的快速鉴定[J]．冶金分析，2014,34(3):39-42.ZHANG Qi,ZHANG Yun-chun,GONG Fan-han,et al.Rapid identification of copper smelter slag for solid waste[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2014,34(3):39-42.
[12]冯均利，于泓锦，唐梦奇，等．进口含锌物料的表征和鉴别[J]．化工环保，2018,38(6):738-743.FENG Jun-li,YU Hong-jin,TANG Meng-qi,et al.Characterization and identification of imported zinc-containing materials[J].Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry,2018,38(6):738-743.
[13]丁仕兵，张庆建，郭兵，等．X射线衍射法鉴定铁矿石中氧化皮[J]．冶金分析，2013,33(6):14-17.DING Shi-bing,ZHANG Qing-jian,GUO Bing,et al.Identification of mill scale doped in iron ore by X-ray diffraction method[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2013,33(6):14-17.
[14]杨勰，李宏煦，李超．铅冶炼烟尘的物性分析及浸出性研究[J]．化工环保，2014,34(5):493-498.YANG Xie,LI Hong-Xu,LI Chao.Characterization and leachability of lead smelting dust[J].Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry,2014,34(5):493-498.
[15]李丽，郝雅琼．含铁量高的电弧炉烟尘固体废物综合表征[J]．冶金分析，2018,38(1):24-28.LI Li,HAO Ya-qiong.Solid waste identification of electric arc furnace dust containing high content iron[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2018,38(1):24-28.
[16]赵伟，封亚辉，戴东情．冶炼钢铁过程中多种固体废物的鉴别[J]．冶金分析，2015,35(10):49-53.ZHAO Wei,FENG Ya-hui,DAI Dong-qing.Identification of various solid wastes in the iron and steel smelting process[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2015,35(10):49-53.
[17]冯均利，吴景武，余淑媛，等．进口含铁物料固体废物属性鉴别的探讨[J]．冶金分析，2018,38(2):18-24.FENG Jun-li,WU Jing-wu,YU Shu-yuan,et al.Discussion on identification of solid waste in imported ironcontaining material[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2018,38(2):18-24.
[18]严文勋，封亚辉，徐宏平，等．铜精矿及其冶炼过程中相关固体废物的综合表征[J]．冶金分析，2017,37(8):33-37.YAN Wen-xun,FENG Ya-hui,XU Hong-ping,et al.Identification of copper concentrate and solid waste in the copper smelting process[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2017,37(8):33-37.
[19]咸洋，闵红，朱志秀，等．多技术联用鉴别含铜物料固体废物属性[J]．机械工程材料，2018,42(12):18-20.XIAN Yang,MIN Hong,ZHU Zhi-xiu,et al.Solid waste characteristic identification of copper-containing materials with a variety of techiniques[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2018,42(12):18-20.
[20]周炳炎，贾晨夜，汪群慧．进口含铅物品的固体废物属性鉴别研究[J]．环境科学研究，2009,22(1):89-94.ZHOU Bing-yan,JIA Chen-ye,WANG Qun-hui.Study on the identification of imported lead alloy waste[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2009,22(1):89-94.
[21]张庆建，丁仕兵，郭兵，等．复杂铜物料属性的鉴别[J]．冶金分析，2013,33(4):40-43.ZHANG Qing-jian,DING Shi-bing,GUO Bing,et al.Identification of the characteristics of complex copper material[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2013,33(4):40-43.
[22]郝雅琼．进口含锌物料的固体废物鉴别方法[J]．冶金分析，2016,36(10):34-39.HAO Ya-qiong.Solid waste identification methods for imported zinc-containing materials[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2016,36(10):34-39.
[23]林河成．从含钴催化剂废料中回收氧化钴的研究[J]．四川有色金属，2006(1):12-15.LIN He-cheng.Research on recovery of cobalt oxide from cobalt-bearing catalyst wastes[J].Sichuan Nonferrous Metals,2006(1):12-15.
[24]兰玮锋，米玺学．从氧化钴矿石中提取钴的试验研究[J]．湿法冶金，2008,27(4):230-233.LAN Wei-feng,MI Xi-xue.Extraction of cobalt from cobalt oxide ore[J].Hydrometallurgy of China,2008,27(4):230-233.