新经济地理学框架下环境问题研究综述
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摘要
基于新经济地理学研究框架,对该领域关于环境问题的研究予以梳理,在回顾其发展历程的基础上,总结出当前新经济地理学框架下,环境问题研究的主要议题涉及环境外部性与集聚效应、对经济活动空间分布的影响,以及环境规制与响应等。此外,从研究方法的角度,整理出在新经济地理学框架下涉及环境因素分析的模型及方法,并举例详述了引入环境因素的多种经典新经济地理模型及其结论。最终结合当前研究进展,总结了该领域的演化分析、环境CGE模型和微观异质性分析等研究前沿,为环境问题在新经济地理学领域的深入研究提供了新的思路。
The research makes a summary about researches of environmental problems based on the framework of New Economic Geography(NEG). On the basis of reviewing its development history, it can be found that the main research topics are about externalities and agglomeration, the effect on spatial distribution of economic activities, as well as environmental regulations and responses, etc. Meanwhile, from the perspective of research methods, we sort out the models and methods of environmental factors analysis and their conclusions under the NEG framework, and introduces several classical NEG models which add environment as a new factor. Finally, based on the current research progress, we also conclude some research frontiers of this field, such as evolution analysis, environmental CGE model and micro-heterogeneity analysis, and provide new ideas for the further study of environmental problems in the area of NEG.
The research makes a summary about researches of environmental problems based on the framework of New Economic Geography(NEG). On the basis of reviewing its development history, it can be found that the main research topics are about externalities and agglomeration, the effect on spatial distribution of economic activities, as well as environmental regulations and responses, etc. Meanwhile, from the perspective of research methods, we sort out the models and methods of environmental factors analysis and their conclusions under the NEG framework, and introduces several classical NEG models which add environment as a new factor. Finally, based on the current research progress, we also conclude some research frontiers of this field, such as evolution analysis, environmental CGE model and micro-heterogeneity analysis, and provide new ideas for the further study of environmental problems in the area of NEG.
引文
[1]UNE Programme. Towards a pollution-free planet: report of the executive director[EB/OL]. https://www.unenvironment.org/annualreport/2017/index.php.2017/2018-8-1.
[2]Gerrard C M, Petley D N. A risk society? Environmental hazards, risk and resilience in the later middle ages in Europe[J]. Natural Hazards, 2013,69(1):1051-1079.
[3]Marshall A. Principles of Economics[M]. London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 1920:299-302.
[4]Pigou A C. The Economics of Welfare[M]. 4th Edition. London: Macmillan and Co., 1932:645-647.
[5]Juliibrainard. Integrating geographical information systems into travel cost analysis and benefit transfer[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 1999,13(3):227-246.
[6]Wagner P L. The Human Use of the Earth[C]. Glencoe Illinois: The Free Press, 1960:1-6.
[7]贺灿飞,周沂.环境经济地理研究[M].北京:科学出版社, 2016:24-36.
[8]Thisse J F, Pagergiou Y. Reconciliation of transportation costs and amenities as location factors in the theory of the firm[J]. Geographical Analysis, 2010,13(3):189-195.
[9]Hannon B. Sense of place: Geographic discounting by people, animals and plants[J]. Ecological Economics, 1994,10(2):157-174.
[10]Krugman P. Increasing returns and economic geography[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 1991,99(3):483-499.
[11]Fujita M, Mori T. Frontiers of the new economic geography[J]. Papers in Regional Science, 2005,84(3):377-405.
[12]Yang J, Lei K, and Khu S, et al. Assessment of water environmental carrying capacity for sustainable development using a coupled system dynamics approach applied to the Tieling of the Liao River Basin, China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2015,73(9):5173-5183.
[13]Gibbs D. Ecological modernization, regional economic development and regional development agencies[J]. Geoforum, 2000,31(1):9-19.
[14]Hayter R. Environmental economic geography[J]. Geography Compass, 2010,2(3):831-850.
[15]Pollard B. Emerging themes in economic geography: Outcomes of the economic geography 2010 workshop[J].Economic Geography,2011,87(2):111-126.
[16]Allenby B R. Industrial Ecology: Policy Framework and Implementation[M]. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999:5-10.
[17]Virkanen J. Effect of urbanization on metal deposition in the Bay of T??l? nlahti, southern Finland[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1998,36(9):729-738.
[18]贺灿飞,朱彦刚.中国资源密集型产业地理分布研究—以石油加工业和黑色金属产业为例[J].自然资源学报, 2010,25(3):488-501.
[19]Elbers C, Withagen C. Environmental policy, population dynamics and agglomeration[J]. Contributions in Economic Analysis & Policy, 2004: 3(2):1-23.
[20]Marrewijk V. Geographical economics and the role of pollution on location[J]. ICFAI Journal of Environmental Economics,2005,3(1):28-48.
[21]Sigman H. Transboundary spillovers and decentralization of environmental policies[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics & Management, 2004,50(1):82-101.
[22]Rauscher M. Concentration, Separation, and Dispersion: Economic Geography and the Environment[C]. Mecklenburg: Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, 2009: 1-5.
[23]Quaas M, Lange A. Economic Geography and Urban Environmental Pollution[C].Heidelberg: University of Heidelberg,2004:1-18.
[24]Bi?rn E, Golombek R, Raknerud A. Environmental regulations and plant exit[J]. Environmental & Resource Economics, 1998,11(1):35-59.
[25]Cole M A. Trade, the pollution haven hypothesis and the environmental kuznets curve: Examining the linkages[J]. Ecological Economics, 2004,48(1):71-81.
[26]Klimenko M M. Competition, matching, and geographical clustering at early stages of the industry life cycle[J]. Journal of Economics & Business, 2004,56(3):177-195.
[27]Walter I, Ugelow J L. Environmental policies in developing countries[J]. Ambio, 1979,8(2/3):102-109.
[28]Copeland B R, Taylor M S. North-South trade and the environment[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1994,109(3):755-787.
[29]Chichilnisky G. North-South trade and the global environment[J]. American Economic Review, 1994,84(4):851-874.
[30]Zeng D Z, Zhao L. Pollution havens and industrial agglomeration[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics & Management, 2009,58(2):141-153.
[31]Saunders M I, Shah N, Joiner M C. Environmental policy, population dynamics and agglomeration[J]. Contributions in Economic Analysis & Policy, 2003, 3(2):3-3.
[32]Porter M E. The role of location in competition[J]. International Journal of the Economics of Business,1994,1(1):35-40.
[33]Bridge G. Global production networks and the extractive sector: Governing resource-based development[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2008,8(3):389-419.
[34]Lanoie P, Patry M, and Lajeunesse R. Environmental regulation and productivity: Testing the porter hypothesis[J]. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 2008,30(2):121-128.
[35]Panayotou T. Empirical tests and policy analysis of environmental degradation at different stages of economic development[R]. Geneva: International Labor Office,1993:1-6.
[36]Lange A, Quaas M, Jürges H, et al. Economic geography and the effect of environmental pollution on agglomeration[J]. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 2007, 7(1):1724-1724.
[37]Brakman S, Garretsen H, Marrewijk C V. An introduction to geographical economics[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2001, 94(2):439-440.
[38]Samuelson P A. The transfer problem and transport costs: The terms of trade when impediments are absent[J]. Economic Journal, 1952,62(246):278-304.
[39]Robertnicoud F. The structure of simple ‘New Economic Geography’ models (or, on identical twins)[J]. Social Science Electronic Publishing, 2005,5(2):201-234.
[40]金祥荣,谭立力.环境政策差异与区域产业转移—一个新经济地理学视角的理论分析[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2012,42(5):51-60.
[41]Boschma R, Martin R. Editorial: Constructing an evolutionary economic geography[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2007,7(7):537-548.
[42]Patchell J, Hayter R. Environmental and evolutionary economic geography: Time for EEG2[J]. Geografiska Annaler, 2013,95(2):111-130.
[43]Johansen L. A Multi-Sector Study of Economic Growth[M]. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1960:284-299.
[44]Comolli P M. Pollution control in a simplified general-equilibrium model with production externalities[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics & Management, 2006, 4(4):289-304.
[45]Pethig R. Pollution, welfare, and environmental policy in the theory of comparative advantage[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics & Management, 1976,2(3):160-169.
[46]邓祥征,吴锋,林英志,杨军.基于动态环境CGE模型的乌梁素海流域氮磷分期调控策略[J].地理研究,2011,30(4):635-644.
[47]刘安国,杨开忠,谢燮.新经济地理学与传统经济地理学之比较研究[J].地球科学进展, 2005,20(10):1059-1066.
[48]杨开忠,董亚宁,薛领,等.“新”新经济地理学的回顾与展望[J].广西社会科学, 2016(5):63-74.
[49]Murphy J, Gouldson A. Environmental policy and industrial innovation: Integrating environment and economy through ecological modernization[J]. Geoforum, 2000,31(1):33-44.
[50]Kalraustiala. States, NGOs, and international environmental institutions[J]. International Studies Quarterly, 1997,41(4):719-740.
[51]Gibbs D. Prospects for an environmental economic geography: Linking ecological modernization and regulationist approaches[J]. Economic Geography, 2006,82(2):193-215.
(1)用k0=[((1+μ)T1-σ+(1-μ)T1-σ)/2]-1/σ对涉及到的表达式进行化简。
(2)由于假设劳动力可变成本,因此增加的环境治理成本可视为增加劳动力。
(3)各式中参数均与Martin, P. and C.A. Rogers (1995)的FC模型表示形式相同,r和r*分别为区域1和2内企业固定成本,w为边际劳动报酬,x为产量,Kw为资本总量,Ew为总支出,φ为贸易自由度。
(4)其中,θ0用以表示引入环境规制后两区域可能形成的另一均衡状态,但文中并未对这一状态的具体形式进行讨论。
(5)即兼顾演化经济地理(Evolutionary Economic Geography)和环境经济地理(Environmental Economic Geography)两大研究方向的新研究框架。
[2]Gerrard C M, Petley D N. A risk society? Environmental hazards, risk and resilience in the later middle ages in Europe[J]. Natural Hazards, 2013,69(1):1051-1079.
[3]Marshall A. Principles of Economics[M]. London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 1920:299-302.
[4]Pigou A C. The Economics of Welfare[M]. 4th Edition. London: Macmillan and Co., 1932:645-647.
[5]Juliibrainard. Integrating geographical information systems into travel cost analysis and benefit transfer[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 1999,13(3):227-246.
[6]Wagner P L. The Human Use of the Earth[C]. Glencoe Illinois: The Free Press, 1960:1-6.
[7]贺灿飞,周沂.环境经济地理研究[M].北京:科学出版社, 2016:24-36.
[8]Thisse J F, Pagergiou Y. Reconciliation of transportation costs and amenities as location factors in the theory of the firm[J]. Geographical Analysis, 2010,13(3):189-195.
[9]Hannon B. Sense of place: Geographic discounting by people, animals and plants[J]. Ecological Economics, 1994,10(2):157-174.
[10]Krugman P. Increasing returns and economic geography[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 1991,99(3):483-499.
[11]Fujita M, Mori T. Frontiers of the new economic geography[J]. Papers in Regional Science, 2005,84(3):377-405.
[12]Yang J, Lei K, and Khu S, et al. Assessment of water environmental carrying capacity for sustainable development using a coupled system dynamics approach applied to the Tieling of the Liao River Basin, China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2015,73(9):5173-5183.
[13]Gibbs D. Ecological modernization, regional economic development and regional development agencies[J]. Geoforum, 2000,31(1):9-19.
[14]Hayter R. Environmental economic geography[J]. Geography Compass, 2010,2(3):831-850.
[15]Pollard B. Emerging themes in economic geography: Outcomes of the economic geography 2010 workshop[J].Economic Geography,2011,87(2):111-126.
[16]Allenby B R. Industrial Ecology: Policy Framework and Implementation[M]. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999:5-10.
[17]Virkanen J. Effect of urbanization on metal deposition in the Bay of T??l? nlahti, southern Finland[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1998,36(9):729-738.
[18]贺灿飞,朱彦刚.中国资源密集型产业地理分布研究—以石油加工业和黑色金属产业为例[J].自然资源学报, 2010,25(3):488-501.
[19]Elbers C, Withagen C. Environmental policy, population dynamics and agglomeration[J]. Contributions in Economic Analysis & Policy, 2004: 3(2):1-23.
[20]Marrewijk V. Geographical economics and the role of pollution on location[J]. ICFAI Journal of Environmental Economics,2005,3(1):28-48.
[21]Sigman H. Transboundary spillovers and decentralization of environmental policies[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics & Management, 2004,50(1):82-101.
[22]Rauscher M. Concentration, Separation, and Dispersion: Economic Geography and the Environment[C]. Mecklenburg: Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, 2009: 1-5.
[23]Quaas M, Lange A. Economic Geography and Urban Environmental Pollution[C].Heidelberg: University of Heidelberg,2004:1-18.
[24]Bi?rn E, Golombek R, Raknerud A. Environmental regulations and plant exit[J]. Environmental & Resource Economics, 1998,11(1):35-59.
[25]Cole M A. Trade, the pollution haven hypothesis and the environmental kuznets curve: Examining the linkages[J]. Ecological Economics, 2004,48(1):71-81.
[26]Klimenko M M. Competition, matching, and geographical clustering at early stages of the industry life cycle[J]. Journal of Economics & Business, 2004,56(3):177-195.
[27]Walter I, Ugelow J L. Environmental policies in developing countries[J]. Ambio, 1979,8(2/3):102-109.
[28]Copeland B R, Taylor M S. North-South trade and the environment[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1994,109(3):755-787.
[29]Chichilnisky G. North-South trade and the global environment[J]. American Economic Review, 1994,84(4):851-874.
[30]Zeng D Z, Zhao L. Pollution havens and industrial agglomeration[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics & Management, 2009,58(2):141-153.
[31]Saunders M I, Shah N, Joiner M C. Environmental policy, population dynamics and agglomeration[J]. Contributions in Economic Analysis & Policy, 2003, 3(2):3-3.
[32]Porter M E. The role of location in competition[J]. International Journal of the Economics of Business,1994,1(1):35-40.
[33]Bridge G. Global production networks and the extractive sector: Governing resource-based development[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2008,8(3):389-419.
[34]Lanoie P, Patry M, and Lajeunesse R. Environmental regulation and productivity: Testing the porter hypothesis[J]. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 2008,30(2):121-128.
[35]Panayotou T. Empirical tests and policy analysis of environmental degradation at different stages of economic development[R]. Geneva: International Labor Office,1993:1-6.
[36]Lange A, Quaas M, Jürges H, et al. Economic geography and the effect of environmental pollution on agglomeration[J]. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 2007, 7(1):1724-1724.
[37]Brakman S, Garretsen H, Marrewijk C V. An introduction to geographical economics[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2001, 94(2):439-440.
[38]Samuelson P A. The transfer problem and transport costs: The terms of trade when impediments are absent[J]. Economic Journal, 1952,62(246):278-304.
[39]Robertnicoud F. The structure of simple ‘New Economic Geography’ models (or, on identical twins)[J]. Social Science Electronic Publishing, 2005,5(2):201-234.
[40]金祥荣,谭立力.环境政策差异与区域产业转移—一个新经济地理学视角的理论分析[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2012,42(5):51-60.
[41]Boschma R, Martin R. Editorial: Constructing an evolutionary economic geography[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2007,7(7):537-548.
[42]Patchell J, Hayter R. Environmental and evolutionary economic geography: Time for EEG2[J]. Geografiska Annaler, 2013,95(2):111-130.
[43]Johansen L. A Multi-Sector Study of Economic Growth[M]. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1960:284-299.
[44]Comolli P M. Pollution control in a simplified general-equilibrium model with production externalities[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics & Management, 2006, 4(4):289-304.
[45]Pethig R. Pollution, welfare, and environmental policy in the theory of comparative advantage[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics & Management, 1976,2(3):160-169.
[46]邓祥征,吴锋,林英志,杨军.基于动态环境CGE模型的乌梁素海流域氮磷分期调控策略[J].地理研究,2011,30(4):635-644.
[47]刘安国,杨开忠,谢燮.新经济地理学与传统经济地理学之比较研究[J].地球科学进展, 2005,20(10):1059-1066.
[48]杨开忠,董亚宁,薛领,等.“新”新经济地理学的回顾与展望[J].广西社会科学, 2016(5):63-74.
[49]Murphy J, Gouldson A. Environmental policy and industrial innovation: Integrating environment and economy through ecological modernization[J]. Geoforum, 2000,31(1):33-44.
[50]Kalraustiala. States, NGOs, and international environmental institutions[J]. International Studies Quarterly, 1997,41(4):719-740.
[51]Gibbs D. Prospects for an environmental economic geography: Linking ecological modernization and regulationist approaches[J]. Economic Geography, 2006,82(2):193-215.
(1)用k0=[((1+μ)T1-σ+(1-μ)T1-σ)/2]-1/σ对涉及到的表达式进行化简。
(2)由于假设劳动力可变成本,因此增加的环境治理成本可视为增加劳动力。
(3)各式中参数均与Martin, P. and C.A. Rogers (1995)的FC模型表示形式相同,r和r*分别为区域1和2内企业固定成本,w为边际劳动报酬,x为产量,Kw为资本总量,Ew为总支出,φ为贸易自由度。
(4)其中,θ0用以表示引入环境规制后两区域可能形成的另一均衡状态,但文中并未对这一状态的具体形式进行讨论。
(5)即兼顾演化经济地理(Evolutionary Economic Geography)和环境经济地理(Environmental Economic Geography)两大研究方向的新研究框架。